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History of conflict in Sudan
The origin of conflict in Sudan
History of conflict in Sudan
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History of South Sudan South Sudan, officially The Republic of South Sudan country created by spliting Sudan, as the world’s newest and youngest country, where it's said to be there's more than 50 etnic groups alongside with almost 90 local languages, was created, or announced as an independent state on the 9th of July 2011, while a referendum passed with over 98% population being for its independence . The population is about 12,340,000 inhabitans.Diversions and distinctions of etnicity, languages, different religions, social classes, rural ways of life divided the society into variable gender relationships even within same groups. Most of people living in South Sudan are surprisingly Christians, but there are also Muslims and many South Sudanese people practice traditional animist beliefs. State is a Federal presidential republic with a leader/president Salva Kiir Mayardit.
Gender relationships in South Sudan are very roughly affected and influenced by the reality that South Sudan is one of the most Least Developed Countries in the world, maybe for its young age and ofcourse by all the ages of conflicts and wars. The demography itself is almost equal, talking about the percentage of men vs women as is it is on 40% to 60%. The population is very young as we know that
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In the other hand both, men and women, should have the same rights and oportunities for the public spheres. This threaty aswell sets up a law that determines a quarter of parliament seas being occupied by women. Which means that quarter of 28 senators are women. Alongside with the historic participation in peacekeeping missions and thanks to Women in South Sudan, which are women living in South Sudan and being politically active in the head of the state, which participated in signing Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005, which is known aswell as Article 32 of Sudan’s Interim
However, Europeans women were very segregated and under man control during the colonial times; but little by little women fight for their rights and become free of man domination. Today the status of women’s civil rights varies dramatically in different countries and, in some cases, among groups within the same country, such as ethnic groups or economic classes. In recent decades women around the world have made strides in political participation, as for example women acquired the right to vote, the right to become part of political issues, the right to marriage who they want, and the right to be free as an individual.
The languages most spoken are Arabic, English, Dinka, Nuer, Bari and ZandeI. The linguistic and ethnic diversity makes the Sudanese culture one of the most complex in the world. The main religions of the Sudanese are Islam and Christianity. Islam, which has spread widely through northern Sudan and Christianity, was spread to the South. Looking at the map to the right, you will see Islam being the number one, Christianity is number two, and Animism is the number three religion in either Sudan or South Sudan. The Sudanese population is 34,847,910 that breaks down as, 0-14 years: 41.4% male 7,337,924/female 7,104,702, 15-24 years: 20% male 3,596,729/female 3,376,682, 25-54 years: 31.4% male 5,316,659/female 5,639,494, 55-64 years: 3.8% male 711,596/female 620,962, and 65 years and over: 3.3% male 629,312/female 513,850. (CIA, 2013) (CNN, 2013)
Deniz Kandiyoti analyses how women cope and strategize within constraints, calls it ‘patriarchal bargains’, in two different forms of patriarchy, one is the sub-Saharan Africa other is the classic belt of patriarchy consisting of the middle east, south Asia and east Asia. Moreover, Kandiyoti also discusses how women respond to oppression in two different parts of the world which have an impact on their gendered subjectivities as well as create opportunities for transformation.
The Women of the Middle East have played substantial roles for their corresponding countries since the advent of colonialism in the region. Middle Eastern women have worked in all types of fields including medicine, education, agriculture, government, private sector, and even defense. They have kept roofs over their family’s heads while their husbands were away in wars, or even in foreign countries to work in jobs that they could not find in their own countries. The roles of women in the countries of Yemen and Oman are no exception, but while they still find ways to contribute to their country, they care constantly stereotyped, discriminated, and ridiculed by men who are known and unknown to them. This paper will discuss the individual contributions of the women living in Yemen and Oman, and will discuss in further state laws and cultural norms that are affecting the women living in these countries today.
Tadesse, Debay. Post-independence South Sudan: the challenges ahead. ISPI-ISTITUTO PER GU STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE. February 2012.no.46.
South Sudan is very diverse culturally because of it’s geography. It’s mountains, tropical forests and marshes make it so that cultures are not shared as easily as the spreading of Arabic values in the mainly grassland North, leading to unique tribes and cultures being created. The Traditional African or Animist Religions practiced by the natives of South Sudan have many, many different forms, usually believing in deities but also one god or supreme being. Followers usually do not have written songs, stories and is instead passed down teaching but is passed down through a tribe. Beliefs have mixed with Islam and Christianity even if contradictory but the most important part of the religion is making nature be one with the supernatural.
The equality between men and women is an integral part of human rights, it is also a prerequisite for democracy and social justice. Any democratic state seeks to promote gender equality in all spheres of life. Despite the creation of a strong legal framework to ensure the principle of equality of both sexes, the gap between men and women about their capabilities remains significant (Pomeroy, 72).
The rise of this conflict can be traced back to European colonialism. As the British Empire continued to expand it incorporated Sudan into it’s empire in the 1890s. However at the time, Sudan was not the Sudan that is knew pre-2011. There were two a North and a South Sudan. The north was predominatingly a Arabic speaking Muslim North, and the south an English speaking Christian South. To prevent Egypt claiming North Sudan, the British combined the two regions into one. It can be classified as this being the start of the conflict. The two regions, were culturally,religiously, and ethnically different. Tensions were bound to rise based on these issues. When the British colonialism ended and Sudan declared independence in 1956, the borders were not altered. The country was still united into one Sudan. The British like most Colonial powers left the nation with an unstable government structure. The British supported the North more than it did the South, thus creating resentment and tensions between the two after the end of colonialism.
Culture is something that tremendously varies from society to society and is an essential part of what shapes our perceptions, attributions, judgments, and ideas of self and other. Unlike the United States of America, Sudan was not founded on the principle that “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” In Sudan, it is ubiquitous that every civilian does not have an equal opportunity as well substantial support to obtain quality food, shelter, safety, clothing, and medical care. Due to the social injustices found in Sudan, it is axiomatic that the Sudanese culture is very diverse from the culture found in the United States.
Kenya is a country in East Africa on the coast of the Indian Ocean. Nairobi is the largest city and capital. As of 2016, the population was 48.46 million, but by the year 2025, the population should increase by 2.20 percent, making the population 66,959,993 people. Kenya has an increasing birth and death rate. Kenya's currency is called Kenyan shilling. One Kenyan shilling is equal to 0.0099 U.S. dollars. Kenya is known for their crop growth and living creatures.
“The current population of Sudan is 41,139,779 as of Thursday, February 15, 2018, based on the latest United Nations estimates.” There are all of these people that live in this country and most of them are suffering. Alot of people in sudan do not have access to electricity or water. The people of Sudan speak Arabic or English. Sudan is the third largest country in Africa. After viewing the video provided, I discovered things about American culture.
Throughout history, there have been constant power struggles between men and women, placing the male population at a higher position than the female. Therefore, in this patriarchal system women have always been discriminated against simply due to the fact that they are women. Their rights to vote, to be educated and essentially being treated equally with men was taken away from them and they were viewed as weak members of society whose successes depend on men. However, this has not prevented them from fighting for what they believe in and the rights they are entitled to. On the contrary, it has motivated them to try even harder and gain these basic societal rights through determination and unity.
...ntries women are restricted in where they can and cannot work. Most commonly, they seem to be restricted from jobs in which physically taxing tasks are the norm. This is no doubt due to the stereotype that women are fragile and weak and must be protected (a stereotype that can hold true, but that is not always true). This also seems to be consistent across culture. However, despite the fact that these restrictions were enacted to protect women, they place heavy limitations on women’s opportunities. Furthermore, these are not the only injustices many women across the world face. However, the only way to fight these injustices is to increase women’s participation in politics, as discussed in the UN report from 2008. It is absolutely vital that women be able to actively participate in politics without letting gender discrimination and stereotypes get in the way.
“Women’s human security rights in the Arab world: on nobody's agenda.” 50.50 Inclusive Democracy, 2 Dec. 2013. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.
The history of women’s rights in Africa has affected its present state. Established in 2003, by the African Union (AU), (Meyersfeld 13) the Maputo Protocol promises women equal rights and the right to an abortion if the woman conceived he baby through incest, rape, or if having the baby would be injurious to the mother’s health. (Meyersfeld 12) However, as of 2013 the Maputo Protocol has yet to be ratified by eighteen countries. (African Business News 51) Africa is a continent in which there are countries where a woman needs permission from her husband to travel, to work, or to open a bank account. (Moleketi 10) To this day, women are still seen as subordinate to men. These primit...