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Stages of child development in psychology
The process of socialization
The process of socialization
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On most days every human wakes up, and has multiple conversations with multiple different people. People may have conversations with classmates, coworkers, family member, and complete strangers. Becoming comfort with talking to strangers, or learning how to deal with society is a process called socialization. Socialization definition is “the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society (A-11).” Many different sociologists have theories that deal with socialization. One sociologist was Charles Cooley. He developed the many different theories which include the “looking glass theory” and “the ‘I’ and ‘Me’”. I personally agree and understand the “I” …show more content…
The other is someone besides yourself. This is devolved through three different stages, in which a child should go through to get socializing skills. To start the theory is the “play stage”. The “play stage” is when the child learns about status and roles. This stage to little kids many be known as “dress up”. The child learns about a certain status, and wants to play that certain role. As a young child, I wanted to be two things, a doctor and a teacher. My room had a desk in it, and also had a doctor’s coat. This is how I went through the play stage. Every child wants to be something different, but according to Cooley this stage is important because it helps a child learn how to react to different people and how they help. Next, is the game stage. The game stage is how a child learns how to react to different situations. This stage is important because a child learns how to react to other people’s reactions, and how everyone has different roles. The perfect example would be sports, during a sport a person has a team, and the child needs to learn how to play with the team. Learn their certain role and play that role within the team. This help stage helps prepare a child, to learn how to work with other. A person may not always get along with teammates, coworkers, or classmates but in this stage a person learns how to deal with them. It also helps a person that everyone has certain
Socialization is a lifelong process of acquiring one’s personal identity; when we interact within the four agents of socialization—family, school, media, and peer groups—we internalize norms, values, behavior, and social skills. Since our values, norms, and beliefs about society are first learned with family, family is the most important and influential agent of socialization.
Social psychology is a scientific study that studies how people think, feel, and how they behave under the influence of other people (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2013, p. 2). Thinking about what social influence really means, we tend to think of a person who tries to persuade another person to acting a certain way. It can be a form of peer pressure, like taking that first puff of a cigarette, or it can be conforming to popular societal views, such as obeying the law of the land. Fiction is a great way to learn about social psychological perspectives. Watching popular theatrical films is the perfect way to learn because it illustrates the application of many perceptions within the subject of social psychology.
Political views are often influenced, developed and shaped by many aspects such as family, friends, school, and the media. Everyone has their own views whether it was taught or learned. That experience can either stick with you or one can begin to form their own views outside of what they are taught.
Personality is patterns of thinking, behavior and emotional responses that make up individuality over time. Psychologist attempt to understand how personality develops and its impact on how we behave. Several theories attempt to explain personality, using different approaches. The social-cognitive and humanistic approaches are two of many theories that attempt to explain personality. This essay will identify the main concepts of social-cognitive and humanistic approach, identify perspective differences and discuss approach limitations.
In Erickson’s Stage development there are eight stage theory of identity and psychosocial development. The first stage is Infancy, which is from birth to eighteen months old. Here is where we learn basic trust vs mistrust, in my personality I would say that the nurturing of my grandmother taught me how to be optimistic and confident in the world around me. As well as developed a sense of trust, in which it gave me hope when a new crisis arises in my next challenge. The second stage is Toddler/Early childhood years, which is from eighteen months to three years old. Here is where we learned Autonomy vs shame, in my personality I would say I am very independent and I pride on how much I accomplish, I was very rebellious as a toddler and always
As we get older our, views, and perspectives on relationships may change. An explanation for this is that we encounter different situations in different relationships. Some relationships may affect us more than others, and can even change the way we think and view things. However, we would have to evaluate our levels of communication with different people. The social penetration theory helps us to categorize the levels of interpersonal communication we have with others. Based on these levels, we are able to categorize the importance and meaning of the relationship. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of social penetration theory and how it applies to our lives.
Each stage must be properly negotiated before the individual can move to the next stage and manage it. The first stage is where the child or the individual learns basic trust versus basic mistrus...
A child is considered an infant from the age of 2 to 12 months. From 12 months to 36 months this is considered the toddler years where the cognitive, emotional, and social development is great. The social emotional development occurs during early childhood where children experience different moods as well as expanding their social world by learning more about their emotions and other people. The social emotional development is a child's way of understanding the feelings of others, controlling their own feelings and behaviors and getting along with peers. The key to a successful emotional and social development are positive relationship with trusting and caring adults. The social and emotional development in infants and toddlers can have negative
Initiative vs. Guilt that happens between 3 and 5 years is the stage that follows. During this stage, children take more initiative to engage with peers. Erikson explains that during this stage, if children are given the opportunity to take initiative, they will develop a sense of security in their ability to lead. The basic virtue at this stage is purpose. Industry vs. Inferiority, which happens between 5 and 12 years, emphasizes school and friendships.
The term socialization refers to the “lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture.” [Macionis et al. p 55] The concept of socialization is that our actions are driven/learned by culture. Socialization is also the foundation of personality, which we build by internalizing our surroundings. Through the lifelong process of socialization, society transmits culture from one generation to the next.
George Herbert Mead is a philosopher who coined the theory Genesis of the self. Mead, believes " the self develops through contact with others." Play Stage, as defined by George Ritzer is, "the first stage in the genesis of the self in which a child plays at being someone else." In play a child is acting out that of a role model in their life. Such example may include dressing up as parents, teachers, doctors, construction workers, police officers and so on. In an article called Genesis of the Self and Social Control by George Herbert Mead, it states "the child is acquiring the roles of those who belong to his society." This simply means, the child is imitating the roles of people around him/her in society and is putting themselves in place of those who fulfill this role hoping to imagine, and achieve them. According to the genesis of the self, play stage begins with simple gestures and gradually moves up in difficulty to running away when being chased or using symbols to interact. The different role playing a child goes through is what I am trying to symbolize with these pictures. Children learn, grow, act, and communicate through play. A child learns the way the world operates, by attempting to assume a role of an adult. Such examples may include play with a doll and dress up, which demonstrates a motherly roll. This involves taking care of the "baby, and feeding them, in addition to them looking the part.
The social environment has a massive influence on the physical and mental health of individuals. Legal dictionary defines social influence as “social influence occurs when one 's emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by others. Social influence takes many forms and can be seen in conformity, socialization, peer pressure, obedience, leadership, persuasion, sales, and marketing”, (2016). Environmental factors such as triggers also play major roles that affect and effect on how society approaches its environment and the challenges that are faced on a daily basis. Triggers included, but not limited to, are racism, bias, gender, suggestion, religion, poverty, education, economics, technology, music, products purchased and consumed. Schroder states social sciences are “ill-equipped to tackle environmental challenges confronting society”, because theoretical approaches provide little in coherent understanding centralized focus missed the bigger
Socialization is defined as the process by which an individual internalizes the norms, values and beliefs of their social world. The socialization process occurs throughout the life course of the individual and is influenced by agents of socialization, which include a variety of social institutions and daily social interactions. Some examples of such agents are peers,family, neighborhood,sports, schools, religion, the workplace, and especially the mass media. Socialization agents in your life shapes, develops, and help highlight who you are as a person. The agents of socialization that have molded and shaped my life through high school and college are family,school,neighborhood..These agents have have helped me become who I am today and has
Social cognitive theory is the study on how an individual stores, processes, and applies information about others in their everyday life. It was first known as the “Social Learning Theory”, and was later changed to the term known today as the “Social Cognitive Theory”. The definition of social cognition is defined as any cognitive process that involves one or more than one person. While the definition of cognition is unconscious process in the brain that bring about representations. Social cognition purpose is to study social knowledge, social structure, group behavior, social influences, social categories (age, race, sex) defines a person. (Science Direct) Social cognition is thought to be the outcome of social interactions. One will learn by observing others, this is known as vicarious learning. For example, one is more likely to follow another’s behavior if they can identify with them, whether it be personality wise, age proximity, and more. (Verywell)
Recognizing the influence of culture is an important aspect for social workers when working with diverse populations. The client is a 30-year-old single African-American (AA) single woman with a child. Culture identifies a set of values and beliefs in a community and its corresponding worldview. As the AA culture has been forced to assimilate into the dominant culture, their own culture has been slowly forgotten. The client has deep roots to her ancestors and has mainstreamed into a new dimension. The client is reconnecting with her Baptist faith as she has lost the support from spiritual leaders. “African-Americans have developed abilities and coping mechanisms to deal with racism, and they rely on their social systems that have been perfected over the generations” (Marsiglia & Kulis, 2009, p. 187). The client represents a very diverse cultural group and the intersection of social class and gender which contributes to her oppression. The client is a single AA female with a son, living in poverty, lack of education, unemployed, with a felony charge, and receiving cash assistance from the state to support her son.