According to Chesemore (2011), statistics is concerned with methods based on mathematics theory and probability, which allows the user to summarize many observations concisely. The first recorded use of statistics was in the 16th century; it was used by gamblers and life insurance companies. The use and development of statistical methods has greatly expanded in the 20th century. The invention of the computer simplified calculations (Chesemore, 2011). In addition to learning that statistics is used more often than I thought, I have learned the methods, calculations, the theories behind the formulas, and the requirements for each testing method.
Descriptive statistics is a system which is used to understand large sets of data. Tools include graphs, charts, and histograms. Data is plotted to determine the distribution, but descriptive statistics is limited to measures of central tendency, mean, mode, median, and standard deviation (Weinclaw, 2009). Descriptive statistics is very basic; there is no testing or predicting based on testing the data. It can be used to determine if a sample is normally distributed. The next level of statistics is inferential statistics.
Inferential statistics is much more complex than descriptive statistics and is used for analysis and making inferences based on hypothesis testing to determine statistical significance of calculated values. Inferential statistics uses a vast array of testing procedures. The tests which are used depend on how the test is set up and what the user wants to discover (Weinclaw, 2009).
A simple test to determine if a sample is representative of a population is the z-test. The z-test is heavily used to determine if the sample is representative of a population. After z has been ...
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...let down that the equations needed to pick the winning powerball numbers were not included in the course.
Works Cited
Chesemore, D. (2011). Statistics. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Science. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=89317225&site=eds-live
Tanner, D. E., & Youssef–Morgan, C. M. (2013). Statistics for Managers. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
Wienclaw, R. (2009). Research Starters Sociology (Online Edition). Descriptive Statistics (Sociology). Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=89185422&site=eds-live
Wienclaw, R. (2009). Research Starters Sociology (Online Edition). Inferential Statistics. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=89185545&site=eds-live
Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance using the SAS (9.1, SAS institute, 2004) statistical software package. Statistical assessments of differences between mean values were performed by the LSD test at P = 0.05.
The final chapter of this book encourages people to be critical when taking in statistics. Someone taking a critical approach to statistics tries assessing statistics by asking questions and researching the origins of a statistic when that information is not provided. The book ends by encouraging readers to know the limitations of statistics and understand how statistics are
Renaud, R. (2014a, April 10). Unit 10 - Understanding Statistical Inferences [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from the University of Manitoba EDUA-5800-D01 online course materials.
An investigation of 150 randomly selected local restaurants concluded that 42% of local restaurants have serious health code violations. Is this a population or a sample; explain your answer.
J, S. A. (2012). Predicting Job Performance: The Moneyball Factor. The International Journal of Apllied Forecasting, (25), 31-34.
Garrison, R. H., Noreen, E. W., & Brewer, P. c. (2010). Managerial Accounting. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin.
University Press. Lawler, E. E., Levenson, A. and Boudreau, J.W. (2004). HR Metrics and Analytics: Use and
Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. (2009). Management (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Bacal, Robert. Manager's Guide to Performance Management. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print.
13. Romano, P.L. "Trends in Management Accounting." Management Accounting, August 1990, pp. 53-56. 14.
Heisinger, K., & Hoyle, J. B.(2012). Accounting for Managers. Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0. Retrieved from: https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/BookDetail.aspx?bookId=137
This paper discusses different types of sampling techniques used in quantitative research. It begins by looking at probability sampling (also known as random sampling) before discussing non-probability sampling (non-random sampling). The discussion ends by looking considerations that should be made before selecting a sampling technique before concluding. Because quantitative researchers prefer probability sampling and only use non-probability on rare occasions the e...
McClave, J. T., Benson, P. G., & Sincich, T. (2011). Statistics for business and economics (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson-Prentice Hall.
OLLIER-MALATERRE, ARIANE; ROTHBARD, NANCY P.; BERG, JUSTIN M. Academy of Management Review (Oct2013), Vol. 38 Issue 4
Researchers, professionals and others use statistics to prove their claims or findings. Even though statistics are not an absolute fact because the conclusion is mostly drawn from a sample group – representative of a specific population subjected to the research, it is commonly used as the basis of decision making or alternating choices in daily living, studies, works, scientific research, politics and other planning. The inventor of a documentary film called “An inconvenient truth”, Mr. Al Gore, for instance, in his campaign to educate people about the climate change, used statistics to alert people that everyone on earth is polluting the environment and should participate in solving the problem. He collected data from many different countries with an in...