Sterilization Essay

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STERILIZATION:
Sterilization is the killing or removal of all microbes including bacterial spores which are highly resistant.
CLASSIFICATION:
Moist heat sterilization.
Dry heat sterilization
Chemical sterilization.
Sterilization is also classified as

SUNLIGHT:
Bactericidal activity.
Germicidal activity because of U V rays + heat.
DRYING:
Sterilization by dry heat on the other hand requires temperature in range of 1800C for 2 hours.This process is used primarily for glassware .
Spores are unaffected by drying.
HEAT:
Dry
Moist
Heat is the most reliable method of sterilization and should be method of choice unless contraindicated. Killing by dry heat is due to
Protein denaturation
Oxidative damage
Toxic effects of elevated of electrolytes.
DRY HEAT (FLAMING):
I
INCENERATION:
.

HOT AIR OVEN:
Individual instrument must be heated at 1600C for 1 hour for effective sterilization.

Instruments packets must be placed at least 1 cm apart to allow heated air to circulate. If packed together without spacing ineffective sterilization.
MOIST HEAT:
Action is by
Protein denaturation.
Coagulation of protein.
Advantage of steam lies in the blatant heat liberated when it condenses on a cooler surface raising the temp of that surfaces.
In cases of spores steams condenses on the spores and kill them by hydrolysis and breakdown of bacterial protein.
Temp BELOW 100 0C:
Pasteurization 620C for 30min (holder method) or 720C for 15-20 sec (flash forces) following by cooling quickly to 130C by this process all are destroyed.
This is sufficient to kill the vegetative cells of the milk borne pathogens such as mycobacterium bovis,brucella etc.
Temperature at 1000C (Boiling) (10 – 30 min):
Vege...

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...dal, bactericidal, tubercolocidal.
Disadvantage, corrosive un pleasant older
GASES:
FORMALDEHYDE GASES:
Used for fumigation of operation theaters after sealing the windows and other outlets formaldehyde gas is generated by adding 150 gm of kmno4 to 280 ml of formation.
The reaction produces heat. There heat resistant vessels should be used.
After fumigation door are left unopened for 48 hours.
Surfaces which have been disinfected by this agent may release on irritant vapor for sometime after disinfection and this can be nullified by exposure to NH3 vapor after disinfection.
ETHYLENE OXIDE:
Colorless liquid, boiling point 1070C.
At normal temp and pressure it is highly penetrating pas with sweet small.
Highly inflammable and explosive so other gases are added CO2 or N2
Used for disinfection of heart lung machines respirators. Sutures, books and clothing

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