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Concentration camps during ww2
Concentration camps during ww2
Survival rate in Nazi concentration camps
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There was a special “concentration” camp established in March of 1942, located in the Lublin district of Poland (Telegraph). The prisoners in this special camp were very sly and devious. Even though they were separated from their families they were very tenacious people. Through all the treacherous and grueling pain they went through they never gave up hope. The prisoners at Sobibor were treated terribly in these ghastly conditions of the camp, able to fabricate classified plans, and elude this extermination camp.
Sobibor was an extermination camp protected by woods, and built close to a railroad, which meant prisoners were imported frequently. The camp was fully enclosed by 3 rows of barbed wire to keep the Jewish prisoners from escaping the smallest camp in Poland, that only measured 1,300x2,000 feet. When prisoners arrived at Sobibor most of them were sent directly to the gas chamber. Sobibor was executing so many Jews, that within the first two months of establishment they had already killed over 10,000 Jews (History Learning). When a Jew arrived at Sobibor, there life expectancy was only 3 more hours. Sobibor is not where you wanted to be if you were a Jew.
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During March of 1942 Sobibor was established as an extermination camp and the Jews knew about this gruesome camp. There was a very brutal man in charge of this camp, named Franz Stangl, who had some very devoted SS officers, and some very devious plans of execution of Jews. One thing about these officers is that they weren’t prepared for what was about to happen. The prisoners in the camp came together to make plans on how to escape. They kept this a very secret operation and only told a few prisoners about the plan, so word wouldn’t get out and it be a bust. The main question the Jewish prisoners were asking was...would the plan work or would this be their death sentence? On October 14, 1943 these undisclosed plans were set into action. Two SS officers were shot in a surprise attack by a few Jewish prisoners, while carelessly cleaning their boots. The Jews involved in the raid took and striped the two men of their weapons. 600-700 Jews attempted the escape that day, but only about 50 succeeded (Escape from Sobibor, 47) . 300 Jewish prisoners were killed directly in the attempted escape, and many were hunted down and executed later in the wooded area that surrounded the camp. This specific escape went down in history as one of the largest escapes during the Holocaust. Although the prisoners at Sobibor were treated terribly, they were able to make secret plans and escape the awful conditions of this extermination camp.
Considering Sobibor was only in existence for a mere 18 months they managed to kill over 250,000 Jews (File Escape) in that ephemeral amount of time. Sobibor was 1 of a group of 4 extermination camps in this area, where there only goal was to annihilate Jews. These prisoners will killed in brutal and disgusting ways, whether it be gas chamber, firing squad, or just plan out starvation they were very vigorous minded people. They managed to work together to make these secret and devious plans. Most of all they were able to succeed, break through the barbed wire, and beat the odds of escape. Sobibor wasn’t only a concentration camp...it was a DEATH
camp.
There are unexpected aspects of life in the camp depicted in “This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlement” by Tadeusz Borowski. The prisoners were able to make very obvious improvements to their lived in the camp, without reaction by the SS officers; the market was even made with the support of the camp. The prisoners actually hoped for a transport of prisoners, so as to gain some supplies. The true nature of the camp is never forgotten, even in better moments at the camp.
In this paper, we will explore the camp that is Bergen-Belsen and its workers, the camp system, liberation and trial. The notorious detention camp, Bergen-Belsen, was constructed in 1940 and “was near Hanover in northwest Germany, located between the villages Bergen and Belsen” (jewishvirtuallibrary.org), hence the name. Originally, the “camp was designed to hold 10,000 prisoners” (jewishvirtuallibrary.org) but, Bergen-Belsen rapidly grew. “In the first eighteen months of existence, there were already five satellite camps.” (holocaustresearchproject.org).
“If there is a God, he will have to beg my forgiveness.” (Quote from concentration) This quote was carved into the wall by a Jewish prisoner. Kaiserwald was one of many concentration camps used for the destruction of the Jewish race during the holocaust.
Occurring in 1942, the Germans believe they have built an ‘escape proof’ camp in which they plan to house their most troublemaking prisoners. What they do not realize, is that they have put all of their greatest masterminds in one place and allowed them to speak to one another. If unable to escape, the prisoners believe it is their job to make the German officials pay as much attention to their confinement as possible and away from other military expenditures. Unlike previous escape plans from the past, Royal Air Force Squadron Leader, Bartlet, plans a massive escape of 250 men through a series of tunnels.
While being forced to live in Auschwitz they endured many cruel and harsh punishments. The main form of punishment was the gas chambers. These chambers were cells that were made underground and were able to be sealed. Zyklon-B was the poison used to gas and kill the Jewish people. “It takes about 10 minutes to kill 2,000 to 3,000 people in the gas chamber.” (Saldinger p.57) After gassing they would then be extracted from the chamber and taken to the crematorium where the bodies would be disposed of. Sometimes it wasn’t even the guards who would dispose of the bodies, most of the time it was the prisoners who were forced to extract their own people from the chambers. This was just one of the many forms of punishment; there were many more and some were just as bad.
In 1933, Heinrich Himmler, the Chief of Police in Munich at the time, conversed with officials of a abandoned gunpowder factory, later, Himmler traveled to this factory to see if it could hold prisoners. In that same year, the first elimination camp was opened. The building of Dachau, concentration camp, led to the construction of hundreds of other camps used to eliminate the Jews.
Prisoners and concentration camps A. The Gestapo and the Thought Police B. Disappearance and re-education of people C. Concentration and extermination camps
Following the beginning of the Second World War, Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany and Joseph Stalin’s Soviet Union would start what would become two of the worst genocides in world history. These totalitarian governments would “welcome” people all across Europe into a new domain. A domain in which they would learn, in the utmost tragic manner, the astonishing capabilities that mankind possesses. Nazis and Soviets gradually acquired the ability to wipe millions of people from the face of the Earth. Throughout the war they would continue to kill millions of people, from both their home country and Europe. This was an effort to rid the Earth of people seen as unfit to live in their ideal society. These atrocities often went unacknowledged and forgotten by the rest of the world, leaving little hope for those who suffered. Yet optimism was not completely dead in the hearts of the few and the strong. Reading Man is Wolf to Man: Surviving the Gulag by Janusz Bardach and Survival in Auschwitz by Primo Levi help one capture this vivid sense of resistance toward the brutality of the German concentration and Soviet work camps. Both Bardach and Levi provide a commendable account of their long nightmarish experience including the impact it had on their lives and the lives of others. The willingness to survive was what drove these two men to achieve their goals and prevent their oppressors from achieving theirs. Even after surviving the camps, their mission continued on in hopes of spreading their story and preventing any future occurrence of such tragic events. “To have endurance to survive what left millions dead and millions more shattered in spirit is heroic enough. To gather the strength from that experience for a life devoted to caring for oth...
"Gestapo Torture of Jews in Warsaw Prisons Reported, List of Guilty Nazis Published." . The Global Jewish News Source , 19 October 1942. Web. 10 Dec 2013. .
Even when US troops liberated the Buchenwald and Dachau concentration camps, the stories still never made it to the front page of the paper and people still did not believe in the reliability of the stories (Leff 52). In 1943, a survey w...
“Concentration camps (Konzentrationslager; abbreviated as KL or KZ) were an integral feature of the regime in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945. The term concentration camp refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy” (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum). The living conditions in these camps were absolutely horrible. The amount of people being kept in one space, amongst being unsanitary, was harsh on the body. “A typical concentration camp consisted of barracks that were secured from escape by barbed wire, watchtowers and guards.
form of hard labor, for weeks or months. Auschwitz was the end of the line
The camps were divided into four basic categories: the four killing centers, the official concentration camps, the official reception and holding center, and a unique fortress town at Theresienstadt.2 Obviously, the killing centers had the greatest death rate. They "were only killing centers – they had no other function. The prisoners there did not die on the way to death—they were killed".3 The four killing centers were Chlemo, Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka. Chlemo did not have crematories; they used the woods for mass graves. Belzec used diesel-run gas chambers, but they took a long time and were not very efficient. Sobibor also made use of gas chambers and mass graves. The most efficient of all the killing centers was Treblinka. Treblinka took note of the other camps mistakes and became quite an efficient killing center. Treblinka was able to destroy one million humans in a matter of twelve months.4 The official concentration camps were divided into labor/extermination complexes and...
The Holocaust was a very hard period of time for Jews from 1933-1945. The Final Solution called for the removal of Jews and other undesirables from their homes and eventually moving them to concentration camps in big crowded cattle cars. There were really only two possible options for these prisoners which included being executed in the gas chambers. Concentration camps were a place for Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, and the disabled to be held and put to work. They were brought to concentration camps because they did not meet Hitler's standards. There were many different ways prisoners were executed including being experimented on, thrown into fires, shot, and gassed.
To understand why such an escape from a concentration camp was so successful, it is necessary to look at the persons involved and the motivations that drove the prisoners to attempt such an audacious plan. Of all the prisoners who were crucial in implementing the escape from Sobibor, a few were the principle decision makers and key pegs that could decide the fate of an operation that would most certainly fail. The pivotal players were Leon Feldhendler (leader of The Organization), Alexander Pechersky (Russian POW and mastermind of escape, and who I like to call “The Indispensables” or the kids like Shlomo Szmajzner and Thomas Platt who were given privileged or special access within the camp for their special technical skills.