Introduction
People may experience second hand, through artists, other possibilities of aesthetic, political and sexual freedom they lack in their own lives. This may be one of the reasons why, despite countless predictions over the past few decades, performance art hasn’t died, nor has it been replaced by other mediums.
Body art has evaded representation by focusing on the materiality of the performer’s bodies and presenting concrete life actions. In the wake of body art, theorists began writing on the significance and meaning of the body that was not a reference bearer but was ‘itself’.
In this essay I will use Amelia Jones historical evidence and critique on the body/self, Roselee Goldberg’s study on performance art, and Rebecca Schneider’s text on the explicit body to help to support my analyse the political function and socially charge topic of using the body/self within art and explore the identity artists have had to contend with. The body of work will also briefly comprise of examples of Marina Abramović’s and Petr Pavlensky;s work to support my discussion, all of whom practice uncompromising art, exploring the self and the limits of the body.
1: Real Action
Recent art history reveals a significant shift in artists’ perceptions of the body, which has been used not simply as the content of the work, but also as a canvas, frame and platform. Over the course of the last hundred years artists and others have interrogated the way in which the body has been depicted. The idea of the physical and mental self as a stable and finite form has gradually eroded, echoing influential developments in the fields of psychoanalysis, philosophy, medicine and science. Artists have investigated the temporality, eventuality and instabili...
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... performance artist as anti-hero and counter-cultural figure has and always will be desired. Exposing the body, exposing the holes in the self is pointing to the ultimate source of human aggression in both personal and political levels.
Works Cited
‘renders the symbolic [as] literal’ in order to ‘pose a threat… [to] implicit structures of comprehensibility.’ It is a body which is scarred by a history larger than the bodies’ wearer – in which we are removing to reveal what is already there, but unknown to us.
'... the live presence of the artist, and the focus on the artist's body, became central to notions of 'the real', and a yardstick for installation and video art.
“I am taking this radical form to call people to action – their own, in their own chosen form.”
“the bond between flesh and idea, and the general armature which manifest and which it conceals.”
People usually expect to see paintings and sculptures in Art Galleries. Imagine the surprise one finds when they are presented with a man stitching his face into a bizarre caricature, or connected to a machine which controls the artist’s body. These shocking pieces of performance art come under the broad umbrella that is Postmodernism. Emphasis on meaning and shock value has replaced traditional skills and aesthetic values evident in the earlier Modernist movements.
In the great tradition of classical art, nudity and death have been two main themes of the masters. Sally Mann’s photographs twist this tradition when the nudes are her prepubescent children and the corpses are real people. The issue is that her photographs are a lens into unfiltered actuality, and consumers question the morality of the images based on the fact that children and corpses are unable to give legal consent. Her work feels too personal and too private. Mainly, people question whether or not Mann meant to cause an uproar with her work or if the results were completely unintentional. After looking through what Sally Mann herself has said, it can be determined that both options have a grain of truth. She wanted to provoke thought,
...recognition of ‘symbols of transience’ which is juxtaposed with the oxymoron ‘ancient innocence’ representing the continuity of memory despite the transience of physicality and mortality.
Rowe visits North’s assertion that the role of the mask, as applied to visual art, is “convention embodied, the sign of signs,” which exposes the structure of art b...
No other artist has ever made as extended or complex career of presenting herself to the camera as has Cindy Sherman. Yet, while all of her photographs are taken of Cindy Sherman, it is impossible to class call her works self-portraits. She has transformed and staged herself into as unnamed actresses in undefined B movies, make-believe television characters, pretend porn stars, undifferentiated young women in ambivalent emotional states, fashion mannequins, monsters form fairly tales and those which she has created, bodies with deformities, and numbers of grotesqueries. Her work as been praised and embraced by both feminist political groups and apolitical mainstream art. Essentially, Sherman’s photography is part of the culture and investigation of sexual and racial identity within the visual arts since the 1970’s. It has been said that, “The bulk of her work…has been constructed as a theater of femininity as it is formed and informed by mass culture…(her) pictures insist on the aporia of feminine identity tout court, represented in her pictures as a potentially limitless range of masquerades, roles, projections” (Sobieszek 229).
Putman, D. (1990). THE AESTHETIC RELATION OF MUSICAL PERFORMER AND AUDIENCE. British Journal of Aesthetics. 30 (4), 1-2.
67 year-old performance artist Marina Abramović once said, “I don’t have this kind of feeling in real life, but in performance I have this enormous love, this heart that literally hurts me with how much I love them."
I look to other artists for inspiration and affirmation in regards to my work. I am certainly not the first artist to portray ideas of the body and its fragility. Hannah Wilke, whose work dealt with ideas of beauty and vulnerability, is perhaps one of more influential artists for me. While her work greatly differs from mine, I believe that fundamentally she was asking similar questions of society through her work as I am. When I first saw her work, I felt f...
The second wave of feminism starting in the late 1960s presented new ways of thinking about female rights and roles and gave greater attention to the issues affecting the various groups of women in the feminist movement. One of the essential topics that rose was the debate over female sexuality. From this point on efforts were made for changes in how women were expected to express their sexuality, which was controlled and adapted to the standards of men . These changes were also seen in the music area of which women sought to control their own representation and agency. Women began to challenge any models forced upon them based on preceding gender norms and traditions, and began to express their own identities according to their own comforts . The shift from traditional industry to the new media age in the 1990’s was a period of rapid transformation regarding female representations, of which females have claimed the freedom of expression through music, mainly seen through the sexual appearance of the female body. Nevertheless this achievement has been debated over most predominantly between liberal and radical feminists. This Essay will discuss the distinct views of radical and liberal feminists regarding the development of women’s freedom of expression and opportunities over time. Liberal feminists believe that women are in control of their own sexuality and have the right to express it in any way they choose. In contrast, radical feminists believe that female artists who expose their body in a sexual way and believe they have full control over themselves, are actually still trying to satisfy their predominantly male audience, therefore giving them control . To exemplify the different views on female development over time this es...
... are flipped upside down, skies being taken down like wallpaper, these contradictions depicted. In performance art, Lady Gaga, a contemporary pop singer, also embodies the strange of Surrealism. With her outlandish costumes and ideas, she transforms her stage in a wonderland. Her stage stands for everything society rejects. Her videos and performances are engaging; viewers critically see the underlying comment behind cultural phenomena. For instance, her piece Paparazzi, she comments on society. She is the celebrity she is in real life and at the same time is questioning the conditioning of masses to worship celebrity culture. While only using a few examples, Surrealism has not strayed too far from the fine arts but has spread into all forms of art. In the digital age, the canvas on which we paint or write has widened and evolved from the time Surrealism emerged.
Within new media, there exists the desire and possibility to produce new effects upon the viewer, to grant new experiences. Pipilotti Rist seeks the creation of virtual utopias within the limitations of the video medium in installations such as her recent work at the Museum of Modern Art, Pour Your Body Out (7354 Cubic Meters) in 2009. The work transforms the typically bare atrium of the Museum of Modern Art into an active environment, where a reciprocal relationship between the viewer and the projection can take place. Communication between viewers also forms an essential component in the work; discourse becomes the mediator in the spectator’s relationship to the imagery.
The feminist art movement was a movement that set into motion to fight for equality, women’s liberation and women’s rights overall. The view of artistic production through the female perspective brought high visibility to the female artist, and was the beginning of many influential female artists whom made both political and strong social statements through the centuries. The feminist art movement became a platform in which female artists could rebel and express their opinions, views and ideas. By the 1960’s women had reached their tolerance level with being good enough to be placed on works of art for gawking purposes, but not good enough to be seen as an artist. This was a time when female artist began producing art that reflected the lives of females from their perspectives and not from a man’s
The categorization of gender creates a space of normalacy that needs replication for sustainment. The gender binary i a cultural tool that implements that reproductive power. The communication of gender is what creates the normalcy and applies the use of performance assigned and learned gender roles. The assignment of the gender binary is examined in Judith Butler's Bodies that Matter, where performativity is connected to Derrida's theory of citationality and authenticity/inauthenticity. These concepts and the regard to materiality is what made the obscene nature of the book so subjective to the individual reading: “The classical configuration of matter as a site of generation or orginination becomes especially significant when the account of what an object is and means requires recourse to its originating principle” (Butler 31). The nature of matter is Western thought is to presc...
A conventional face represents an idealised self-portrait. In ‘Transfiguration’, Olivier de Sagazan builds an existential performance based on layers of clay that he paints onto his face and body to transform, disfigure and take apart his own figure from the physical world that constraints his emotions and passions. Jolting viewers out of ordinary patterns of thinking. Sagazan’s face test his viewers perceptions of the totemic face, the grotesque face, the face in performance, the violent face—all the while creating a dialogue between past, present, and what’s yet to come.
...p from the world they live in, a world of separation and indicate themselves with their own realities. Art is handed over into society’s hands, as in one movement it is suggested - to fixate what is real, live like you create and create like you live; in other – abandon media’s proposed ideas and take the leadership of life in our own hands.