Rationale
As it’s considered the role of a teacher to embed Literacy, Language and Numeracy (LLN), session plans were produced with a range of activities in an effort to embed LLN successfully whilst ensuring inclusivity. Learning theories, models and frameworks of how people learn were taken into consideration when planning each of the lessons. Cognitive, emotional and environmental influences all play a vital part in how knowledge and skills are acquired and retained. (Schunk, 2013)
The use of Glossary of terms was one of the approaches chosen when embedding English into my session. As it recaps previous sessions and offers several benefits for the learner’s potential to progress academically. Simultaneously developing both the learners’ standard of English and ability to
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understand key words within the topic which they’re learning. familiarizing the learners with the terminology required will also remove any barriers to learning they may have faced in regards to language and literacy therefore ensuring moral and motivation isn’t effected in any negative way. This method also incorporates Bloom’s Taxonomy which is a model of learning that states there is a hierarchy which consists of 6 cognitive levels of complexity. These are; knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluating. It’s perceived to be a stairway, in order to attain the higher levels of thinking you must first master the ones below. In terms of relevance to the session I planned by providing them with a glossary of terms, in which they researched I am allowing them to achieve the first key stages of the model. It provides them with the knowledge of key words for the subject enabling them to acknowledge their meaning and how their applied within the subject. Problem based learning was used within my nutrition session when embedding mathematics as its naturally occurring within this subject. Learners were provided with equations and handouts which enabled them to use mathematics to analyse how many calories they should be consuming on a daily basis and compare them to how many they actually consumed. As the task was specific to each individual this helped them value it more ensuring they were intrinsically motivated to partake in the tasks involving a substantial amount of mathematics. The task set coincides with Bruner’s (1961) theory of discovery learning, which is an inquiry based constructivist learning theory which takes places in problem solving situations were learners draw on previous knowledge to discover new facts and relationships. (Bruner 1961) Bruner (1961) stated that the purpose of education is not to impart knowledge but instead it is to facilitate the learners thinking and problem solving skills which can then be transferred to a range of situations[1]. The foundations of Bruner’s theories were that students are active learners who construct their own knowledge through problem based actives thus allowing them to discover it rather than being taught it. This can be seen within my session were I gave the learners bits of information such as the equations and calorie tables enabling the learners to discover the relationship between the bits of information they were given. Both of the previous activates mentioned also incorporates Lave and Wenger’s Situated Learning Theory (SLT) their research built upon John Dewey and Lev Vygotsky who put forth students were more likely to learn if they were active partakers in their learning.
Situated cognition theory considers learning as a sociocultural phenomenon instead of the learners acquiring general information from a decontextualized body of knowledge (Kirshner and Whitson 1997). SLT contends that the acquisition of knowledge is situated and embedded within activity, context and culture. The theory also proposed that learning is often unintentional rather than deliberate and referred to as a process of “legitimate peripheral participation” (Lave et el 1990). Within the further education and skills sector to situate learning means to create the environments in which the learners will experience the complexity and ambiguity of learning in the real world. SLT puts forward that learning is primarily a matter of creating meaning from the activities in which they partake. Stating we do so by embedding subject matter within the context of activates knowledge is then acquired and conceptualised Lave and Wenger
1991).
In examining the military history, one can easily find out that the main role of military leaders in the field is to decrease confusion and to guide units to achieve the desired end state. In accomplishing these tasks, Situational Understanding and Visualization have become necessary steps especially in today’s complex environment. This importance legitimates the question about their relationship between these two steps and the challenges facing leaders to achieve situational understanding and visualization. Commander’s visualization depends on Situational understanding. Leader’s success in these two phases remains conditioned by overcoming some challenges related to his bias, time and the efficiency of his staff.
For this assignment, I completed a survey to assess my school’s literacy program by using a survey that was adapted from by Patty, Maschoff, & Ransom (1996) to analyze the instructional program and the school’s infrastructure. To be able to answer my survey, I needed to go colleagues of mine in the English Department and to my administration to help with these questions. Being a math teacher, we hardly ever discuss the literacy and the students’ acquisition of it in our department meeting during staff development days. Since I am not truly current with literacy acquisition in education, I am hoping to understand more from this process so I can help all my students. I want them to be able to read texts related to math and find information that will be useful to them during the year.
Additionally, literacy does not only refer to reading. Literacy also refers to writing, discussing, and becoming fluent in the specific subject area. The original curriculum for my Hebrew reading classes only covered decoding. Yet, as I personalized my classes more, I began incorporating other aspects of literacy, including comprehension, writing, and discussion, and I noticed a vast improvement in my students’ overall learning. With my math students, too, as I incorporated different aspects of literacy related to my students’ personal learning styles, I noticed further
Students increasingly demand a type of education that allows them to update their knowledge when necessary and to continue to do so throughout their working lives (McIntosh, & Varoglu, 2005; Tomlinson, 2007). The debates on lifelong learning and learning skills continue to emphasize independent and self-directed learning as a central need (Strivens & Grant, 2000). The ability to engage in critical self-assessment is viewed as a meta-skill that would aid students in managing their general life both during and after university (Knight & Yorke, 2002). Based on this view, suggestions are raised to educational institutions concerning learning cultures that help students know what they are learning and why and how to develop the claims to achievement that make them more successful. Teachers are expected to design promising learning environments and help students discover what they afford, what might be learned, how and why (Knight & Yorke, 2003). According to the authors (Strivens and Grant, 2000), if learners have an accurate awareness of their levels of achievement in skills, in conjunction with a desirable skill profile for a job or a range of jobs, they will be able to recognize when and where they need to improve their level of skill. It has also been
At the beginning of each unit a vocabulary list is given out, and as the vocabulary is gone over within the lessons emphasis will be placed as to where the students may find the terms on the vocabulary list.
Literacy is defined as “the ability to use available symbol systems that are fundamental to learning and teaching for the purposes of comprehending and composing, for the purposes of making and communicating meaning and knowledge” (Stock, 2012), and it is one of the most essential skills that an early year student will learn. Literacy serves to provide the building blocks for the continued knowledge acquisition and general education of individuals of all ages; by working to understand and identify how and why literacy is taught using the structured literacy block format in Australian schools, and in identifying the benefits of utilizing this type of tool for teaching literacy in student’s early years, it will be possible to gain a better understanding of the organization, planning, and teaching approaches that are used in a literacy block approach. A sample standard literacy block will be provided, offering the means of understanding the applications of the tool, which will serve to further stress the necessity of this tool’s usage.
Observational learning is a type of learning that is done by observing the actions of others. It describes the process of learning by watching others, retaining what was learned, and
First and foremost, Jones and McLachlan (2009) argue that the acquisition of a new language within the classroom setting is best achieved when key linguistic competences such as, speaking, listening, writing and reading are interlinked to create a whole language experience (Jones and Coffey 2013; Kirsch 2008). Gardner (1983) researched into cognitive processes and suggested in his seminal theory that there is the existence of seven forms of intelligence, which are regularly targeted within the MFL lessons, such as kinaesthetic, visual, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, logical and verbal-linguistic learning (Goswami and Bryant 2007; Jones and Coffey 2013; White 2005). This suggests that if teachers provide opportunities for the pupils to access and participate in the learning, and make available ample opportunities for pupils to contribute their understanding (McCallum et al. 2000; Pachler et al. 2007) that children can be assessed using different assessment strategies suited to the learning style (LGfL 2011). As a result the scheme of work (Appendix 1) adopts a range of kinaesthetic, visual, audible learning strategies throughout and using a range of resources also allows assessment to consider the l...
Richards, J. C., Platt, J., & Plat, H. (2000). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied linguistics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Situative and other sociocultural perspectives on learning construe knowing as fundamentally social Discourse to Enhance Formative Assessment and Practice (Gutierrez & Rogoff, 2003; Lave & Wenger, 1991) and view participation in discourse, for example, as primary characterization of learning and knowing. In this sense, enhancing participation in discursive practices is learning and not simply something that supports learning. In this article, authors draw on Hickey, et. al.' sociocultural views of classroom discourse, which view social interaction as integral to meaning making and learning (e.g., Mercer, 2004; Wickman & Ostman, 2002; Wortham, 2005), but also consider the understanding and skills of individuals. Such scholars characterize the act of completing individual assessments as another form of participation in a trajectory of discursive practices that relate understanding in social situations to that which is “gathered” in more individualized contexts (often inevitable in formal education). Such learning is a trajectory of participation in discursive practices in which students must engage the text and inscriptions of assessments in meaningful ways. This practice necessarily draws upon other, less formal, discursive representations. Hickey,et.al (2005) considered this latter type in their analyses, which then refined across three stages with the goal of scaffolding students’ abilities to navigate more formal discursive representation such as those on achievement tests.
Nowadays, teaching is no longer restricted to face-to-face interaction between the students and the teachers. (Yueh & Hsu, 2008). The usage of learning management systems in the classroom and in the workplace continues to play an important role in helping instructors, trainers and educators in meeting their pedagogical as well as their organizational goals (see Argyris, 1977; Beatty & Ulasewicz, 2006; Liu, Li & Carlsson, 2010; Shrivastava, 1983; Ong, Lai & Wang, 2004). Becoming ubiquitous since the 80’s and 90’s, learning management systems (LMS) are one of the means of e-learning—a learning situation where instructors and learners are separated by distance, time, or both (Raab, Ellis, & Abdon, 2002) as well as m-learning (mobile
... all ages do not know how to write in cursive anymore. Some students may not know how to sign their name in cursive since it wont be taught anymore. One thing that many people worry about with digital learning is that students will spend too much time in front of a screen and keyboard. It is believed that these kids will have less of a social life and will be less likely to communicate through talking, but choosing to communicate through online messaging and texting. Though students have a variety of information at their finger tips, this can cause temptation for students to plagiarize. Devices such as iPads and laptops are useful learning tools, but at the same time they can be a huge source of distractions. While students should be taking notes, they could be browsing the web, updating social media sites, watching videos, playing games or other distracting things.
Learning is commonly defined as the process of acquiring new, or modifying existing, knowledge through experiences. To me, learning is an ongoing process that continues throughout our lives. When referring to Robert E. Slavin ‘s book, Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice, he mentioned how people are already engaged in a learning environment where they receive stimuli everywhere they go, but they are only aware of some of the stimuli (p.129). By referring to Slavin’s book, what real learning is to me is when an individual actually notice those stimuli, learned particular information and skills from those stimuli, and being able to apply the things they learn to their daily life. Furthermore, when referring to the Operant Conditioning theory by B.F. Skinner, which is mentioned in Slavin’s book, real learning is also when an individual had a change in knowledge and behavior that is caused by experience or consequences, no matter if it is a positive or negative consequence.
I believe that Face to Face learning is better than online learning because students have access to various learning resources on campus verses off. Face to face allows students to have instant gratification with answers and help. When a student is in class they can ask questions while it is fresh on their mind or help with a particular problem. If the student was at home online they would have to wait for the instructor to email them back. Is that really more conducive to a person’s education and learning?
Instead, EL students benefit in learning new content knowledge when an instructor methodically produces a lesson with a systematic I do you do approach; while purposely adding visuals whenever possible. Modeling content knowledge can be accomplished when the instructor writes the objective or provides an outline of what the lesson entails in student friendly vocabulary for each lesson where students can visually see. Next, the instructor should discuss what the end goal of the lesson is through hand gestures and changing the speed and tone of the voice to elaborate key concepts. Additionally, teachers should provide visual vocabulary whenever possible. Playing videos, word walls, or showing pictures of key vocabulary in a lesson will help students who struggle with differences in language grasp what is being asked of them more clearly. Lastly, instructor should show examples of projects and essays for reference. This will allow EL students to visualize the end product; allowing them to organize their ideas and