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Introduction
42% of STEM degrees are handed out to Women.
46.9% of the workforce is made up of Women
And 23% of Women make up the STEM task force.
What does that mean then?
It means that 77% of the STEM task force is made up of men, yet 42%, close to half, of STEM degrees are handed out to Women.
So the question is why is there a shortage of women in the STEM fields? And what’s happening to all the women with STEM degrees?
Litriture has many opinons on this matter, and though all of them are valid opinons and facts this Litreiture Review will be adressing the sub-questions of “How is education impacting the shortage of women in STEM?”, and “How is Gender Bias Impacting the Shortage of Women in STEM?”. How these questions were adressed was through the overview and analyzation of multiple articles. One of these articles is from The University of Delaware, called “Gender Bias, Sterotypes, and STEM”, and their opinion on this matter was that Women leave STEM because of Gender Bias and Stereotypes. This was a statment also said by Science News. Yet another Author that is featured in this article was Kenneth Corbin, and compared to Science new and Univeristy of Deleware he said that “Early STEM Education Will Lead to More Women into IT.”
Literature Review
Acorrding to Science News is that Gender bias drives women from STEM, not family. This article talked baout how gender bariers, such as sterotypes drove women from STEM. And how many enter STEM then rapidly quit it afterwards. Another topic that was talked about was how women had kids then left STEM, soon to work a un-STEM related job. Another problem was that also many women left STEM before they even cocived children. So in conclusion women are being driven from STEM and further ...
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...ginneering.
And the final question that these authours thought up was “Why should should we do anything about it?”. In the end to find these awensers these two authours had to think in a deeper context which did not include the internet. But in the ends these Authours found this to be the awenser. People shoul do somthing about it because one day a girl might discover the cure to a important deises, virus, syndrom, or genetic disorder. Another reason that was found was that people should do somehting about this issue because all people deserve oppertunites to do persue their intrests. And if people can help others achieve those personal goals it would create a much happier peaceful world. And the finla opion on this matter is that people should do somthing about girls in STEM because girls are acedemically equal to boys in the feilds of STEM.
Conclusion
In the 17th and 18th centuries women in science emerged that regarded themselves correct in doing so. Also there were those who announced their opinions to the world that women should not practice science and some who believed the women can and should practice science.
The Scientific Revolution marked a major shift in Western thought between the 1500s and 1700s. Modern science emerged as a way of gaining true knowledge about the natural world. During the time, science was a field dominated by men. Women were believed to be incapable of anything outside their domestic sphere. There was a social stigma regarding women in science. Society had varying reactions toward women working in the sciences, the majority of which were negative. However, some were accepting of women and their contributions to science. The Scientific Revolution had little impact on the way society viewed women. Women continued to be subject to restrictive gender roles.
...roblems of integration. If the science world takes advantage of undiscovered female talent, science as a whole will benefit greatly. For example, the original group of ENIAC programmers consisted of 6 women. In 1946, these women helped to develop the first operating stored-program computer.6 If female talent such as this goes to waste because of social neglect, the science world will never know what possible discoveries that could have been made with the help of women. If Dr. Djerassi is accurate with his examples of discrimination, the science world should take note of these problems and attempt to solve them.
In this case girls are the ones who are discriminated against. Teaches do not see girls as being as smart in math and science. Boys may get called on more for their disruptive behavior. This gives boys more practice and therefore can cause a gender gap. In the text it states “boys and girls behaved and performed in similar ways in the classroom.” this shows how both genders perform the same yet boys are pictured as more intelligent. This adds to the central idea of how there is inequality between students for no reason. The two articles talk about two separate problems however the root of the problem is the same. Teaches create biases about girls and black students. Getting girls active in STEM can close the gender gap and solve this problem. This will help because it will show how math and science are just “boy subjects” and girls can excel in them too. The two articles have the same main idea however the two writers cite different pieces of evidence. The writers do this to branch the main idea off into two different aspects of how gender and racial biases are occurring in
Words can be powerful, especially when those words are spoken by the president of a top university. In a 2005 speech by Lawrence Summers, he put forth the hypothesis that there are more men than women in the most high end positions due to a different set of measurable attributes, rather than it being caused by pervasive sexism or discrimination. To make it to the top of highly demanding fields, one has to be of exceptional quality and these are “people who are three and a half, four standard deviations above the mean in the one in 5,000, one in 10,000 class” (Summers, 2005). Summers is making the point that we should analyze the dataset that produces this type of result, rather than saying it’s all because of discrimination. Summers does not deny that discrimination exists, but he argues it cannot explain every difference. While there are more women in science and math based majors than ever before, fewer of them are in the top research positions that require the most demanding work and longest hours. Summers was strongly criticized and forced to resign as president of Harvard.
Gender discrimination in STEM industries is creating economic problems for women and the economy as a whole. Stansbury claims in her report, “A 2010 paper for the National Bureau of Economic Research, that the gender-retention gap is driven more by women’s dissatisfaction with pay and promotion opportunities — potentially related to the glass ceiling and glass cliff effects. Research at the University of Delaware suggests that “stereotype threat” could be a factor, where negative images of women’s STEM skills could inhibit their performance” (Stansbury, para.1). In spite of sharing the same amount of work as their male colleagues, women are being paid less than their male counterpart which leads to their dissatisfaction and compels them to leave the industry. Unequal opportunities raised the question of unfairness, specifically in STEM fields, as women hold the same STEM education as their male colleagues. Beede (2011) claims, “-a robust finding that women earn considerably less than men, even after controlling for a wide set of characteristics such as education and age” (Beede, et., al). Studies show while women hold the same STEM degrees but, because they are women and getting paid less as a result, their earnings are being compromised because of gender. Other data espoused by Beede states, “on average, men and
But sex-segregation does not really explain the overall gender wage gap. Women’s average educational attainment now exceeds that of men’s and as a result, women have been entering previously considered to be “masculine” occupational fields at growing rates. Even in the STEM fields, women are no longer underrepresented except for in computer sciences and engineering. However, gender wage gap is present at every level of the career ladder in every field. How and why does this
In early American history, society believed that women did not have a place in education and high-level learning. They were told not to bother their brains with such advanced thinking. Middle and upper class women learned to read and write, but their education ended there. A woman’s place was said to be in the home, cooking, sewing, and taking care of the children. In the case of upper class women, their “to-do” list was cut even shorter with the servants present to do the work.
For example, even though the number of women going into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematic (STEM) fields has increased, they still are underrepresented in the field with men making up 76% of the STEM field jobs and women comprise a mere 24% (Beede et al. 1). In regard to women’s pay, women are underpaid when compared men; in STEM field positions, men are paid approximately 14% more than women, and, in non-STEM field positions, men are paid 21% more than women (Beede et al. 4). Moreover, since the 1950s, the number of single mothers has increased by 36% (Badger). Therefore, women find it harder to support their children when they continually get misrepresented and underpaid when going into the labor
Rosser, S. V. (1998). Applying feminist theories to women in science programs. Signs, 24, 71-200.
STEM is best known as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. STEM for many years has been primarily seen as and stereotyped into a masculine work field. But as of recent years, while it expands, more and more women have been rising in these fields. However, there is still a tremendous gender gap between men and women in these fields and areas of work. The gender gap between men and women in STEM is alive and well. There is no denying that the gender gap between men and women in STEM is immense. But there instead are many sufficient reasons as to why there is such a huge gap between men and women within in fields. Some probable causes for the lack of women seen in these areas are biased towards women, unconscious bias girls receive
In the 21st Century the number of women enrolling in higher education institutions is surpassing the numbers of men enrolled. The graduation rates of women from high school and higher education are most often higher than for men. The number of women graduates from most professional occupations, including higher paying medicine, law and business, will exceed the number of men graduates in the near future. In numerous occupational areas with a majority of women graduates, salaries already surpass salaries in occupational areas with a majority of men graduates.
Carol B. Muller, “The Underrepresentation of Women in Engineering and Related Sciences: Pursuing Two Complementary Paths to Parity.” National Academies Press (US); Web. 2003.
**Raising awareness towards this issue should receive equal effort from both genders, not one**; if not, this brings back the idea of gender inequality once again, in which men should work more than women. Even if the male gender is to blame for all this suffering in society, the very fact that the male students of ISB are discriminated as a gender should not be tolerated, because it is against the very values that this school stands for: “*Students will:* * *Treat everyone in the school community with respect. * * *Express themselves in a manner that respects the rights of others. * * *Practice tolerance towards differences in cultures, gender, race, sexual orientation or beliefs.
If people were asked what percentage of technological jobs are held by women, most would guess around 50%. But in fact, women’s involvement in technological fields has dropped significantly in the last decade, leaving less than 25% of such jobs being held by women. This prevents economies from developing and prevents communities from reaching their full potential. As John Kerry said, “No country can get ahead if it leaves half of its people behind. This is why the United States believes gender equality is critical to our shared goals of prosperity, stability, and peace, and why investing in women and girls worldwide is critical.” The lack of women in technology is a problem that faces us daily, but can also be changed daily. Unless