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Life and achievements of Genghis Khan
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Sorghaghtani Beki was a Khereid princess and daughter-in-law of Temüjin (Genghis Khan) and is known to have been one of the most influential and knowledgeable women in the Mongol Empire. She had four sons with Tolui, the youngest son of Genghis Khan, and she worked it so that her sons were the ones to inherit the birthright of their grandfather. She raised each one of her sons and prepared them by educating them and teaching them the languages of the lands that they ruled. Sorghaghtani, although she was illiterate, realized the value of literacy and instilled that in her children. Unlike most of the Mongols, Sorghaghtani was Nestorian Christian instead of Shamanistic. When her son Kubilai was Khan, he gave her, her own territory in North China. …show more content…
We know about her life and of other lives of rural people because of historian Judith Bennett. Cecilia lived her entire life in Brigstock which is a manor in central England. She was the seventh of either children and all but two of them lived to adulthood which was very uncommon. Her family was wealthy compared to other peasants (450 square foot home). The economy in Brigstock focused on the growing of wheat, barley, rye, and oats; and meadows and pastures for sheep, horses, and oxen. There was a great famine that wreaked havoc on England from 1315 to 1322 and it killed one-tenth of England’s six million people. It was during this famine that Cecilia’s parents died and left her an ample inheritance. She used the money to buy land from peasants and at the end of the famine, she had twenty-five acres and at the time of her death, she had seventy acres of pasture and two acres of good farming land. Because she was a woman, Cecilia could not hold office in the manor and she was paid one-third less than a man doing the same job. Cecilia never married but stayed close to her two brothers that stayed in Brigstock. She employed skilled and unskilled laborers and servants on a daily basis on her land and she sold what was produced on her land. This look into the life of Cecilia gives us a very important look into the life of peasants which were ninety percent of the medieval
Many people ask “How Barbaric were the Barbarians”. The truth be told, the mongols were more barbaric than they were peaceful. They were able to conquer more than 4,800,000 miles of land using brutal and strategic military tactics, destroy and conquer cities, along with using extremely harsh punishments for their prisoners. Because of this, the mongols were able to stay in power for about 300 years. Many people believe that they mongols were more peaceful than they were barbaric because of how economically stable they were. However the mongols killed thousands and left millions terrified across Asia.
The Mongols, or as the Western Europeans called them, the Tartars, were a nomadic, militant people that dominated the battlefield during the pre-industrial time period (“Tartars” 7). Over the span of the 13th century, from the Central Asian steppes in the east to the Arabian lands to the west, the Tartars subdued the unfortunate inhabitants and expanded their empire vastly. To the fear and dismay of the Western Europeans, the Tartars desired to triumph over all of Eurasia; therefore, the Western Europeans were to be conquered next. News of the imminent Tartarian attack rapidly spread through West Europe like a wildfire, and the powerful Holy Roman Church contended to prepare a strategy against the onslaught. In the year 1245, Pope Innocent IV, the head of the Church at the time, sent a group of Friars led by Giovanni da Pian del Carpini to gather some knowledge about the Tartars. It was a dreaded mission, one that would probably end in a terrible death, since the Tartars were a cruel people towards outsiders. Nevertheless, Carpini valiantly ventured into the unknown darkness, and returned to his homeland with valuable information about the Tartars. Through the insight he gained during his travels, he wrote his account of the Tartars in a report called the “Historia Mongalorum” (“Tartars” 19), which is known today as “The Story of the Mongols Whom We Call the Tartars”.
Mongol empire was the largest land empire of the world has ever seen. First began as a nomadic group of tribes. Mongols were united and emerged into an empire that conquered lands stretching from Europe to Central Asia under the rule of Genghis Khan. The Mongol empire was able to succeed in expanding, and conquering was due to their ability to adapt to any living conditions, their sheer brutality force, and their strong military organization.
The Mongols were nomadic people who didn’t know much about mining, and didn’t farm. They mostly lived off of meat and milk. They used hides from horses and wools from sheeps for their clothes and materials. The Mongols first conquered land, when Temuchin was given the title Genghis Khan. The Mongols were barbaric, they conquered a lot of land, and they were smart.
Cecilia, like the society around her, has difficulty keeping up with and finding jobs. Cecilia struggles, as many others struggled in her time, to make enough just to live off of. Her society was one of tremendous stress and required an outlet and means of escapism. Cecilia and her husband Monk offer up two examples of escapism that were extremely prevalent during the Great Depression. Cecilia frequents the cinema to escape into the fantasies and hopeful stories of Hollywood while Monk gambles and drinks excessively.
There has been great conversation about whether the Mongols were barbarians or acted Barbaric throughout their lifetime. When looking at the Mongol civilization to determine if they are barbaric or not depends on several factors, what does barbaric mean, how do the Mongol cities act, and how do their people act away from their cities. The major thing to look at when determining if the Mongols are barbaric, what classifies a barbarian and what does it mean to be barbaric. We can see that in the times of ancient Rome, barbarians are just foreigners to their land. The term barbaric has changed as time has changed from being a foreigner to acting uncivilized and being a savage people. So if we are using the old Roman term for barbarian; then yes the Mongols were barbarians, but we are
The role that women played in the Mongol society was often a complex one. Mongol woman were often bought or stolen by their husbands. The women were often treated like property and used just like any other type of bartering tool. However during the rule of Genghis Khan, the women were not merely mothers and tent wives, they also enjoyed considerable power within the family ...
In the 13th century BC, the Mongols rose to power and conquered an empire whose size still has yet to matched. The Mongols conquered lands such as China, leaving such a lasting influence on them that their legacy still lives on. However, despite the Mongols success, their actions have left a constantly ongoing debate on whether they were barbarians, seen and portrayed by different societies of their time as people with no morale or modern civilities, or civilized people who were just feared by other societies. Although the Mongols are generally now seen as Barbarians because of their violent and barbaric war tactics they used to instill fear in people, they are actually civilized because they had a strategically organized army, and because they were accepting of the customs of other peoples. These two elements would eventually lead them to their success.
The Abduction of Women in “The Secret History of the Mongols” The Mongols livelihood was based on tribal raids en-order to survive. During the twelfth century the Mongols wanted to be ruler over the Khitans, and Jurchens, which consisted of a majority of wandering individuals that continued to reside in the east, and learned to become skilled at assets from China. The Turks were another group of peoples that wanted to become ruler over the Khitans, and Jurchens. This particular group of individuals was well trained in working with metal, but revolted against the Rouruans, which previously conquered the eastern Silk Road of Central Asia , and continued to the region of Mongolia. In the twelfth century war rage between the Jurchens, and the Khitans, as a result the Jurchens became victorious, therefore gained further access into China. Unlike, the Khitans and the Jurchens, who adapted to the Chinese customs, the Mongols never wavered from their traditional way of living. Before the enormous invasion the Mongols did have any rural communities, or suburbs, therefore had to transfer their livestock according to the seasons. The Mongols dwelling consisted of circular tents known as yurts, instead of houses. The yurts were made big enough for a whole family to live in, as well as waterproof. The area the Mongols lived was cold, and the land was not adequate for farming, therefore their diet normally consisted of meat products, along with milk from cows, or goats. The Mongols did not have adequate means of keeping food fresh, therefore was often concerned with the health status of all livestock’s. The Mongols had to face many hardships that affected their food supply, like the cold seasons, or illness. Since the land was not adequate for ...
When Westerners such as ourselves and people native to Europe are asked what they know of the Mongols the answer is usually ruthless barbarians intent upon world domination. After all these years you would expect that the educational points presented to the different generations in school would have given a different view of the Mongol civilization. Leaving this vision instilled upon generation after generation is detrimental to learning the different positive aspects left behind by such a powerful empire. The nomadic lifestyle that the Mongols endured empowered them to become hardy warriors. The Mongols began their conquests in response to Ghengis Khans personal missions as well as a disruption in trade and the ecology of the land upon which they inhabited.
Born in 1162, Khan's birth name was actually Temujin. The name we come to know him as today he acquired In 1206 when he came to power as leader of the Mongolian people, he was given the name Chinggis Khan (Genghis Khan) which means universal ruler. Before this time, Khan had a hard life living in the wilderness with his mother and siblings after his father had been murdered by his tribe's enemies and his own clan had abandoned his family to die. While struggling to survive in the Mongolian wilderness, Temujin (Khan) met one of the most influential friends and adversaries he would ever have in his life, Jamuka. (Beckwith-185) He eventually became the leader of a small clan, but quickly turned into a warrior when his wife was kidnapped by a neighboring tribe. With his friend and ally Jamuka, Khan led a war party to the neighboring tribe to get his wife back and this started his military exploits. (Weatherford-51)
Over the years there have been many great nomadic groups, such as the Vikings and the Kievan, but no nomadic group has been more successful than the Mongols. The Mongols have had many lasting influences on Russia, China, and even Europe. The Mongols have left a mark on the European trading systems in technologies as well as in their trading systems trade routes. One thing that stayed the same throughout Europe was their many religion.
In a speech broadcast to London via radio on October 1st, 1939, Winston Churchill famously said: “I cannot forecast to you the action of Russia. It is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma (Murdico, 1).” While it is true that Churchill was referring to his inability to predict the country’s actions in regards to the impending world war, the words can be used to illustrate a general confusion and lack of understanding, by both western and eastern powers alike, concerning the massive nation. Russia, as it stands today, currently encompasses about 6.6 million square miles of land (Murdico, 1), and is the largest country in the world by land mass. Along with a large area, Russia also has quite the large reputation; having been through two world wars, governments both communist and imperial, and a slew of civil wars and internal struggles. Russian politics and history is still today a hot topic of conversation, yet very little of this conversation mentions anything pre-WWI. It may be difficult to say exactly why this is so, as a great number of factors, including first an foremost our own cultural biases and perspectives come in to play, but it is true that Russia may confuse us because it is nearly impossible to categorize as being entirely “western” or “eastern” in nature. It is not really European nor is it truly Asian. Instead it has been shaped by a blend of different cultures and political ideologies that certainly include both European and Asian influence. Playing a huge role in this is the geography of the area; its location lends itself to contact with and, more importantly, being attacked by surrounding societies while still being pushed up against the corner of a continent in an almost isola...
Weatherford, J. (2010). The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire. USA: Crown Publishers
Temuchin, more commonly known as Genghis Khan and most likely born in 1162, united the Mongols in 1206 after many years of struggle and wars. The armies of Genghis Khan invaded China, smashed the Muslim states of Central Asia, and soon reached the Caucasus. Genghis Khan died in 1227 but his successors continued his sweeping