2.1 Citizen’s knowledge and experience of stalking
Citizen’s knowledge and experience of stalking is likely to affect their perception towards ‘stalking’. In this study, Winnie, a 23-year-old student, is invited to share her opinion towards stalking.
When asking what is the definition of stalking, Winnie suggests that stalking include “a series of behaviors which cause someone to feel being disturbed”. She lists some behaviors which regard as stalking like stalking by telephone, making unwelcome visits, collecting debts or sending unwanted gifts to someone. She thinks wait outside the victim’s home or workplace, following them, watching or videotaping their daily life are common stalking involved with family members and intimate partners.
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Stalking is a very complicated phenomenon which involved by a series of repeated behaviors, but not necessarily illegal [0.1 p74]. So, it is hard to have a clear definition of stalking. Winnie also indicates the difficulty:
I think there may be difficulties on successfully convict the stalker as the definition of the law is not clear enough. The law should include what kind of stalking behaviors should be involved in the offence. But I think it is hard to include all kinds of stalking behaviors in the law.
Furthermore, Winnie agrees that some kinds of newsgathering activities should be included in the law, like the paparazzi who stalked the celebrities. But she also concerns about the press freedom of the proper news gathering activities. She points out that someone who did wrong things and unwilling to be interviewed may ask for legal action by claiming he is being stalked. She shares the same concern with the journalists’ group. [100] The journalists argue that press freedom would be intervene and reporting would be disrupted. They support the news gathering activities should exempt from the law. In contrast, there are opposing opinions that the exemption may weaken the protection to victims. [50] Although the criminalizing stalking may help to protect victims who suffer from persistent harassment, concerns from different sides need to be
“The Reporter’s Privilege Compendium: An Introduction.” Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, n.d. Web. 15 November 2013.
Anyone around you can be a stalker. Stalkers come from all and any socio-economc background. There are categories made for stalkers but at times, not every stalker fits in each characteristics perfectly. According to the Sexual Assault prevention & Awareness Center, there are six categories of stalkers. The Rejected stalker, Resentful stalker, Predatory stalker, Intimacy seeker, Incompetent suitor, and Erotomania and Morbidly Infatuated.
First of all, law is not cut and dry, and the law can be very wordy to the average reader. Stalking is defined differently in all 50 states, but can broadly summed up best from the National Institute of Justice:
Most people assume that most stalking victims are women, but law officials have found that the number of male and female victims are roughly equal (Brownstein). It has been proven that, “The nature of the relationship between targets and stalkers seems to be different for women and men.” Statistically, females usually know their stalker, while male victims usually have no personal relationship with their stalker (Accomando and Anderson). Most of the time, men will not report that they are being stalked unless they feel it is life threatening because some do not see women as a threat (Wigman). Victims are not powerless, but they are in a rough and dangerous position
Stalker or stalking has been further classified based on typology established by Paul Mullen, Teresa Flower and Rosemary Purcell. It is based on the context in which stalking arose and stalkers initial impetus for containing the victim. There are five types of a stalker: the rejected, resentful, intimacy-seeking, incompetent and the predator . The two precarious of all are rejected and predator stalkers.
In the case of stalking, which is relatively new in the research arena and thus has a limited evidence base to inform practice, SPJ appears to be the most appropriate as only a detailed and flexible risk assessment process that takes into account the different forms of potential damage can provide a basis for management that reduces the potential harm to the victim and the stalker both (Mullen et al, 2006). Further research into stalking risk factors and comprehensive assessment tools will aid the development of more accurate and detailed procedures specific to the assessment of risk in stalking.
Stalking has been a label for a long-term pattern of persistent pursuit and intrusive behavior directed by one person toward another (Logan & Cole, 2007). It is a term that has been around since the late 1980’s coming about to describe the persistent pursuit of celebrities and today is used to describe all manner of unwanted following, approaching, and harassing behaviors directed toward any individual (Logan & Cole, 2007). Some of the most common forms of stalking are repeated phone calls, visiting home or the work place, sending unwanted gifts, emails, letters, or following the victim.
A a common theme that I saw while reading Killing Stalking is that no one both in manga and in the real world will not do anything to help the protagonist in his hour of need and the main reason is because of the way he looks and behaves. The main lesson at least for me is that beware of people that seem charming. Or other words don’t judge a person base on their looks because not only is that person unaware of what they been through, they could be walking into their death. I believe others will learn to not be afraid to speak up if they are in the situations that the main characters are in. Killing Stalking is a stand alone graphic novel and it has been very popular and is a success for it was the number two manga of 2017.
Intimate partner stalkers are typically known as the guy who "just can’t let go." These are most often men who refuse to believe that a relationship has really ended. Often, other people - even the victims - feel sorry for them. But they shouldn’t. Studies show that the vast majority of these stalkers are not sympathetic, lonely people who are still hopelessly in love, but were in fact emotionally abusive and controlling during the relationship. Many have criminal histories unrelated to stalking. Well over half of stalkers fall into this "former intimate partner" category.
Courts do not always protect the press, if something is published that has no real interest and invades someone’s privacy can be fined for doing so. There are also several tv shows that paramedics or firemen enter a home for a call and a tv crew will follow them, and the people inside have no time or may not be in the condition to give permission to enter and in result there have been many reported cases in which the victim later sued for invasion of privacy.
The predatory behavior of animals is of such value to natural selection itself that human beings are now attempting to reach back to primal roots to benefit from predatory, animalistic instincts. The U.S. military is currently experimenting with the somewhat lofty prospect of updating drone technology based on the behavior of falcons. These predatory instincts, though, are the product of what experts call dominance hierarchies in the animal kingdom, and these hierarchies are socially reflective of those historically observed among human nationalities, ethnic groups and religious groups. Individuals within any animal population may be inclined to dominate the population and its ecosystem by monopolizing both resources and sexual partners.
The judiciary has been blamed for this, as they have been promoting the trend by not readily distinguishing between the interest and curiosity of the public. Until the curiosity craving has been curbed, the media and paparazzi will continue to view their photographs and information as newsworthy (Nordhaus 292-295). The paparazzi’s methods in photographing are borderline appropriating to celebrities. The news-gathering attempts of the paparazzi can sometimes reach levels that are borderline appropriation of celebrities. Paparazzi and tabloids claim the photographs taken are in fact used in legitimate news stories, and ultimately benefit from these privacy violating photos as the celebrities on the cover provide profit and sales.
Posting personal information can also make it easier to be stalked. To stalk means to pursue by tracking. The study from Women's Aid and the Network to Survive Stalking, warns that Smartphones are being targete...
In previous years, the issue with the paparazzi and media has grown. With the advances in technology, it makes taking and posting photos of celebrities or public figures much easier. The public appears greedy and feels privy to their private lives. Celebrities, or any public figure, have very limited privacy due to the paparazzi and media. The paparazzi and media are also affecting celebrities’ children. Currently, laws are being put in effect to stop this.
2013 jan 04: B.1. Web. 3 Dec. 2013. . ProQuest Staff. "At Issue: Privacy and the Press."