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Ancient literature influence on modern culture
Meditations of marcus aurelius essay
Marcus aurelius essay
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Recommended: Ancient literature influence on modern culture
The writings by Marcus Aurelius, the only Roman emperor who also gained the title as philosopher, are one of the most unique in classic literature when considering the fact it was written without the idea of publication. Aurelius is an aspiring individual, who stands to remind our anemic and easily disheartened race how human goodness and sedulity should be carried. With this in mind, it should be substantial for one to read the Meditations by Marcus Aurelius when considering the writing techniques, and his use of self reflection.
Undoubtedly, no work quite like the Meditations exists in philosophical writings when considering the writing techniques. It stands as a unique piece of work in three distinct ways. First and foremost Marcus silently addresses himself in the writings continuously through inner dialogue. More specifically some of the aphorisms remain structured like dialogues with himself so that the soul may speak openly. “If you remove your judgment of anything that seems painful, you yourself stand quite immune to pain. ‘What self?’ Reason. ‘But I am not just reason’ Granted. So let your reason cause itself no pain, and if some other part of you is in trouble, it can form its own judgment for itself (8.40)”, this quote seems a perfect illustration of inner dialogue. It gives description of a “whole self” which appears as divided (by the higher & weaker self), and the higher rational half found itself confronting the weaker self, who has slipped into a mental outlook which terrorizes the “whole self’s” seeking of morality. This search of the location of the “self” leads us to the second writing technique, where Marcus discrepantly changes between the reflexive pronouns “yourself” and "himself”. He uses this method as a...
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...be tempted to read the Meditations. When one is to have an ending thought as to why one must read the Meditations by Marcus Aurelius, its simple enough to let his thoughts glimmer in the mind of, you, the reader--the words speak for themselves; “Do not disturb yourself by picturing your life as a whole; do not assemble in your mind the many and varied troubles which have come to you in the past and will come again in the future, but ask yourself with regard to every present difficulty: 'What is there in this that is unbearable and beyond endurance?' You would be ashamed to confess it! And then remind yourself that it is not the future or what has passed that afflicts you, but always the present, and the power of this is much diminished if you take it in isolation and call your mind to task if it thinks that it cannot stand up to it when taken on its own (5.23).”
Plutarch presented history through biographical stories of the people that were important and influential during the time period he wished to address. However, after having read some of his work, one realizes that Plutarch inserts his own personal opinion and views of the people at hand into the factual documentation of their lives. For example, in The Life of Crassus, Plutarch expresses a general dislike and negative view of the man, but in The Life of Caesar he portrays the life through a lens of praise. It also seems that he uses his opinions of the people that he writes about to subtly extend moral lessons to the reader. What follows is a further isolation of Plutarch's opinions and lessons from within The Lives of Crassus and Caesar.
Baird and Kaufmann, the editors of our text, explain in their outline of Descartes' epistemology that the method by which the thinker carried out his philosophical work involved first discovering and being sure of a certainty, and then, from that certainty, reasoning what else it meant one could be sure of. He would admit nothing without being absolutely satisfied on his own (i.e., without being told so by others) that it was incontrovertible truth. This system was unique, according to the editors, in part because Descartes was not afraid to face doubt. Despite the fact that it was precisely doubt of which he was endeavoring to rid himself, he nonetheless allowed it the full reign it deserved and demanded over his intellectual labors. "Although uncertainty and doubt were the enemies," say Baird and Kaufmann (p.16), "Descartes hit upon the idea of using doubt as a tool or as a weapon. . . . He would use doubt as an acid to pour over every 'truth' to see if there was anything that could not be dissolved . . . ." This test, they explain, resulted for Descartes in the conclusion that, if he doubted everything in the world there was to doubt, it was still then certain that he was doubting; further, that in order to doubt, he had to exist. His own existence, therefore, was the first truth he could admit to with certainty, and it became the basis for the remainder of his epistemology.
Without pretending to exhaust with too many references, it would be rather useful to focus on the most criticized part of the philosopher’s attempt, which is also the very starting point of his masterpiece, identified as eudaimonia (happiness, well being) and ergon (function), in Aristotelian terms.
The meditator’s endeavor in Rene Descartes’ meditations on first philosophy is introduced through a biographical account, with which any reader can relate. Realizing how in the past he had “accepted many false claims as true” and “how everything [he] had later constructed on top of those falsehoods was doubtful”, he feels the need to “tear everything down completely and begin from the most basic foundations”. His objective is to establish a body of knowledge which is absolutely certain.
The Roman Way is basically an informal history of Roman civilization as Edith Hamilton interprets the writings of the greatest literary figures from around the time of 200 B.C. to 100 A.D. Some of these writers include Cicero, with his vast assortment of letters; Catullus, the romantic poet; and Horace, the storyteller of an unkind and greedy Rome. They are three affluent white men from around the same period of time, although each of them had very different styles of writings and ideologies. Edith Hamilton does a great job in translating the works of many different authors of Roman literature, discussing each author's exclusive stance in...
Aurelius, Marcus. The meditations of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. New York: A.L. Burt, 189.
The. The "Aristotle". Home Page English 112 VCCS Litonline. Web. The Web.
Aurelius, Marcus. "Meditations." Ancient Philosophy. 3rd Ed. Philosophic Classics, vols. 1. Baird, Forrest E., and Walter Kaufman. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000.
Marcus Aurelius was a famous philosopher in 121 through 180 C.E. He lived a hard life and even though he was surrounded by crowds he was considered a recluse. He was known for his kindness and mercy. The last years of his life were spent on a military campaign. It is said that these years were the hardest and loneliest. However, instead of becoming bitter and angry Aurelius wrote The Meditations. This was a diary or journal of his personal thoughts. He believed that by writing this it was his duty to his soul. The Meditations, is a popular piece of stoic literature. In this paper I will be describing how Aurelius used stoicism in book two of The Meditations and what I liked and did not like about what he said.
Descartes, René (1596-1650). Trans. Donal A. Cress. Meditations on First Philosophy. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. 4th Ed, 1998.
Marcus Aurelius’ literary work, Mediations, has been seen throughout history as one of the most important literary works. It is similar to a journal, written by Aurelius during his life, about his life. Aurelius was a man who was unlike other emperors. While most other emperors disgraced themselves, he was an exception. There was no particular reason why he acted this way, and no external forces caused him to act this way. He was a man who could get whatever he wanted, whenever he wanted, and yet he didn’t use his power for his own benefit. He was afraid of doing what was wrong, and intended to live a life where he wouldn’t feel guilty about anything. He never wanted the things he wrote to be published; however they have given advice to many people over the years. Aurelius lived a lonely life, because there was no one as his equal, and anyone who talked to him was looking for something. Throughout the passages in Meditations, Aurelius makes a lot of really good observations.
Coplestone, Frederick. A History of Philosophy- Greece and Rome. New York: Image Books,1962. (pgs 64-70).
use of the limited teachers and resources that it had. There was a lot of
Kagan, Shelly. "Me and My Life." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. 94. (1994): 309-324. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. .
Gilbert, Allan H. "The Aristotelian Catharsis." The Philosophical Review 35.2 (1926): 301-14. Web. 5 Apr. 2014.