The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Self-Driving Cars Maximus Seale Quinsigamond Community College Abstract Self-driving cars will revolutionize the auto industry and transportation as we know it. Companies like Google and Uber are very close to bringing this technology to consumers and predict a market release date of 2020. However, autonomous vehicles are just part of a greater movement towards human dependence on artificial intelligence. As we become more dependent on them, and they more accurately and precisely complete jobs that were once performed by humans, what affect will this have on the job market? This research project will attempt to answer this important question by examining the impact of self-driving cars …show more content…
For the purpose of this paper, artificial intelligence is defined as a computer program that is capable of learning from its experiences and solving problems resourcefully, instead of simply executing preprogrammed commands. Computer consciousness is defined as the ability of artificial intelligence to have internal dialogue with itself; to have subjective experiences; and to possess awareness of its existence (Dournaee, 2010). Furthermore, the term autonomous vehicle will be used interchangeably with the terms AVs and self-driving cars. This paper will explore the rise of artificial intelligence and its social impact and ramifications. It will use self-driving cars and the future of transportation as an example of a broader phenomenon that is posed to change every industry and possibly—our very existence! Many scientist and computer programmers are asking “will artificial intelligence evolve to the level of consciousness comparable to humans?” Consequently, what ethical considerations must we ponder as we travel down this yellow brick …show more content…
Born in London in 1912, he went on to earn a BA at Cambridge University in 1934, and then his PhD at Princeton University in 1938. As a computer scientist and mathematician, he wrote a number of scholarly articles on the subject of computer thinking and machine intelligence. On a BBC radio program in 1951, he talked about a “computer program that would allow the machine to ‘learn by experience.’” During the talk he stated “There would be great opposition from the intellectuals who were afraid of being put out of a job, there would be plenty to do trying to understand what the machines were trying to say, i.e. to keep one’s intelligence up to the standard set up by the machines, for it seems probable that once the machine thinking method has started, it would not take long to outstrip our feeble powers.” Turing designed the electromechanical machine that is “generally considered to be one of the ‘first generation computers.’” Unfortunately, in 1954 while still developing his ideas, Turing died as a result of cyanide poison. His death was ruled a suicide, but some have argued accidental death (Guo, Dec
As this automation continues to take over, other aspects of everyday life will begin to change as well. One of these ways in particular is through the automation of vehicles (or "self-driving cars"). Over the last few years, many companies have been in the process of creating self-driving vehicles. Google has been developing self-driving vehicles under project Waymo, and said that they plan to launch self-driving taxis in Arizona by the end of 2018, and "by 2020, the firms say 20,000 self-driving Jaguar sport utility vehicles will be part of Waymo's fleet (Lee 2).
"Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness." Encyclopedia of Consciousness. Oxford: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2009. Credo Reference. Web. 26 April 2011.
Major incumbent companies expect that the autonomous driving systems will be ready for the market in five years. This may be optimistic, but by 2050, cars that drive themselves could well be major production units for companies like General Motors. GM first revealed in 2010 that it had been working on self-driving cars[1]. Last year, GM demonstrated that the prototypes can follow the pace of traffic, while allowing the driver to have his hands off the steering wheel.
Turing starts his renowned paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” with a simple question: “I propose to consider the question, ‘Can machines think?’ ” He believed that in about fifty years (from his day), it will be possible to make computers play ‘the imitation game’ so well that an average interrogator will not have more than 70 percent chance of making the right identification after five minutes of questioning. He also predicted that the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted. However, modern computer technology regarding Artificial Intelligence hasn’t quite met the expectation Turing has made about 60 years ago. It
Self-driving cars are now hitting a few roadways in America, and are showing people just a small glimpse into what could be the future of automobiles. Although Google’s self-driving cars are getting a lot of attention now, the idea of a self-driving car has been around for quite a while actually. These cars have been tested to their limits, but the American people have yet to adopt the technology into their everyday lives. A brief description of their history, how they work, and finally answer the question, will self-driving cars ever be adopted widely by the American public?
Companies like Google, Tesla and Nissan, among others, have announced over the past few years that their companies are trying to develop self-driving or autonomous cars [Ref. 1 and 2]. Self-driving cars can provide many benefits to the average consumer. Studies have shown that because computers can react and process information many times faster than a human being, crashes on streets and roads can be decreased with quick and consistent evasion maneuvers by the autonomous car. They can also help maximize fuel economy by calculating the most direct and fastest routes. When the driving of an autonomous car demonstrates that the computer can safely and reliably transport the passengers to their destination, this frees up the passengers to do other things that they would not normally be able to do if they were driving the car manually. For this reason, self-driving cars can help maximize productivity of their passengers.
Alan Mathison Turing was born in Paddington, London, on June 23, 1912. He was a precocious child and began his interests in science and mathematics at a young age, but was never concerned about other right-brain classes such as English. This continued until an important friend of his passed away and set Turing on a path to achieve what his friend could no longer accomplish. When his friend Christopher Morcom died, Turing was launched into thoughts in physics about the physical mind being embodied in matter and whether quantum-mechanical theory affects the traditional problem of mind and matter. Many say today that this was the beginnings of Turing’s Turning Machine and the test still used today for artificial intelligence, the Turing Test.
Technology is evolving faster than ever these days, however there is one technology that could revolutionize the transportation industry. This technology is called autonomous cars, also known as self-driving cars. Autonomous cars can be defined as a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment, and navigating without human input. Using different techniques such as GPS and radar, autonomous cars can detect surroundings, thus removing the human element in driving. This would have a positive effect in more ways than we could ever imagine. Research suggests that self-driving cars will become more abundant in the future because they will be more cost-effective, enhance safety, and decrease traffic congestion.
Alan Turing won a scholarship to King’s College in Cambridge. While there, he worked on a Mathematics degree, with which he won distinctions. Turing thrived in a culture that encouraged his interests and found protection as a gay man in the liberal college. When he was 22, Turing was elected to a Fellowship, which is impressive for that age. In 1936, Turing published a paper on what is now the foundation of computer science. Turing then spent two years at Princeton University developing ideas on ciphers. In September of 1939, Alan Turing joined Bletchley Park, Great Britain’s codebreaking campus.
The approach to artificial intelligence should be proceeded with caution. Throughout recent years and even decades before, it has been a technological dream to produce artificial intelligence. From movies, pop culture, and recent technological advancements, there is an obsession with robotics and their ability to perform actions that require human intelligence. Artificial intelligence has become a real and approachable realization today, but should be approached with care and diligence. Humans can create advanced artificial intelligence but should not because of the harm they may cause, the monumental advancement needed in the technology, and that its harm outweighs its benefits.
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
This work was done at Bletchley Park. During this time he made five very important advances in the field of cryptanalysis. After successfully breaking the enigma code, he then wrote two papers on breaking codes which would help the Government Communications Headquarters. Turing ended up back in London in the fortys to work at the National Physical Laboratory. Here he started what would be the groundwork that would help others later invent a personal computer. In 1950 he wrote another paper over artificial intelligence and also created an expirement called, “the Turing Test.” This experiment would influence several debates over
Alan Turing was a dedicated mathematician who devoted his lives works to developing computer knowledge, as we know it today. Alan was born in London, England on June 23, 1912. Alan soon began to attend a local school and his interest in the science fields arose. His teachers an others would try and make him concentrate on other fields such as History an English but his craving for knowledge of mathematics drove him the opposite way. Turing’s prosperous career in math started at King's College, Cambridge University in 1931. After graduation Alan moved on to Princeton University and that is where he explored his idea of a multi propose computer that used one’s and zero’s to describe the steps that needed to be done to solve a particular problem. His machine was later named the “Turning Machine”, which would read each of the steps and perform them in sequence, resulting in the proper answer. Turing had a vision of a computer that could do more than just a few tasks. Turing believed that an algorithm, which is a procedure for solving a mathematical problem in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an operation, or a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing an answer used by a computer. The hard part was finding what the little steps were a how to break down the larger problems.
For example, the self-driving car fleet from Uber is already under active development and testing in Pittsburg. Competitiveness with Google Translate and Apple Siri show promise with language learning. With improvements in computer vision and legged locomotion, robots for unstructured environments become practical; these might include agricultural and service settings and helping humans (especially the elderly and infirm) with domestic chores. Finally, as machines improve their grasp of language, search engines and "personal assistants" on mobile phones will change from indexing web pages to understanding web pages, leading to qualitative improvements in their ability to answer questions, synthesize new information, offer advice, and connect the dots. AI may also have a substantial impact on areas of science, such as systems biology, where the complexity and volume of information challenges human abilities. (Russell,
Artificial Intelligence “is the ability of a human-made machine to emulate or simulate human methods for the deductive and inductive acquisition and application of knowledge and reason” (Bock, 182). The early years of artificial intelligence were seen through robots as they exemplified the advances and potential, while today AI has been integrated society through technology. The beginning of the thought of artificial intelligence happened concurrently with the rise of computers and the dotcom boom. For many, the utilization of computers in the world was the most advanced role they could ever see machines taking. However, life has drastically changed from the 1950s. This essay will explore the history of artificial intelligence, discuss the