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Compare baroque and classical
Compare baroque and classical
Compare baroque and classical
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Sonata
The term Sonata comes from Italian and Latin and means ‘to sound’. (Sonata) Instead of singing, the Sonata is an instrumental work, made for one instrument or a small group of instruments made out of three or four movements. (Music of the Classical Period) The Merriam-Webster Dictionary adds that these movements typically contrast each other in rhythm and mood.
In the Baroque, the term Sonata was applied to a variety of works for instruments. From the Baroque to the Classical period, the term Sonata went through a change in meaning, now used for a chamber-music genre for either a solo instrument or a solo melody with piano. However, after 1800 the term began to be applied to a large-scale musical arrangement. (Sonata)
The Sonata
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It is also during this period that the three- and four-movement layouts became a discussion with the four-movement form being determined as the better. (Sonata)
The role of the sonata as an extremely important form of musical arrangement still inspires people to work with and compose and perform new works in this very traditional form. (Sonata)
This example for the Sonata will be one of the most famous, the Moonlight Sonata. For being such a famous piece it doesn’t follow traditional sonata style, in which the movements are fast, slow, fast. In the Moonlight Sonata the movements are slow, slow, fast. His original subtitle for the Moonlight Sonata, which is his 14th sonata was Quasi una Fantasia. It didn’t gain its famous name until 5 years after Beethoven’s death. ("Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata - Profundity and Grace)
The sonata is a major part of musical history because it started the focus on instrumental music rather than vocal. The sonata was one of my favorite types of instrumental work before this but now I know even more about how important the sonata was to instrumental music. I also learned quite a lot about how the sonata is set up and its history from a general term to a very specific definition in
This concert is held by the Stony Brook University music department and is to perform seven pieces of music written by seven student composers. The concert is performed in Recital Hall of Staller Center in Stony Brook University. Since it is a small hall, audiences are very close to the performers. In fact, it is the first time I am this close to the performers and the sound for me is so clear and powerful that seems like floating in front of my eyes. Among the seven pieces, “Ephemeral Reveries” and “Gekko no mori” are piano solo, “Two Songs for Joey” is in piano and marimba, “Suite” and “Fold Duet No. 1” are in woodwinds, “Elsewhere” is played by string groups, and “e, ee, ree, and I was free” is in vocal. Personally, I like the sound of piano and guitar the best. Therefore, in the latter part I will analysis two pieces in piano, “Gekko no mori” and “Two Songs for Joey”.
This movement was also in complete sonata form, like the first, but started out with a fugue, containing timpani solos and then later concluded with an abrupt
Composers such as Lully, Purcell and Handel used the French overture which is in two sections, each marked with a repeat. The French overture begins with a slow homophonic section frequently using dotted rhythms often ending on a half cadence and then moves to a faster fugal or "quasi-fugal" section which usually makes a return to the slow tempo and rhythms of the first section (Stolba, 1998). The Italian overture, or sinfonia as it was sometimes called, was written in three movements which are fast-slow-fast in order, the finale often written in a dance like character (Peyser, 1986). By the eighteenth century, this type of overture prevailed for operas even in France with the first movement becoming longer and more elaborate. Sonata form was generally used and a slow introduction would often begin the work (Sadie, 1980).
The String Quartet in C Minor, Mvmt IV by Ludwig van Beethoven was composed from 1798-1800. It consists of four movements: Allegro ma non tanto – fast lively tempo, Andante scherzoso quasi allegretto - moderately slow tempo (e.g. walking). Faster than adagio but slower than allegretto, Menuetto - A graceful, courtly French dance of the Baroque and Classical period with a triple meter and a moderate tempo. It was introduced at the court of Louis XIV. In classical forms such as the symphony or chamber music, the minuet evolved into the more vigorous scherzo. : Allegretto - moderately quick tempo, and slower than allegro but faster than andante (Christiansen, 2005). The instruments that Beethoven uses in the song is two violins: 1st violin and 2d violin, a viola, and a cello (typical string quartet). He also uses the rondo form within this song. The rondo form features a tuneful main theme (A) which returns several times with other themes. This form is really easy to remember because this piece is repeated throughout the song, people can usually recognize its return. Also, because of it...
The Beethoven Symphony #9 in D minor is being announced during the 4th movement of the symphony. Typically, in symphonies, the 4th movements take part in the term of Allegro, which means it is played quickly or fast. However, in Beethoven Symphony, the 4th movement opens with a flurry sound and then is introduced by an instrumental recitative. A recitative is a style of music alternating between speaking and singing words on the same note. In a recitative, the music lines are not repeated even though formally composed songs do.
‘Sonata’ at this time referred to instrumental music while ‘pian’ means soft and ‘forte’ means loud. The title of the work indicates that it is an instrumental work that has soft and loud sections. Gabrieli's composition is special because it is the first to show dynamic markings in an ensemble setting. Some sources will say that it is the first piece to portray dynamics in general, but other sources provide evidence that dynamic markings appear in solo literature composed decades beforehand. “Deeper acquaintance with the music shows that they [the dynamics] also have an emotional function, for they occur so irregularly that the listener is never certain if he will be overwhelmed with sound, or when he must strain his ears for some more subdued phrase.” Gabrieli felt that dynamics can help portray or alter the audience’s perception of a pattern of music towards a particular mood.
This piano concerto adheres to the tradition way of composing a piece in this genre as it consists of three movements:
The following examples come from Mozart's Symphony No. 25 in G minor, which you might remember as the music for the opening scene of movie Amadeus.
Sonata Allegro form was a development of the classical era. It represents a more open form than many of the earlier Baroque forms such as fugues, rondeau form, etc. While there is a formula that can be applied, there was not a rigid, formal concept for the form. Rather it evolved over the classical era and beyond.
First, let’s begin by looking at the form Mozart created the symphony in. Mozart uses the sonata form for this composition, which became the most widely used form during the Classical Period. Sonata form presents a series of procedures for the appropriate structuring of a piece. Sonatas
In Beethoven’s early quartets, he takes great inspiration from both Mozart and his tutor, Joseph Haydn. Before Beethoven wrote his first quartet he had already written several different compositions for he wanted to really establish his own style of writing first. Op. 18, No. 1 in F, was first written in 1799 but still remains close to the Haydnesque and Mozartian quartet writing style, but the young Beethoven begins to place in his own ideas. This can be seen in the very first movement (see example 1).
To satisfy the middle-class amateur, classic composers supplied a ton of new chamber music for all imaginable combinations. The piano sonata became a very important form of chamber music, especially after being refined by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. After 1765, the string quartet began to increasingly dominate the chamber music field.
One of the popular forms of Eighteenth Century music was the Sonata Form. This form allowed the music to be balanced and orderly. Sonata Form had three parts, the exposition, the development and the recapitulation. In each of the parts are two themes. As the song is played, the theme changes from what it originally started off with in the exposition and then returns to it in the recapitulation. This creates a balance in the musical piece and creates a sense of satisfaction in the listener. An example of a musical piece that puts the Sonata Form in use is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, K.525
Beethoven’s movement starts with the distinctive four note entry, and then proceeds to use that as the theme in the work. The rest of the movement is variations of the four note motif, whether it be aggressive (such as in the first two minutes or so of the song), or gentle (at about minute five of the song), or rapid and exciting. Each new section plays off the four note motif and develops in its own way, but stays true to the theme. Mozart treats his theme in much the same way in his movement. He starts off with a characteristic nine note theme, and then develops in in different parts of the song.
Around mid-1740s, the court of Mannheim introduced a fourth movement by inserting a minuet and trio before the finale. However, the later Mannheim composers returned to the standard three-movement styled symphony. A style change in individual movements during this time would be the use of sonata form with only a partial recapitulation as opposed to the full until the 1770s.