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Dachau In 1933, Heinrich Himmler, the Chief of Police in Munich at the time, conversed with officials of a abandoned gunpowder factory, later, Himmler traveled to this factory to see if it could hold prisoners. In that same year, the first elimination camp was opened. The building of Dachau, concentration camp, led to the construction of hundreds of other camps used to eliminate the Jews. The Dachau concentration camp originally held political prisoners, but was made larger to incorporate forced labor and the extermination of the Jewish people. In November 1938, the prohibitive measures against German Jews that had been instituted since Hitler came to power took a violent and deadly turn during “Kristallnacht” (“Crystal Night” or “Night of …show more content…
Broken Glass”). On the evening of November 9, synagogues in Germany and Austria were burned and Jewish homes, schools and businesses were vandalized. Over 30,000 Jews were arrested and dispatched to Dachau and the Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen concentration camps. Nearly 11,000 Jews ended up in Dachau (History “Dachau” 1). In late 1939, during the early beginnings of World War 2, prisoners at Dachau were sent to Buchenwald and the concentration camps at Mauthausen and Flossenbuerg. During that time, Dachau was used as a training site for the newly made “Waffen-SS”, an elite SS combat unit whose troops also helped run concentration camps. Around this time, Hitler had come to the Nguyen 2 conclusion that prohibiting the daily activities of the Jewish in Germany would not resolve his “Jewish problem”, instead, he determined that the final solution would be the elimination of every Jew in Europe. Those also deemed for extermination were members of any group considered unfit to live in Nazi Germany, among them were artists, intellectuals and other independent thinkers: communists, Jehovah’s Witnesses and others who were ideologically opposed to the Nazi Party; homosexuals and others who were viewed as sexually deviant; Gypsies; the physically and mentally handicapped; and anyone else considered to be racially or physically impure. (Between 1941 and 1944, several thousand sick and handicapped Dachau prisoners were sent to a Nazi “euthanasia” center in Hartheim, Austria, where they were put to death by exposure to lethal gas). Many thousands of Catholic clergy members were also sent to Dachau, such priests and clerics like Titus Brandsma and MichaÅ‚ Kozal were killed by lethal injection. By early 1940, Dachau had been reconverted into a concentration camp (History “Dachau” 2). The camp had horrible living conditions, the people were exposed to brutal treatment and severe punishment. Over the years of its operation, from 1933 to 1945, thousands of Dachau prisoners died of disease, malnutrition and overwork. Thousands more were executed for infractions of camp rules(History 3). Stated earlier, Dachau prisoners were used as forced laborers. At first, they were employed in the operation of the camp, in various construction projects, and in small handicraft industries established in the camp. Prisoners built roads, worked in gravel pits, and drained marshes. During the war, forced labor utilizing concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important to German armaments production (“Dachau” 1). Nguyen 3 Starting in 1941, thousands of Soviet prisoners of war were sent to Dachau then shot to death at a nearby rifle range. In 1942, construction began at Dachau on Barrack X, a crematorium that eventually consisted of four sizeable ovens used to incinerate corpses. With the implementation in 1942 of Hitler’s “Final Solution” to systematically eradicate all European Jews, thousands of Dachau detainees were moved to Nazi extermination camps in Poland, where they died in gas chambers (History “Dachau” 4). The Nazis also used Dachau prisoners as subjects in brutal medical experiments. For example, inmates were obligated to be guinea pigs in a series of tests to determine the feasibility of reviving individuals immersed in freezing water. For hours at a time, prisoners were forcibly submerged in tanks filled with ice water. Many prisoners died during the process (History “Dachau” 5). In the last months of the war, the conditions at Dachau became even worse. As Allied forces advanced toward Germany, the Germans began to move prisoners in concentration camps near the front to more centrally located camps. They hoped to prevent the liberation of large numbers of prisoners. Transports from the evacuated camps arrived continuously at Dachau. After days of travel with little or no food or water, the prisoners arrived weak and exhausted, often near death. Typhus epidemics became a serious problem as a result of overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions, insufficient provisions, and the weakened state of the prisoners.Owing to continual new transportations from the front, the camp was constantly overcrowded and the hygiene conditions were beneath human dignity. Starting from the end of 1944 up to the day of Nguyen 4 liberation, 15,000 people died, about half of all victims in KZ Dachau. Five hundred Soviet POWs were executed by firing squad (“Dachau Concentration Camp” 1). The number of prisoners incarcerated in Dachau between 1933 and 1945 exceeded 188,000. The number of prisoners who died in the camp and the subcamps between January 1940 and May 1945 was at least 28,000, to which must be added those who perished there between 1933 and the end of 1939, as well as an uncounted number of unregistered prisoners. It is unlikely that the total number of victims who died in Dachau will ever be known (“Dachau” 2). The camp also indulged in over a hundred subcamps, these were made to accommodate mass labor in the camp. In the summer and fall of 1944, to increase war production, satellite camps under the administration of Dachau were established near armaments factories throughout southern Germany. Dachau alone had more than 30 large subcamps in which over 30,000 prisoners worked almost exclusively on armaments. Thousands of prisoners were worked to death (“Dachau” 3). The Dachau camp was a training center for SS concentration camp guards, and the camp’s organization and routine became the model for all Nazi concentration camps.
The camp was divided into two sections — the camp area and the crematoria area. The camp area consisted of 32 barracks, including one for clergy imprisoned for opposing the Nazi regime and one reserved for medical experiments. The camp administration was located in the gatehouse at the main entrance. The camp area had a group of support buildings, containing the kitchen, laundry, Nguyen 5 showers, and workshops, as well as a prison block (Bunker). The courtyard between the prison and the central kitchen was used for the summary execution of prisoners. An electrified barbed-wire fence, a ditch, and a wall with seven guard towers surrounded the camp (“Dachau Concentration Camp” 2) Looking at the methods used in the Dachau concentration camp, you can see their obvious influence on the future concentration camps used by the Nazi regime, overpopulation and disease were rampant, the S.S guards abused and killed thousands of Jews, all staples of the horrors the Nazis committed, hopefully, the world will never have to experience these atrocities
again.
Eventually, the “camp had eight sections: detention camp, two camps for women, a special camp, neutrals camp, ‘star camp’, Hungarian Camp, and a tent camp.” (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, p.165) It also held prisoners who were too ill/weak to work at the “convalescent camp” (Bauer, Yehuda, p.359) Each section had its own function and its type of prisoners. The “Detention camp housed Jewish prisoners brought in to construct the camp.”
“If there is a God, he will have to beg my forgiveness.” (Quote from concentration) This quote was carved into the wall by a Jewish prisoner. Kaiserwald was one of many concentration camps used for the destruction of the Jewish race during the holocaust.
Each camp was responsible for a different part, but all were after the same thing: elimination of the Jewish race. In these camps they had cruel punishments, harsh housing, and they had Nazi guards watching them and killing them on a daily basis. While being forced to live in Auschwitz, they endured many cruel and harsh punishments. The main form of punishment is the gas chambers. These chambers were cells that were made underground and were able to be sealed.
The first year that Dachau was open it housed about 4,800 prisoners. The number rose as the persecution of Jews increased. On November 10-11, 1938, more than 10,000 Jewish men were interned there. Dachau camp was also a training center for SS concentration camp guards. Because Dachau was the first regular concentration camp the way it was organized and the routine they had became a model for the many other concentration camps that were later made. Dachau had two sections, one was the crematories where many Jewish bodies were burned day and night 24/7 and the other which was the camp area. The camp area which was the second part of Dachau had 32 barracks, with one for those who opposed what the Nazi’s were doing, and another one that was for medical experiments. Administration...
In 1943 or as you may know it as The Holocaust, there were many different ways they executed the people at the Auschwitz camp, including hanging, shooting their heads or even letting them starve to death. But I'm not going to talk about them. This may tickle your fancy or wreck with your emotions after seeing the movie. I'm going to be talking about the Gas Chamber. The Gas Chamber is probably the worst place to be EVER, because you're going to be standing in a grey metal room ,butt naked surrounded by hundreds, even thousands of other people. Everyone is crammed inside the room as Cyclone B (a highly used deadly mixture) was sprayed into the room, causing you to either burn to death, or have to sit around dying slowly over an amount of days
In March of 1933 the first Nazi concentration camp was opened and by the end of World War II there was over 40,000 camps all together. While in these camps Jewish people were subjected to cruel and inhumane punishments
Dachau consisted of the main camp, thirty large sub camps, and about 150 branches that were located throughout Germany and Austria; the entire system was called Dachau. The main camp was comprised of two sections: the camp and the crematoria. There were thirty two barracks in the camp and supporting buildings containing: workshops, laundry, prison blocks, and kitchen areas. The administrative part of the camp was near the main entrance in the gatehouse. The camp was surrounded by a wall on which seven guards were posted, an electrified barbed wire fence, and a trenc...
“A typical concentration camp consisted of barracks that were secured from escape by barbed wire, watchtowers and guards. The inmates usually lived in overcrowded barracks and slept in bunk “beds”. In the forced labour camps, for
The"residence camp" started around April 1943 to April 1945, it was composed of 4 sub camps.
Having such large authority, Hitler persuaded the SS, police, SA, and the local civilian consultants to design and produce the first of many concentration camps located near Munich (Vasham). This building was used as a model for the other remaining 15,000 sites. These locations were constructed to conceal Jews, Homosexuals, gypsies, and the mentally ill along with Communist, Socialist, German liberals, and anyone who was considered an enemy of the Reich (Vasham). In 1939 there were six main sites, Dachau, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, Flossenbeurg, Mauthausen, and, for women, Ravensreuck. Each of these places held circa 25,000 prisoners that were surrounded by filth and bounded by barb wire on fences. The labor camps w...
form of hard labor, for weeks or months. Auschwitz was the end of the line
The first concentration camps were set up in 1933. Hitler established the camps when he came into power for the purpose of isolating, punishing, torturing, and killing anyone suspected of opposition against his regime. In the early years of Hitler's reign, concentration camps were places that held people in protective custody. These people in protective custody included those who were both physically and mentally ill, gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah Witnesses, Jews and anyone against the Nazi regime. By the end of 1933 there were at least fifty concentration camps throughout occupied Europe.
The Nazi soldiers arrested masses of male adult Jews and held them captive in camps for short periods of time. A death camp is a concentration camp designed with the intention of mass murder, using strategies such as gas chambers. Six death concentration camps existed: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka.... ... middle of paper ...
The concentration camp known as Belzic was a death camp that lasted between March 17,1942 to summer 1943. To operate this camp properly it had to be staffed by 20 SS men and 90 Ukrainians. This camp was not only for Jews, but also for gypsies that were considered unworthy. Jews were just told that they were going to relocate, but that wasn't the case. They believed they were going to be safe, but they ended up in the Belzec death camp.
Buchenwald Concentration camp was a labor camp that was open from July 1937 to April 1945. Buchenwald was opened in July of 1937 and was for male prisoners only. It is located on the Northern Slopes of Ettersburg, which is five miles from Weimer in East Central Germany. Buchenwald was a forced labor camp, prisoners were forced to work 12 - 14 hour days doing treacherous labor. Prisoners were forced to work in factories, in the German Equipt Works, and in workshops and in the camp's stone quarry. Prisoners received a scarce amount of food but when they did it was bread and/or soup, which gave the prisoners very few nutrients or energy to do these hard jobs which resulted in many deaths.