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Albert Bandura brought up the self-efficacy theory in 1977. The purpose of this paper is to explain this theory and compare it to my own personal philosophy, as well as explain how my own personal philosophy and the self-efficacy theory are demonstrated in nursing practice. The nursing metaparadigm consist of the person, environment, health/illness, and nursing (Creasia &Frieberg, 2011). Persons are those individuals receiving nursing care, such as patients, families and communities (Creasia &Frieberg, 2011). Environment refers to the setting where nursing care is provided, as well as the surroundings and internal factors affecting the client (Creasia &Frieberg, 2011). Health and illness refer to the state of well being of the person and nursing refers to the actions taken to provide care for the person (Creasia &Frieberg, 2011). The nursing metaparadigm plays an important role in the outcome of my patients. It is important to know that the attitude of a person, as well as the surroundings and support given to that same individual can make a difference in the outcome of the recovery process. Even if a patient’s internal factors and/or state of well being keep him from being positive and engaged in his treatment, the environment and nursing care provided for him will make the difference in his attitude. This in turn will give him the energy and willingness to assist in his/her own recovery and get better. Professional values that are incorporated into my nursing practice include veracity, kindness, support and understanding. It is important to be honest with patients and help them set realistic goals during their recovery process. It is also important to be kind to those that are ill, as they may not have the best attitude at tim... ... middle of paper ... ... they can accomplish, can affect the outcomes of their actions. Patient’s sense of self-efficacy can affect their treatment outcomes. However, as nurses, we must believe in our work and how we can make a difference in the experience and outcome of our patients. Works Cited Creasia, J.L., Frieberg, E.E., (2011) Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice. Fifth Edition. Elsevier Mosby. St Louis, Missouri 63043 Smith, M.J., Liehr, P.R., (2008) Middle Range Theory for Nursing. Second Edition. Springer Publishing Company LLC. New York, NY 10036 Zulkosky, K. (2009). Self-efficacy: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum Volume 44, No. 2, April-June 2009, pg 94-95. Retrieved from Faith University. Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44, 1175–1184. Retrieved from Faith University.
Nursing theories are based on four meta-paradigms which are commonly accepted in the nursing profession. These include nursing, person, health, and environment. These meta-paradigms are represented in Dr. Barnard’s Nursing PCI
These four concepts play a very important role throughout the care in every single patient we are in contact with. The concept of person is used to represent each individual patient, such as a man or a woman (Chitty & Black, 2014). In the nursing profession, we know that every person is different in their own way from many different factors such as, genetics and environment. As a nurse, we incorporate the different factors that make a person who they are today. According to Chitty & Black (2014), the concept of environment includes all the influences or factors that impact the individual. The environment plays an important role in either promoting or interfering with the patient’s health. The environment can consist of many different systems, such as family, cultural, social and community systems. All these different systems can play a role in the patient’s health. The third major concept of the metaparadigm is health. The concept of health varies from person to person and day-to-day with many different factors included (Chitty & Black, 2014). Health includes every part that makes a person whole, which includes being able to perform their everyday tasks in life effectively. The last concept of the metaparadigm is nursing. Nursing, being the final concept includes all the previous concepts of person, environment and health to create a holistic approach (Chitty & Black, 2014). The holistic approach promotes the well-being of the mind, body and spirit in our
Parker M. E., & Smith M. C. (2010). Nursing theories and nursing practice (3rd ed.).
McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Walker, L. O., & Avant, K. C. (1995). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT:
Fawcett, J. (2001). The nurse theorists: 21st-century updates - - Dorothea E. Orem. Journal of Nursing Science Quarterly, 14(1), 34-38. doi: 10.1177/08943180122108021.
Walker, L.O., & Avant, K. (2005). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
This interactive grand theory is grounded in humanist philosophy, which expresses the belief that humans are unitary beings and energy fields in constant interaction with the universal energy field. This model guides the nurse who is interested in “physiologic” and “psychological” adoptions (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 177). This model views the nurse as holistic adaptive system constantly interacting with different stimuli. And also explains how different sets of interrelated systems maintain a balance between various stimuli to promote individual and environmental transformation (Alkrisat & Dee, 2014). This model creates a framework to provide care for individuals in health and “in acute, chronic, or terminal illness” (Shah, Abdullah, & Khan, 2015, p. 1834). It focuses on improving basic life processes of individuals, families, groups of people; nurses see communities as holistic adaptive systems. It consists of three basic assumptions: philosophical, scientific, and cultural. And it also contains many defined concepts about the environment, health, person, goal of nursing, adaptation, focal, contextual, and residual stimuli, cognator and regulator subsystem, and stabilizer and innovator control processes (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p.
Around the 1960s, nursing educational leaders wanted to formulate a nursing theory that contained knowledge and basic principles to guide future nurses’ in their practice (Thorne, 2010, p.64). Thus, Jacqueline Fawcett introduced the metaparadigm of nursing. Metaparadigm “identifies the concepts central to the discipline without relating them to the assumptions of a particular world view” (MacIntyre & Mcdonald, 2014). Fawcett’s metaparadigm of nursing included concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing that were interrelated. The metaparadigm ultimately contributed to conceptual framework to guide nurses to perform critical thinking and the nursing process in everyday experiences in clinical settings.
Clinical confidence, and independence are two components of nursing practice such that cannot be perfected through classroom education, self-study or by reading the evidence based literature. Throughout my nursing education, I have struggled with as many of clinical instructors have put it “being too hard on myself”. Morrell & Ridgway (2014) highlight how students’ perception of a lack of knowledge often contributes to ongoing anxiety. My tendency of being highly critical of my abilities, and having a consistent sense of anxiety associated with practicing independently has been an ongoing challenge for me. Reflecting upon how I have coped with the challenges of developing, and maintaining clinical confidence is
Walker, L. O. & Avant, K. C. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
McEwen, M., & Wills, E. (2011). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (3 ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Self-efficacy is the belief that someone has the inherent ability to achieve a goal. A student who has a high self-efficacy allows himself to believe that he can be successfully academically.(Bozo & Flint, 2008) He believes that a challenging problem is a task that can be mastered This student is more committed to work in the classroom. (Schunk,1991). On the other hand, a student who has a low level of self-efficacy is likely to be academically motivated. He is more likely to avoid a task that is difficult, give up, make excuses, or lose confidence in his abilities (Margolis & McCabe, 2006). This failure becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Teachers need to find ways to motivate these students by increasing their self-efficacy.
Aligood, M. R. and Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing Theorists and Their Work (7th edition). Mosby.
The concept of self-efficacy is grounded in Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory. Bandura (1994) defines perceived self-efficacy as “people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce efforts” (p. 71). In essence, one having strong self-efficacy experience increase in motivation, accomplishment, and personal well-being ( Bandura, 1994). Those with a low sense of self-efficacy, on the other hand, often suffer stress and depression; unbelieving of their capabilities and often succumbed to failure (Bandura, 1994).