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Popol vuh and genesis compare and contrast
Key to creation myths
Biblical worldview about creation
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The dawn of life has always interrogated the truth of humanity, the true origins of what actually occurred. Many religions lay upon interpretations for the beginning, one of which are the Quiché Maya. Written in the mid-1500 period, the holy scripture, Popol Vuh, of the Mayas contain their beliefs of the creation. The Popol Vuh can often be referred as the Mayan version of the Bible, which in fact, has similarities in Mayan view to the Christianity aspect. Through the interpretations of each story, Popol Vuh and Genesis, the creation in the Christian bible, each accommodate many resemblances in the stories of mans beginning.
Popol Vuh begins with the idea of empty divination; the Maker and the Feathered Serpent. The world was filled with no one, then the Word came, spoken by Maker and the Serpent. They first brought the land, creating a plate of earth. Then came the first creation, the animals. They were told to praise Their names. Deers, birds, panthers and serpents, but none could praise. They twittered, chattered, could not talk like the Gods, so they were
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brought low. They will serve and not lead. The second creation then came, the first human form, made of wet mud. They looked bad, fell apart and didn’t look like it was Them who created it. Unsatisfied, They let the mud men melt on the watery sea. The third creation would be carved from wood, but still in the form of man. They walked, they talked, but didn’t remember the heart of creation. They overlooked the Maker and the Serpent. A huge flood was brought upon them, a great flood made to destroy them. The final creation was the true beginning of man. Humans born from maize, added with flaws, and their limitations of power. The final creation was finished, satisfying the Maker and Serpent. However, in Genesis, God formed the earth from a formless wasteland that was covered in darkness. God constructed everything in seven days. With separation of the land and waters, the dominion of animals, and in the last days, He replicated man in his image. God created the first man, Adam, from dust, along with his partner Eve. The Fall of Man explained the betrayal of man to God, creating original sin. After further exploitation, God sent a huge flood for humans to endure, to repay original sin. God left the earth how it was, establishing his covenants for his promise to never do again what he did. In a like manner, there are clear connections between both stories of the beginning. One and the other begin to explain the idea of earth’s origin, referencing a God who created everything. Both emphasize a God, or Gods, who created everyone one and everything on the planet. A plate of the sea was put to separate the land and water; plants, trees, valleys and mountains began to advance within the first days. The God’s introduced animals to world, telling them humans will have dominion over them. Man was the last creation, created as an image of God, but with imperfections, so neither would have equal power as the Gods. In both literary works, the all-knowing beings portrayed their displeasure of the worlds, especially on the humans. With Popol Vuh, it took four tries to create a pleasuring human form. Each time, they weren't close to what they imagined. Even on the last creation with the people of the maize, they were given flaws, they could not have an equal power than the Gods themselves. With Genesis, after the disobedience of Adam and Eve, God withdrew the knowledge of the human race, he gave them disadvantages within nature, and the knowledge of good and evil was now apprehended. The disasters of flood are also found in both works.
In Genesis, God is upset with the world, especially with the corruption and the amount of sin that has spread within the people; as a result, God spares Noah, who is worthy of salvation, to build an ark, survive the waters, and witness the death of the humans. The flood was used as a symbol of Gods regret; He had not been satisfied with the first wave of humans, so the flood was used to start over again. In Popol Vuh, the flood was used similarly like a punishment and cleansing. The Maker and Serpent carved the third creation of wood. They looked like people, talked, walked and multiplied, but they had no minds. They forget the heart of creation. They did not remember the Maker and Serpent, so they brought upon them a flood, made to destroy them. The presence of floods used to wipe humanity is a similar catastrophe used within both works of
creation. There is a great deal of similarities within both works of literature, but both are priceless documents in many ways. The Quiché Maya was a thriving culture in northern-central parts of ancient Guatemala, with the Popol Vuh, it offered an insight into the ancient culture. The Holy Bible is the foundational truth of the origin of sin, explanation for death, and contains life-changing messages and so on. Each literary texts delivers a chance to allow a person to find spiritual truth and make moral right decisions. The similarity of creation allows a person to understand why I am her, what happened and why. Both works represent an element that has connected races and societies, giving a meaning for life, and a chance for the hopeless.
Most cultures have a creation myth, a story of how humans came to exist in the world. Often, they involve Gods of some capacity who exist without much question or explanation. Many myths have a common idea for the origin of the world, like Earth being born from water, a golden egg, or a great monster. The Mayan creation myth and the Babylonian creation myth are similar in that they both begin with water, and account the creation and purpose of man. They also differ, as the Mayan Popol Vuh chronicles a peaceful tale of trials to forge the Earth and sentient beings to worship the gods, while the Babylonian Enuma Elish tells of wars between gods that lead to the creation of Earth and of man as a servant to the gods.
In Popol Vuh, the gods created the mud people to have them worshipping the gods, “Thus, let us try again to make one who will honor us, who will respect us; one who will be a provider and a sustainer” (Popol Vuh 89). However, the mud people had no knowledge while speaking; they could only look in one direction, and they could not worship the gods. Because of that, the gods punished the mud people by toppling them, “Therefore they undid it. They toppled what they had framed, what they had shaped” (Popol Vuh 94). Nevertheless, in Genesis, Yahweh created humans, so they would be happy. The only thing He asked them was to not disobey Him, “And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat. But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die” (Genesis 2:16,17). Because they disobeyed Yahweh, they were punished by having to leave the garden and “suffer.” The differences in the types of gods punishments is that, in Popol Vuh, they punished the mud people because they were not capable of worship them; it was the gods’ fault in creating people like that. In Genesis, Yahweh punished Adam and Eve because they chose to disobey him, and not because Yahweh created them
When Europeans first arrived in America did they imagine that hidden among the trees were civilized cultures or did they think they stumbled upon forests full of savages? Unfortunately for the Native Americans the Europeans appear to have assumed the latter when the natives may have more in common with them than they thought. For Example native Americans have mythical tales that told how the earth was made that in some ways were similar to Genesis from the bible, not only that but the Iroquois for example have a similar constitution to the United States. However, both their creation stories and their constitution do vary away from the colonists.
While the two texts Gilgamesh and Popol Vuh have many similarities, themes characters ect. I personally would not call the two texts similar. In my opinion for two texts to be similar they must poses similar general themes that apply to the entire text, not small themes that only apply to portions of the text. In other words I believe that two texts can have similar events, yet have completely different meanings.
Creation texts and most early pieces of literature all share many of the same themes, mythology, and to an extent, the same characters. In the days that early texts like The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Bible, and Popol Vuh, epistemology was of high interest to many philosophers and writers. To answer the questions of “How did we get here,” “Why are we here,” “What do we do here,” and other ontological ponderings, texts like these were written to give some reason. One consistent theme from early literature and creation texts is that early people had the tragic flaw of a thirst for knowledge and a lack of willpower, which is shown in The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Bible, and Popol Vuh.
Words can be on a much grander scale. The Popol Vuh is a story originating from modern day Guatemala with its oldest excerpt dating back to the early 18th century. The most recent translation is by Allen J. Christenson in 2007. The Popol Vuh follows the Hero Twins Hunahpu and Xbalanque and their epic tales. The mythological story ripe with symbolism is often coined as the “sacred book” of the Maya people. Symbolism in the Popol Vuh is important because it explains life and death, satirizes human behavior, represents the creation of the Maya, and it depicts the importance of maize.
At the beginning of time only the Gods where living, until one day Sovereign Plumed Serpent and Heart of the Sky, named Hurricane, created trees, bushes, and life. Bearer Begetter was the creator or animals big and small, like birds, deers, jaguars, pumas, and serpents. When the Gods created animals they created them for the sole purpose of being worshiped by them. However, when they realized that the animals could not speak they decided they would be sent to live in the woods and fend for themselves. After this Xpiyacoc and Xmucane attempted to make humans, but instead of not being able to speak. They appeared to be too unnatural and decided to call them manikins or wood carvings so, Heart of the Sky creates a flood killing them off. It is believed that monkeys look like humans because they are the manikins who survived the flood by climbing onto trees.
In both myths the relationship between humans and nature is shown as a positive one but with negative effects from humans’ greed and necessity for more. In the beginning of the Creation Story it is stated in the first few lines “And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.” God then began to create the Earth in seven days. On the first day he created day and night out of the darkness and light. The second day led to the creation of the sky. The third day was the creation of the land. The fourth day led to the creation of the season. And finally on the fifth and sixth day, animals and humans were created, and the first two were a male and female named Adam and Eve. At the end of everyday during creation the words “and God saw it was good” are written. God is happy with his creation of nature. The phrase shows the positive connotation of...
Genesis and Theogony came from very different cultures. The book of Genesis is the Hebrew description of creation, and make up the first book of the Holy Bible. This creation story is not only the most well-known by foreigners, but also the most accepted, by the Christian and Judaic cultures. Hesiod's Theogony is the Greek story of the creation of earth and humankind. Before Genesis, there was no book to decree what one should believe about the beginning of humans, and Hesiod's story of creation was the most popular at around that time. At this time the Greek culture was a polytheistic one meaning they worshipped and had many more than one god. The Genesis description of creation showed a vital change from the polytheistic culture of the Greeks
Over the course of history many different people and cultures have tried to explain human existence. Many forms of arts have been used to express these theories and myths but nothing more popular than literature. Two of the most popular stories of creation include the biblical tale of Genesis and the Babylonian epic, Enuma Elish. Many historians have debated over which of the two stories was derived from the other. While both stories are different and depict different ideals of how the universe came to be they due hold striking similarities.
In this paper I will discuss three similarities and four differences between Enuma Elish-The Epic of Creation (King,1902) and Genesis 1:1-3:24 as described by Michael Fishbane (Fishbane, 1979). These writings are selected to describe the story of creation of the earth and the inhabitants of the earth. However, each author has a very different view and way of explaining what they have interpreted the sacred texts to mean.
In the first book of the Bible, Genesis, God can be seen as having a sort of bi-polar attitude. In the beginning chapters God is shown as a caring person when he is creating the earth and when he talks about how he wants Adam and Eve to succeed and do well and how he gives Adam a companion, Eve because he feels Adam will be lonely. As the book unfolds God becomes very angry with how his world is turning out. Sin has been introduced and humans seem to be falling away from the righteous. This upsets God and he creates an idea that he will flood the world so that only Noah and the people and animals inside the ark will live. His intentions seem horrible, trying to kill humans because they have sinned, but in reality he is trying to free the world of sin so that the remaining humans will live wonderful lives free of pain and despair. The flood can be seen as both a positive and negative thing. To non-believers they may find fault in the idea that God felt that he had to punish the world as a result of how sinful the people of earth had become. To help promote their ideas they could use statements from the Bible such as this one when God's feelings are stated about how he seems to be dissatisfied with the people of earth, "The Lord was grieved that he had made man on the earth, and his heart was filled with pain" (Genesis 6:6). It can also be revealed when God states, "I am going to put an end to all people, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. I am surely going to destroy both them and the earth" (Genesis 6:13).
Every ancient society and civilization has creation myths that were passed down and keep alive throughout the passing of time by word of mouth. These myths are the world’s oldest stories and are vital to these cultures because they explain their beginnings and give purpose to their existence. By analyzing and interpreting different creation myths it becomes easier to understand different cultures and their connections and relationships with heir beliefs and god(s).
In Popol Vuh, the gods needed four attempts to land on beings that suited their desires, and even this creature was still undeserving and reprimanded for that. In the Bible, God set one rule that was not to be broken but Adam and Eve disobeyed this rule: both examples show that these creators could not control their own creations. God says “I will blot out from the earth the humans beings I have created — people together with animals and creeping things and birds of the air, for I am sorry that I have made them” in Genesis 6:6, proving a point that both creators in the text show dissatisfaction with their creation. A significant comparison between both texts is that of the flood, used as a cleansing and a form of punishment to mankind and meant to wipe out humanity. However, at the end of the flood and dark days, new constellations began to appear and a new, fresh start [figuratively and metaphorically] had begun for the hands of the creator. Additionally, the creators create everything on earth from its landscapes to humans and both stories attempt to explain the origin of life while showing that mankind is a result of the
Within the texts of Genesis which belong to the biblical scriptures of the Hebrews, and the myths of Egyptian origin, there are a multitude of similarities and differences. When compared side by side, the most obvious factor of both texts is that a single God was the creator of all that we know today. In Genesis that creator is simply referred to as God, while in Egyptian mythology, the creator is known as Neb-er-tcher. Both creators have striking resemblances, such as the ways they went about the production of the world.