Significance of Ginkgo Biloba
The ginkgo tree appeared on earth approximately 230 million years ago, which was before dinosaurs evolved. They were referred to as 'living fossils' by Charles Darwin. These trees are so hardy that one of them lived through the atomic blast that destroyed Hiroshima (Anonymous No. 2, 1997). This tree is one of the earth's two oldest trees, The members of the Ginkgoacae family grew in parts of what are now Australia, the British Isles, Greenland, China, Russia, northern Europe, Japan, South America, Africa, and in the United States during the Mesozoic Era. It later retreated to a small area in eastern China with the changes in the world climate. It is the only surviving tree of the ginkgo family (Corrigan, 1997).
The ginkgo was reintroduced to the United States in 1784. Today, these trees are all over the world again. They can be found in almost every city in the United States. Its species name "biloba" refers to the two-distinct lobes, which is characteristic of the leaves. These trees have survived over millions of years due to their resistance of disease, pests, fires, and air pollution. They can grow in almost any condition, which includes sun, shade, heat, cold, smog, pollution, wind, and humidity (Foster, 1996). The ginkgo tree can grow 75 to 100 feet tall with a trunk up to 8 feet in diameter, They have a distinctive fan- shaped leaf, which are bright green in the spring. Their leaves turn to a dull green in the summer and become a translucent gold in the fall (Corrigan, 1997). The ginkgo tree was used for many purposes, even in the ancient times.
The ginkgo leaf was first mentioned in Lan Mao's Dian Nan Ben Cao, published in 1436. Lan Mao notes the external use to treat skin and head ...
... middle of paper ...
...iful 'living fossil'. St. Louis Post Dispatch, p. L14:1.
Foster, Steven. 1996. Ginkgo biloba: a living fossil for today's health needs. Better Nutrition 58(4): 54-56.
Mowrey, Daniel. 1997. Valerian root, passion flower, and ginkgo are top 'neurotonic' herbs. 59(l): 34.
Tyler, Varro E. 1998. Boost your brain and your libido: ginkgo: this ancient herb may improve memory and (surprise) wake up your sex life. Prevention 50(6): 91-93.
Additonal References
Holt, Ben F. and Gar W. Rothwell. 1997. Is Ginkgo biloba really an oviparous plant? American Journal of Botany 84(6): 870-873.
Huffman, Grace Brooke. 1998. Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba in treating dementia, American Family Physician 57(10): 2504-2506.
Oken, Barry S. 1999, The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease. Journal of American Medical Association 281(5): 402.
In wild type culture of C-ferns, it is expected that there will be a high concentration of antheridiogen since the hermaphrodites are producing antheridiogen. The greater the population density of C-ferns, the higher the concentration of antheridiogen; hence a high percentage of male gametophytes in the wild type cultures.
"American Revolution." for Kids: Daily Life During the Revolutionary War. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2013. .
Hewes, Henry. “ A Plant Grows in Chicago,” in Saturday Review, Vol. XLII, No. 14, April 4, 1959, p. 28.
Mr. Disney has made a few animated short films that have been very successful, but his first attempt at a full-length animated feature film was Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The film was based on the fairy tale written by the Brothers Grimm. The movie was released on December 21, 1937 and earned $8 million during its initial release, making it the most successful movie of its time. They story is about Snow White, a princess, who is living with her stepmother who is mean and wicked. She is assumed to take over the kingdom ...
Alzheimer’s disease is a complex illness that affects the brain tissue directly and undergoes gradual memory and behavioral changes which makes it difficult to diagnose. It is known to be the most common form of dementia and is irreversible. Over four million older Americans have Alzheimer’s, and that number is expected to triple in the next twenty years as more people live into their eighties and nineties. (Johnson, 1989). There is still no cure for Alzheimer’s but throughout the past few years a lot of progress has been made.
...re will always be some people who will question life. Plato’s only way of handling these people is to throw them out of his city. Due to this, Plato would never be able to control a man like Daniel. Daniel symbolizes the type of man who reject what Plato put before him. He would be in a sense untrainable to the ideals that Plato was preaching. This is again a flaw in his argument. If anyone inside of Plato’s society were to question, then they whole society could crumble. The city-state run on the belief that man would simply follow what he had been told, but there will always be men like Daniel Plainview who question it.
Hand, D. (Supervising Director) and Disney, W. (Producer). (1937). Snow White and the seven dwarfs.
The first people of Ecuador lived there in 10,000 BCE. They were hunters and gatherers that lived on the southern coast and in the central highlands. In 3200 BCE, three agricultural societies were formed. These societies created some of the oldest known pottery and traded with Amazonian tribes, Brazil, and Peru. Large cities were formed in 500 BCE along Ecuador’s coast that specialized in metalworking and navigating. These coastal cities traded with the Maya tribe. In 1460 CE, the Incan ruler Tupac-Yupanqui breached Ecuador from the south. Ecuador’s Canari, Quitu, and Caras tribes fought back. The Inca were extremely advanced and had developed cities, highways, and even mail systems. It seemed inevitable that they would win against the Ecuadorian tribes, but miraculously, the tribes defeated Tupac-Yupanqui’s army. Tupac-Yupanqui’s son, Huayna Capac, conquered Ecuador soon after his father’s defeat. Soon after, the tribes began to speak the Incan language of Quechua, which is still spoken in Ecuador today. Capac decreed that a large city be built for him at Tomebamba. He died in 1526 and divided his land between his sons, leaving Atahualpa with the north and Huascar with the south. The Spaniards came that same year, leading to a civil war between the brothers for full control. Francis...
Walt Disney rose up from humble beginnings. His childhood was anything but stable as his family moved throughout the Midwest because of his father’s work. Although his strings of early letdowns made it seem like success would never come, Walt Disney became highly successful in animation. During the 1930’s, Disney became determined to create a feature length animated film. Although many told him he would not be able to produce an animated cartoon that would hold an audience beyond seven minutes long, he continued to try. “Only a few years later, in 1938, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was a major success.” (Source 1) Walt Disney created seven noticeably individual personalities, something that had never before been accomplished in animation. Following this film came a steady flow of animated features including Dumbo, Bambi, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, and 101 Dalmatians. But animation was not the only thing that helped Walt Disney become a big hit. He dreamed of having a park in which would not contain the menace of carnival freaks, barkers and thrill rides. He wished to have a park which would attract many different ages of children. Although Walt Disney died in 1966, his dream came true after his death. Five years later his Florida Park opened, and Walt Disney World became the uncompromised and unfet...
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, and this terminal, progressive brain disorder has no known cause or cure. Its greatest known risk factor is increasing age which is why is it is infamous for developing in the elderly, typically in ages 65 or over, however for the 5%(1) that develop Alzheimer’s in their 40s or 50s it is known as early Alzheimer’s. Because Alzheimer’s worsens over time, those with it tend to struggle with completing daily tasks especially elderly people. Given that there is no cure for Alzheimer’s, the treatments available slow the worsening of dementia symptoms and improve quality of life for those with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers. It is not known what causes Alzheimer's, however, those with Alzheimer's have been found to have abnormal amounts of protein (amyloid plaques) and fibres.(The amyloid plaques and fibres are found in regions of the brain where problem solving and thinking take place e.g The cerebrum.) Due to the unusual amounts of amyloid plaques and fibres, it reduces the effectiveness of healthy neurons and eventually, destroying them.
Disney was first formed in 1923 when founders Walt Disney and his brother, Roy, created an animated short called Alice Comedies (“The Walt Disney Studios – History, n.d.). Years later in 1937, Disney established a large following from the production of their first ever full-length animated movie, Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs (“The Walt Disney Studios – History, n.d.). The large revenues that flowed in from this production allowed Walt Disney to grow his business into the multimillion-dollar company that it is today.
produced by a studio, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. It became one of the
Before Walt Disney ever came up with the idea of Snow White and The Seven dwarfs, the fairy tale was very popular in Germany (history.com). Snow White was originally written for storytelling, by the Brothers’ Grimm. The movie by Walt Disney was actually based off this movie. In 1912 a version of the fairy tale, from Germany, made its way onto Broadway.
Two brothers Walt and Roy Disney founded Disney Brothers Cartoon studio on October 16, 1923 in Los Angeles, California. It started when Walt Disney was contracted to write the Alice comedies, which is the foundation of the film Alice in wonderland. After losing his contract Disney needed to create a new character in order to stay in the animation business, and he created Mickey Mouse. Mickey Mouse soon became the mascot for the Walt Disney Company as they expanded to create a variety of cartoon series such as the steamboat cartoon series, the silly symphonies and Walt Disney’s first animated film Snow White and the seven dwarfs(Smith,2004). Although he continued to flourish in the animation industry Walt Disney dreamed of creating a place where