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Nature vs nurture developmental theory
Nature vs nurture theory paper
Theories abou nature vs nurture
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To say of something is “socially constructed” is to emphasize the contingent aspects of our social selves. It is to say: This “thing” could have not existed had we not built it. Had we had a different kind of society, needs, values, or even interests, we might not have built a different kind of “thing”, or even built it differently. Something that naturally exists is independently on us and how we had the power to shape it. There are many things, and facts that are socially constructed in the sense of specified core idea; money, citizenship, and newspapers. None of these would have existed if it was not for society and each could have been constructed differently if we chose to. Social construction of reality is a theory of knowledge that …show more content…
Since the 1950s, human behavior and the mental process of an individual or group, has developed into a constructive theory of personality. Therefore, it represents one of the first attempts to appreciate nature of experience and the meaning people give to their experience. Our behavior is determined by the concept of nature and nurture. Nature determine who we are by our genetics and how we are born, whereas nurture determines who we are by our environment and how we shaped by our surroundings. The analysis of everyday life, or rather the subjective experience of everyday life, refrains from any causal genetic hypothesis and the status of analyzing. With analyzing comes consciousness, which is always intentional. It always intends or is directed towards objects and people. The object of consciousness is experienced as belonging to an external physical world in reality. For example, if you are viewing a panorama of New York City you become conscious of the anxiety that went on years ago. If you specifically geared your attention towards the Empire State Building, this would differ your awareness of anxiety. A detailed analysis would uncover various layers of experience and the different structures of meaning involved in, say, being bitten by a dog would change as well. Remembering you were bit by a dog could possibly give you the phobia about having or seeing dogs. The function on the basis of an action …show more content…
Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by values and standards of one’s culture. This results in viewing and interpreting someone. Societal problems such as intimacy, family, education is a fundamental role of the situation when detecting a social world. In class, there was an article about a Danish woman who left her baby outside a shop in New York City. Someone called the Police on her because they saw an unattended baby. As Americans, we are shocked by someone leaving her baby unattended in a busy city. We so no stop to think that the rule of never leaving your baby is socially constructed. We also do not stop to think that other cultures might do it differently and that are multiple ways of constructing reality. We only know the reality that we have grown up in. In Denmark, it is socially acceptable to leave your baby unattended outside a shop or restaurant. One analogy of cultural differences is a fish bowl. Fish only know what is is their fish bowl. If a fish ever only ever lived in water that was tainted green, and you moved it into a clear water bowl, it would be shocked by the clear water. It would not know that the water was tainted green but it would seem that the new water was tainted clear. It is easy to assume the other colors of water is strange when we only know the waters that we grew up in. The water might have different qualities, but the water is the same livable water. We are all
Ethnocentrism by definition is the “evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of
The debate of nature vs. nurture continues today in the world of psychology. The effects of an individual’s genetics and the effects of their environment on their personality and actions is an age old debate that is still inconclusive. However, it is evident that both sides of the argument carry some form of the truth. It can be contended that the major characteristics of an individual are formed by their environment, more specifically, their past experiences. An individual’s past moulds and shapes their identity, if they do not make an effort to move on from it.
Ethnocentrism is defined as the process of ignoring other cultures, and specifically focusing on the culture one is accustomed to.
Each culture has a certain level of ethnocentrism which can have positive and negative consequences. Ethnocentrism provides a feeling of unwillingness to change one’s culture or specific institution by placing them in a box. They can only see things through their specific lens and when something differs from what they know, they believe that it is a violation of the ways things should be. They become ignorant of the cultures that they may be right in the middle of by comparing them to the culture that they are familiar with and grading it on a scale. This causes a level of unwillingness to change institutions within a society because they are the standard. This makes it exceedingly difficult to relate to other people and the world as a whole because when someone is always trying to look at something while envisioning it as something else; they will never fully see the beauty of what they are observing. They limit their own experience for the sake of comfort and security, for the safety found within the familiar. Ethnocentrism is the safety blanket for many people yet the enervation that prevents them from fully experiencing the world and all of its different
Social Construct influences the extent in which we are healthy and physically active. It determines how we use health services, recreational facilities and sporting opportunities to our benefits. It also guides our response to health and physical activity challenges and how an individual views health as a social construct.
Ethnocentrism can be defined as an individual’s belief that the ethnic group or cultural they identify with is superior to all others. “The ethnocentric person judges other groups and other cultures by the standards of his or her own group” (Schaefer 34).
Ethnocentrism is when one culture judge’s another culture by the standard of their own (Health, 2001). Stereotypes, biases, and prejudices against other people are all in a sense a form of ethnocentrism (Astle, Barton, Johnson, & Mill, 2014). It is okay to be proud of your own culture, but you need to remember to do so in such a way, that you are not putting down any other culture (Arnold, 2016).
A Comparison of the Main Approaches to Personality Psychology Psychology of personality is a difficult concept to define and quantify, therefore most personality theories, however different they may be in other respects, share the basic assumption, that personality is a particular pattern of behaviour and thinking, that prevails across time and situations and differentiates one person from another. Most theories attempting to explain personality represent part of the classic psychological Nature verse Nurture debate. In other words, is personality “inherited”, or developed through our interactions with the environment. In addition, we shall compare and contrast two of the main approaches to personality psychology by concentrating on Psychoanalytical Theory (Freud) and Social Learning Theory (Bandura). By looking at the Psychodynamic approach, developed by Freud, we can argue that it emphasizes the interplay of unconscious psychological processes in determining human thought, feelings, and behaviours.
External to society is the actual pressures from the community to conform to the collective. For example, ways of thinking, acting and feeling are external to society. Social facts exist externally to us and compel people to behave in a unified way, with norms that are constructed by society. These facts are recognizable through power that the external persuasion has, which can be exercised over an individual.
...d not develop into the social beings that we are intended and in fact that society demands us to be. While social structures do affect us, they are not the main “building blocks” required to develop us as socially functional individual identities.
Ethnocentrism, as stated above, means the belief that one’s own culture is above and beyond all other cultures. Although this is somewhat of a shallow definition, it still provides an adequate explanation of a very complex issue. We see ethnocentrism every single day, in all aspects of life. The United States of America is a prime example of ethnocentrism is action. The people of this country have a tendency to disregard other cultures, instead believing that American culture is the only way to go. This is not to say that this is how everyone thinks, although most people, at one time or another, have had thoughts along these lines.
...theories of nature and nurture as a precursor of personality may enable an individual to obtain a clear perspective of its evolution. However, in the study of personality, it is very important to understand the different theoretical approaches within its realm. It is important for the same reason that not one person is the same and neither are personalities; and for the very same reason why personality theorist’ differ when describing the concept and nature of humanity.
The first core concept suggested by the web article depicts human development forming from the interplay of an individual’s biology and experience. Early scientists in this particular field created testable hypotheses to understand the dynamic interaction between the nature-nurture phenomenon. Nobel Prize winner Ivan Pavlov’s and North American scientist B.F. Skinner’s research in behaviorism contain principles in classical and operant conditioning which can help further explain this occurrence.
... its proper expressions, structure and grammar. Moreover, each language is linked to a specific dialect which is associated with educational, economic, social and historical conditions. Moreover, cultural variations also exist in the rules for general discourse in oral communication. Similar to verbal communication, there are also variations in non-verbal communication between cultures. Gestures, facial expressions, sense of time and personal distance take different forms in different cultures. Furthermore, there is an infinite number of cultural diversities which are at the root of intercultural miscommunication. Variations in values , social relationships, religion, economy and politics consist of only a few of these diversities. These differences can be the source of ethnocentrism, if one becomes over patriotic in regards to one’s own culture. Ethnocentrism, is the concept which states that we tend to judge other cultures through our own. Ethnocentric behavior, can cause racism and chauvinism, as in the case of the Second World War. However, intercultural problems can be avoided if we all develop mindfulness, a sense of flexibility and seek information about the other culture.
Personality is the expression of a person’s traits according to ones feelings, mentality and behavior. It involves understanding individuals’ traits such as withdrawal and willpower and how various parts of an individual link together to form personality. Personality expresses itself from within an individual and is comparatively regular throughout in an individual’s life. Different people have different personalities dependent on factors such as environment and genetic composition. Our personality is dependent on the success or failure of our development in the eight stages of life. This is proposed by Erik Erikson. Success in the development stages lead to virtues while the failure leads to malignancies.