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Critique of social learning theory
Conceptual framework of study habits
Critique of social learning theory
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Social Learning Theory suggests that human behavior is learned as individuals interact with their environments. For middle school students, a great deal of their time is spent in school. The goal of middle school is not only to help students do well academically, but also to help them develop social skills. Middle school students learn many of their behaviors from their classmates and teachers. Social Learning Theory can be used to help students to develop appropriate social skills and behaviors.
Researchers who have supported or used Social Learning Theory
Clark Hull examined the work of Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike and others to propose a theory of behavioral learning that ultimately influenced the development of the more formal social
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How well the observer is able to pay attention depends on how attractive the behavior being viewed is to them (Grusec, 1992). For example, when attempting to acquire the attention of a class of middle school students, it is wise to move around, use supplementary audio and video, and use language they can understand and relate to. These actions will encourage the students to focus on the behavior they are meant to view.
The second component involves the observer being able to retain the observed behavior. A statement of a verbal representation of the observed behavior acknowledges that the behavior was retained (Grusec, 1992). For example, after watching a video about the consequences of bullying, a middle school student might verbalize that they learned that they should not bully other students because the bullied student might cry. This statement shows that they retained the behavior they observed.
The third component involves the observer putting their retained knowledge to action by behaving in a way that is similar to what they observed (Grusec, 1992). In the example in which the middle school class watches a video about bullying, this step might involve a student helping a classmate up when they fall instead of laughing at them. This action shows that the student paid attention and retained the observed
In the video footage they are studying Science with a concentration on speaking, listening, and viewing. During this lesson they learned to maintain eye contact with their speaker, engage in active listening, and keep still.
When students learn about social behavior and relationships it is easier to understand why the behavior of other people is different from others. Our society has many ways of socializing with people around us, and getting to know the right way is an important factor. Everyone in our society has their own behavioral reaction to things and other people, therefore knowing how to react to any type of behavior, and not bring up a problem is something very important. If students are able to understand all the different ways in which they can socialize with others, then it will allow them to feel more comfortable with
Social learning theory was first developed by Robert L. Burgess and Ronald L Akers in 1966 (Social Learning theory, 2016). In 1973, Akers wrote a book entitled Deviant Behaviour: A Social Learning Approach, which discussed Aker’s conception of the social learning theory. He developed social learning theory by extending Sutherland’s theory of differential association (Cochran & Sellers, 2017). Social learning theory is based on the principles of Pavlov’s operant and classical conditioning. Akers believes that crime is like any other social behavior because it is learned through social interaction (Social Learning theory, 2016). Social learning theory states that the probability of an individual committing a crime or engaging in criminal behaviour is increased when they differentially associate with others who commit criminal behavior (Cochran & Sellers, 2017). Social learning theory is classified as a general theory of crime, and has been used to explain many types of criminal behaviour (Social Learning theory, 2016). Furthermore, social learning theory is one of the most tested contemporary theories of crime. There are four fundamental components of social learning theory; differential association, definitions, differential reinforcement and imitation (Social Learning theory,
Social Learning Theory. (n.d.). In University of South Alabama. Retrieved February 13, 2011, from http://www.southalabama.edu/oll/mobile/theory_workbook/social_learning_theory.htm
In today’s society, individuals have a propensity to follow the ideas of others rather than create their own. Our society will not wear any article of clothing that is not in style or approved by their peers are even are scared of what others may say or think about them. Today’s Classrooms are filled with children who are too concerned, or terrified of being wrong and rather choose not to raise their hands in attempts to answer a question or even read a book aloud to the class for fear of someone making fun of them. When a student or two finally muster up the courage necessary to raise their hands in efforts at answering a question, eventually other fellow classmates will begin to follow. This is what Social Learning Theory entails.
In 1977, Psychologist Albert Bandura adopted the Social Learning Theory making it an influential and important theory. Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning capabilities. Bandura argued that individuals could learn new information and behavior by watching other individuals and the type of leanings can be explained by a wide variety of behaviors. This theory acknowledges that just because something has been learned, it does not mean that it will result in a change in behavior. However, the influence from others can cause a change in
- - -. “Social-learning Theory:Observing and Imitating Models.” Human Development. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1992. 213-14. Print.
London: Hogarths. Henry, S., & Charles, M. (1982). Social Learning Theory -. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 3 (4), 55-62. Rule, A. Ed. -. (2009).
The definition of the social learning theory is People learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors. “Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.” (Learning Theories Knowledgebase ). Most people learn through watching other. As a child, we learn by mocking what we have observed repeatedly. This is how we learn to walk, talk, speak, and to feed ourselves. We also learn social skills from the people around us. We learn right from wrong, we learn what is acceptable in our everyday lives. We also learn societal norms. Most children learn social norms from the family structure. If the family structure is broken or not complete it may cause problems for the children. If the family has only one parent then the family unit suffers. If the child is part of a family that has deviant problems then the child learns that these problems are the norm. This could lead to the child to think that drinking or drugs are normal. It is also a factor if the child observes crime in the family unit. The child learns that crime is normal until they run up against society who states otherwise.
Social Learning Theory- is learned by observing others in social situations, especially the family and the media, and by perceiving the benefits or rewards to the behavior (Isaacs, 2000).
One factor that affects observational learning is “Skilled vs. Unskilled model.” An example of this is having model who is really good at what they model and never mess up or those who are not pros at what they are modeling but succeed and miss sometimes. Such as learning how to throw free throws you can watch a professional basketball player shoot and also just a person who never played but make some baskets and also miss some baskets. Watching the skilled player, the observer learns what is required for positive results while watching the unskilled player you learn both what one would need to do to get positive results as well as what one should not do to avoid negative results. Another factor that affects observational learning is “Difficulty of the Task”. The more difficult the task the less learning occurs, but sometimes observing a model perform a difficult task improves likelihood of success. In the example of the children and the mats it explains how when there was a more complicated task children did better when they saw the task being performed than those who didn’t. A third factor that affected observational learning is “Consequences of Observed Acts”. An example of this is when children saw an adult hitting an inflated doll and getting praised for example “Good for you! I guess you really fixed him that time” and also some of the children watching the adult hit the same inflated doll but this time getting criticized. The children who observed the adult that
Social cognitive theory of learning is a theoretical perspective that focuses on learning by observing others and eventually assuming control over one’s own behavior (Ormrod, 2011, p.323). Social cognitive theory is a perspective that helps us understand about learning by observing other people doing the same thing. This theory is a blend of behaviorism and cognitive psychology (Ormrod, 2011). Behaviorism theory relates to learning as a stimulus- response relationship and suggests that learning involves a behavior change whereas according to social cognitive theory learning is an internal process that may or may not lead to a behavior change. For example one might attempt to ride a bicycle as soon as they learn to ride the bicycle but learning how to put air in the bike may not be needed until the bicycle need air.
... the self-efficacy and self-esteem of certain individuals, leading to more satisfying and fulfilling life that is built on better personality traits, I feel that Social Learning Theory can be applied to many situations.
Since very early childhood, children are encouraged to socialize with other people to be able to learn all kinds of different skills. They start socializing with their parents to learn all the basic things such as learning to walk and talk and then move on to socialize with different family members and friends to learn how to have better social skills. As they grow up they learn how to do things by watching the people around them who influence them the most and then they proceed to try and mimic what they see. Albert Bandura called this the Social Learning Theory, saying that people learn how to do things by observing others. As the child grow, it learns what is right from wrong, but what happens when the child starts going to school and learning
Social skills play a very crucial part in the existence of every individual. This is for the simple reason that the level unto which the social skills a person(s) has, generally describes the level of co-existence that prevail in that given environment (Sussman, 2012). The way a person describes scenarios, solves problems, analyzes situations as well as the overall communication, all form the basis of social skills. According to Jean Piaget’s theory of social (cognitive) development, it is expected that individuals should be mentally or physically prepared to face the realities of the world. It is also important to keep in mind that these skills would be effective when they are learned in early stages of life. Therefore, social skills should grow and develop when one is in the early years of life.