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Ethics in Technology
Privacy, Safety and Electronic Health Records
Ethics in Technology
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Self-interest
At the point when my healthcare association changed the frameworks to be more compelling to decrease twofold working around 6 years back. A circumstance where somebody I knew was impervious to change as recognized in self-interest. The vast majority of the more seasoned elderly laborers were impervious to this change since they were OK with the way things have been working for a considerable length of time utilizing the same out dated framework. While the change was constrained many were just centered and depending around their own impression of the change along these lines making them be safe. Not by any stretch of the imagination concentrating on the preferred standpoint the progressions could have for themselves alongside others inside the association. “New technologies have changed everyday lives of people, both at work and off-site”. (Baack, 2012).
Lack of understanding
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They were not tolerating to change and didn't comprehend that their records being electronic would take into account doctors and offices to recover their records to assist technique endorsements and takes into consideration us to get the required data if patients somehow happened to be conceded and not able to talk and furnish us with the required data to give phenomenal patient care. “Electronic patient records may bring both benefits and risks. In relation to the storage and sharing of sensitive personal health data, for example, there is a trade-off between making data accessible and protecting privacy, public trust in Internet-based information is low; and there are ethical and legal implications of potential security breaches in Internet-accessible record systems”. (Bratan, Stramer & Greenhalgh,
Historically, physicians and nurses documented patients’ health information using paper and pencil. This documentation created numerous errors in patients’ medical records. Patient information became lost or destroyed, medication errors occur daily because of illegible handwriting, and patients had to wait long periods to have access to their medical records. Since then technology has changed the way nurses and health care providers care for their patients. Documentation of patient care has moved to an electronic heath care system in which facilities around the world implement electronic health care systems. Electronic health records (EHR) is defined as a longitudinal electronic record of
It is not unreasonable for a patient to expect particular services from their healthcare providers. What services should be considered reasonable and which fall under the context of unreasonable? Should the specialist, your family physician referred you to, have access to your past medical history? What happens when you are traveling and have to make a trip to the emergency room, will your physician at home get all the information from that visit or will the ER physician have access to your medical history? Medical information recorded in paper format makes these tasks very difficult, if not impossible. "Fortunately, there is a growing movement to change that, using electronic information technology[3]." The use of this type of technology allows for "high-quality, safe, well-coordinated, and efficient care[4]." Society today is ever changing, we change jobs, location of residence, and doctors frequently. Many of our doctors and hospitals remain stuck in the medical stone age. While people speak of a medical "system," American medicine is in fact very unsystematic: it lacks standards, measures, and the ability to exchange information that constitute a true system. The medical industry has taken to every kind of clinical technology; from digital thermometers to CT scanners. However, the adoption of information technology in the medical industry lags behind the rest of our economy.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how Electronic Medical Records (EMR), affects healthcare delivery. I will discuss the positives and negatives this issue has on healthcare and how it effects the cost and quality for healthcare services. In addition, I will identify any potential trade-offs to cost or quality. Lastly, I will discuss how the EMR affects my job as well as any challenges or opportunities this issue presents.
The word ethics is derived from the Greek word ‘ethos’ meaning character or conduct. It is typically used interchangeably with word moral which is derived from the Latin word ‘moves’ which means customs or habits. Ethics refers to conduct, character and motivations involved in moral acts. Ethics are not imposed by a profession, by law but by moral obligation. It is unwritten code of conduct that encompasses both professional conduct and judgement. Ethics helps support autonomy and self-determination, protect the vulnerable and promotes the welfare and equality of human beings. An ethical dentist- patient relationship is based on trust, honesty, confidentiality, privacy and the quality of care.1
Change is rarely seen as blasé no matter what aspect of life is being modified. In Healthcare,
This statement has not only ran true for just the State of Nevada, but for cities throughout the United States and overseas, but what can technology do to provide a more efficient way to not just for overall better healthcare, and also protect the medical records of millions of trusting patients? With the implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), there is less room for errors and more opportunities to gain the trust of the patients through medical experience, but how does the electronic medical records affect health care delivery? One way that healthcare delivery is affect is the quality of care. A patient is more like to see a doctor who is already acquainted with their medical history even if this is the patient’s first time visiting with a doctor that is filling in for their re...
Utilitarianism can be used to describe the reasons why healthcare should be made available universally; why maximization of access to healthcare should be pursued for the greatest number of people (Wilson). Utilitarianism is a theory of consequences, in which the results of actions should determine their moral value. It can be summarized by the greatest happiness principle, which John Stuart Mill describes as “happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end” (Wilson). For Mill, pleasure is the prime motivator, and all beings must seek out maximum pleasure for themselves and others. This principle can be used to judge the morality of healthcare policies in terms of how they provide access to healthcare for the greatest number of people. In order to make the claim that healthcare is a human right is not sufficient; we must then be able to justify its expansion by illustrating its benefits (Wilson).
Health information opponents has question the delivery and handling of patients electronic health records by health care organization and workers. The laws and regulations that set the framework protecting a user’s health information has become a major factor in how information is used and disclosed. The ability to share a patient document using Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is a critical component in the United States effort to show transparency and quality of healthcare records while protecting patient privacy. In 1996, under President Clinton administration, the US “Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)” established national standards for the safeguard of certain health information. As a result, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 or (HIPAA) was established. HIPAA security standards required healthcare providers to ensure confidentiality and integrity of individual health information. This also included insurance administration and insurance portability. According to Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), an organization must guarantee the integrity, confidentiality, and security of sensitive patient data (Heckle & Lutters, 2011).
In healthcare there have many developments in record keeping and updating databases to be electronic however this has caused many conflicts to the system. It has brought issues such as privacy and confidentiality because the information is easier assessable to professionals within the NHS which causes benefit and dangers if the information is not protected. In essence it causes people to take legal action when their right has been breached with the UK law. This includes the Common Law of Confidentiality, the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Human Rights Act 1998.
Also, these studies question those who are effected; in this case, those who are most effected, is everyone. Doctors and nurses spend the most time working within these systems, but the information that is put into these systems effects every individual in America, because it is their information. Because nurses are often considered “both coordinators and providers of patient care” and they “attend to the whole patient,” their opinion is highly regarded (Otieno, Toyama, Asonuma, Kanai-Pak, & Naitoh, 2007, p. 210). It is clear that the use of these new systems is much debated, and many people have their own, individualized opinion. This information suggests that when there is a problem in the medical field, those who address it attempt to gather opinions from everyone who is involved before proceeding. It has been proven by multiple studies that this system of record keeping does in fact have potential to significantly improve patient health through efficiency, and it is because of this that the majority of hospitals have already completed, or begun the transfer from paperless to electronic (Otieno, Toyama, Asonuma, Kanai-Pak, & Naitoh,
The purpose of the Electronic Health Record is to provide a comprehensive, standardized and universal digital version of a patient 's health records. The availability of a patient 's digital health record provides health information and data for critical thinking and evidence based decision-making, aggregates patient data for quality assurance and research. The Electronic Health Record has been, "identified as a strategy for effectively and efficiently coordinating and maintaining documentation of patients health histories and as a secure method of providing more informed clinical decision making" (MNA, 2006).
The advances in medicine have dovetailed with technology, although this has often been an uneasy relationship. While the public can celebrate the positives of high-tech medicine and technology, its downside has been a loss of personal connection and fears of how patient information is used. The reality is, healthcare information technology is moving forward, but with an ear for improving performance by admitting its shortcomings and seeking ways to avoid patient rejection of all it has to offer. As improvements are made, CPOE has the potential to reduce medical errors by clarifying information before adverse events occur. Electronic health records and the sharing of vital information can perform remarkably well in reducing repeat testing and maintaining continuity of care between providers. As with any new system, HIT will evolve and with great hope and determination, change the way healthcare is delivered in the United
Managing Change: Who Moved my Cheese? Darrin Ruble National University Managing Change: Who Moved my Cheese? Rashid-Al-Abri (2007) claims that change in the healthcare industry has been a dramatic phenomenon that requires the personnel to accept changes or they will be surpassed by them. Therefore, there is the need to follow the steps of change: evaluation, planning, implementation, and management. The characters are different, but the individual control that these characters display plays a fundamental role in the acceptance and the administration of change.
The issue at hand constitutes that companies are not willing to look beyond their aging workforce, choosing instead to push them out of the technological loop rather than attempting to incorporate them as valuable assets. "There is enough research that says older workers are dependable, they can change, they can learn. What we haven' t come to grips with is that research and management practice are not always related" (Capowski, 1994, p. 10).
Change should be seen as a challenge and embraced with enthusiasm (Marquis & Huston, 2012). In my professional and personal life, I view and respond to change as a way to make improvements to existing regulations and circumstances. I embark upon the quest with determination to succeed at whatever task is presented to me. Life without change can become unchallenging and stagnant (Marquis & Huston, 2012). As society and technology advance, you must incorporate the necessary transformations that arise with it.