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The chemistry of taste
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Sensory Evaluation (Descriptive Test) of Adlay Vinegar
The descriptive sensory evaluation is an important tool in determining the detailed description of products and how process or ingredient affect the final product characteristics and sensory attributes. In this study, sensory evaluation of adlay vinegar was conducted on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day after storage. This method was taken in order to assess viable changes of the product’s organoleptic properties. Vinegar produced from fruits and grains’ ethanolic solution contains certain amount of phenolic compounds which may contain some antioxidant properties (Pinsirodom et al., 2010). However, the most essential aspect that contributes to the vinegar flavor is aging. In this process, fundamental integration of different compounds present occurs. Reduction in the pungency of acetic acid
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It is a method of determining the products’ viability for commercialization. For the laboratory type sensory evaluation, Table 10 shows the results in 10th, 20th, and 30th day of assessment. On the appearance and aroma attributes, there are no significant differences observed on the given days of evaluation. On the other hand, for the taste and general acceptability of the product, both parameters acquire significant values over the control (p=0.05). However, in general, all values fall on the “like slightly” based on the 9-point hedonic rating scale and the control with “like moderately” rating. These indicate that several factors, such as the process, aging and threshold proficiency of the panelist affect the result. According to the Modena Vinegar Consortium, vinegar is complex and difficult to assess due to pungent sensation that limits the human senses. On the global taste appreciation, the intensity of sourness, which is linked with fermentation and maturation time and the Umami flavor of the vinegar
Esters are defined as molecules consisting of a carbonyl group which is adjacent to an ether linkage. They are polar molecules which are less polar than alcohols but more so than ethers, due to their degree of hydrogen bonding ability. Most often derived from reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid, esters are a unique, ubiquitous class of compounds with many useful applications in both natural and industrial processes 1. For example, within mammals, esters are used in triglycerides and other lipids as they are the main functional group attacking fatty acids to the glycerol chain 2. A unique property of esters is their tendency to give off distinct aromas such as the scent of apples (Ethyl caprylate) and bananas (Isoamyl acetate). This is of a unique importance especially in industries that utilize flavors and aromas such as the tobacco, candy and alcohol industry. Consistent research is conducted in order to enhance and increase the effectiveness of esters in these products 3.
When you buy food and drinks at the store do you really know what you are actually consuming? Have you ever considered how your food is produced and created? Is it healthy for you? I researched one of my favorite drinks, Welch’s grape juice, to see what is actually the content of it, and where it came from.
Smutzer, Gregory, et al. "Validation of Edible Taste Strips for Assessing PROP Taste Perception." Chemical Senses 38.6 (2013): 529-539. Print.
Taste is subjective, and smell can greatly impact how we might perceive a flavor. Taste is “ephemeral, shaped by trends and fads,” and is more so nose-based than it is actual flavor. Since it’s difficult for people to “gauge quality by flavor,” they tend to judge and purchase wines and other items based on price, which is more often than not the worst way to purchase anything (page 29). Wineries that price their wines at $500 have the same problem as wineries that sell wine for $10. “You can’t make the statement that if it’s low-cost it’s not well made,” a common mistake made by consumers (page 30).
Before 1850, American’s food flavoring was formerly used as flavored food and beverages from local and foreign sources of flavorings such as rum, fruit juice, and spices in the home. People discovered nature aroma when they found food flavoring could be enriched by simple methods. In the early 20th century, Germany’s chemist discovered one of the first artificial flavors by accident. They created methyl anthranilate as artificial grape flavor while mixing chemicals. Now methyl anthranilate is the main ingredient for grape Kool-Aid. Food flavoring in America began during the industrial revolution. According to Schlosser's “Fast Food Nation,” synthetic flavor additives were used mainly in baked goods, candies, and sodas until the 1950s, when sales of processed food skyrocketed. The invention of machines increased the number of flavors that could be created from chemical synthesis. By the 1960s, the American flavor industry was creating flavors to provide the taste for thousands of new foods (Why the Fries Taste Good).
We predicted that by using the titration formula the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar can be determined by using 1 M HCl and a solution of NaOH of an unknown concentration because titration finds the concentration of an unknown solution by using the concentration of a known solution (Bronx Science. Experiment 2.12: Acid-Base Titration Lab. 2016). By using the solution of NaOH of unknown concentration with 0.1 M HCl, the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar can be calculated. After the NaOH was standardized, using the titration formula, the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar was found to be .100 M
What happens when baking soda mixes with vinegar? Will a reaction happen, and how do I know that one is happening? What models can I use to show this? What kinds of bond will form, and will the old bonds break? Baking soda is a solid, or you can say white crystals. It is known as a type of salt, and it is soluble. Baking soda is made out of carbonic acid too. The chemical formula for baking soda is NaHCO3. Vinegar contains acetic acid and water. It is a type of liquid. The chemical formula for vinegar is CH3COOH.
The company’s new beverage will compete with Coke and Pepsi and other soft drinks products for the market share. Due to its unique characteristic of it being an all natural sparkling drink, it will create a unique brand of its own and will sell to an untapped population of consumers who are not ready to consume carbonated drinks. Natural drinks with no additives are highly recommended especially in this era where there have been health concerns due to the carbonated soft drinks. These concerns have also led to a decline in the general consumption of the soft drinks as portrayed by the recent results of the major players in the business (Kotter, 1995).
According to Table 2, formulation D was the most preferred for the colour (3.70 ± 1.03), firmness (3.15 ±1.10) and aroma (3.45 ± 0.95) attributes. For the elasticity attribute, both formulation C (3.15 ± 1.04) and D (3.15 ± 1.90) were most preferred. For the taste attribute, formulation C (3.25±1.10) was the most preferred. Formulation B was the least preferred for the colour (3.15 ± 0.93) and firmness (2.90 ±0.91) attributes. Whereas, formulation A was the least preferred for the elasticity (3.00 ± 0.97) and aroma (2.65 ± 0.93) attributes. Finally, formulation D was the least preferred for the taste (2.80±1.15)
This, H. (2006). Molecular Gastronomy: Exploring the science of flavour. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.
A large community that represents and promotes Culinology is known as the “Research Chef Association” (RCA). This association was founded in 1996 by a group of like-minded food professionals. Which today are still working towards one common goal: to bring excellence to food product development. The RCA believes that Culinologists both define and will create the future of food. To accomplish such a feat a great deal of work must be done, and a major part of achieving that goal is to be able to predict what the consumers want.
At present, the market of the Malaysian fish fermented products remains to fulfill the local demand. As comparison, Thailand is reported to be the largest fish sauce exporter in the world with more than USD $13 million to US, Japan and Australia export annually (Brillantes, 1999 as cited in Sim, Chye, Anton, nd). Sim et al. (nd) proposed that the limitation of the local Malaysian fish sauce producer is due to the long fermentation time, limited technology and skill which cause low quality control of the products.
Apple (Malus domestica) is the most widely consumed fruit in the world. It is available in the market during the year and prefered by consumers due to its high nutritional profile. Moreover, there has been a growing interest of consuming apple juice (AJ), which is one of the most popular juices consumed all over the world, owing to its high nutritious and medicinal importance (Abid et al., 2014). The raw apple juice obtained after the mechanical pressing of apples is very viscous, turbid or cloudy, brown colored as well as it has a tendency to settle down during storage (Dey et al., 2014). Because of this problem, the clarification of AJ is essential before its commercialization and is most often achieved through microfiltration (Fukumoto et al., 1998), enzymatic treatment such as pectinase (Gainvors et al., 1994) or by using common clarifying aids such as gelatin bentonite, silica sol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or a combination of these compounds (Lehmann, 1983). As a result, yield, clarity, sweetness and shelf-life of juice increase (Dey et al., 2014).
Sensory evaluation is a scientific disciplines that analyses and measures human response to the composition of food and drink. The examples of sensory evaluation included appearance, touch, odour, texture, temperature and taste.
The SWOT analysis reveals the current environment of the product as we see it now. The strengths and weaknesses are internal factors whereas opportunities and threats are external factors. As to now, the product is a little paper bag filled with natural dried herbs and spices. It is a ready-mix for salad dressing, with no additives. We want to launch this product on the French market.