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History of the development of computers
History of the development of computers
The impact alan turing had on world war 2 essay
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Although he was in England at the time if it wasn’t for Alan Turing the world would be a different place. Without his contribution Americans would not only be speaking German but may even be under the power of Germany. Turing played a crucial role in the victory over Germany in world war 2, but that’s not all he did. Alan Turing, mathematician and educator, is known for practically inventing modern computers and breaking the German Enigma code. Turing was born on June 23rd, 1912 in London, England. From a young age his teachers could tell that he was special when it came to mathematics and sciences. When in highschool at a private school his teachers began to focus on literatures more than mathematics and science. Turing then took it uoin himself to learn theoretical mathematics. For college he attended Cambridge to continue his education in mathematics. In 1936 he published a paper that was essentially the foundation of his program for computers. The paper was entitled, “On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem.” The modern computer is practically based on his paper. Turing named it the, “Universal Turing Machine.” After his fellowship at King’s College he then furthered his education again by earning a Ph.D. from …show more content…
This work was done at Bletchley Park. During this time he made five very important advances in the field of cryptanalysis. After successfully breaking the enigma code, he then wrote two papers on breaking codes which would help the Government Communications Headquarters. Turing ended up back in London in the fortys to work at the National Physical Laboratory. Here he started what would be the groundwork that would help others later invent a personal computer. In 1950 he wrote another paper over artificial intelligence and also created an expirement called, “the Turing Test.” This experiment would influence several debates over
Back in the 18th Century everything was moderate and things were not as advanced as they are today. Most people had to do things by hand or some did have machines, but they would still have to be use their hands to control it. But one man saw that all this can change while he was working one day. And he became famous for his invention and from that point on he changed the way machines were made.
At some point in our lives, we have wondered about the possibility of a computer being able to think. John Searle addresses this issue in his paper, “Can Computers Think?”, where he argues that computers cannot think because they are directed by formal information. This means that the information presented is only syntax with no semantics behind it. In this paper, I will elaborate more on Searle’s position and reasoning whilst critiquing his argument by saying that it is possible to derive semantics from syntax. Finally, I will analyze the significance of my criticism and present a possible response from Searle to defend his argument.
The Turing test was a test that allows humans to evaluate the question “can machines think?” Turing evaluates that one should not ask if machines can think, but conduct an experiment which can prove that it can think. In order to answer this question, Turing created
One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the imitation game, since it is basically a game in which a computer imitates a conversating human. In an analysis of the Turing Test I will focus on its features, its historical background and the evaluation of its validity and importance.
Turing continued working on the digital computer and ideas in artificial intelligence until he died on June 7, 1954. He was found with a half-eaten apple loaded with cyanide, the half-eaten apple a familiar symbol of innocence. Some say he had committed suicide over an embarrassing incident with a 19-year old student , while his mother says he was just performing another experiment with household chemicals and became careless. Whichever it may be, Alan Turing passed away and left the world with many raw ideas to work out. In my opinion, the biggest contribution that he left with us was his idea of a single machine running off a finite number of algorithms to perform multiple tasks. This being the vision of the computers we all use today.
Created by English mathematician Alan Turing, the Turing test (formerly known as the imitation game) is a behavioral approach that assesses a system’s ability to think. In doing so, it can determine whether or not that system is intelligent. This experiment initiated what is now commonly known as artificial intelligence.
Alan Turing being the protagonist of this film undergoes many scenes of conflict which makes the film more appealing to the audience by allowing them to either relate to him or sympathise for him. There are many scenes where Turing is advised to keep his gender preference under the radar or even black mailed to keep quiet under the threat of telling authorities that he is a homosexual. There is a scene where Turing finds the Soviet Spy in Bletchley Park who turns out to be John Cairncross. Cairncross catches Turing before he spreads the secret and says "if you tell them my secret I'll tell them your's". Another example of black mail is when Stewart Menzies, who is in on Cairncross's undercover work, finds out of Turing's knowledge and blackmails Turing in the same way Cairncross did. These examples of the protagonist being seen in conflict makes the film more appealing to the audience by making the character seem more relatable as everyone in life come across different types of conflict and it is appealing to see how other people overcome their
Alan Turing left an indelible mark on the world with technological inventions, extraordinary talent, and productive habits. His dedication to hard work and perseverance against the discouragement of bullying provide fantastic examples for anyone to emulate. Also, the inventions of the Turing Machine and the Bombe were the primary reasons why computers existed during the last sixty years, and were important factors in the demise of Nazi Germany. Finally, for one to truly understand why Turing was important in world history, he should envision life without modern technology and
Mathematicians, chess players, linguists, statisticians and engineers were recruited from all around Britain. At its hight the Bletchley operation involved ten thousand people and Alan Turing was one of the first to arrive. He had always shown interests in codes and ciphers in school but now he found him self actually responsible for real methods in a very real world with the most complicated mechanical ideas that had probably been used in fight against the German Enigma machine. “Turing’s most important contribution I think was a part of the design of the bombe, the cryptanalytic machine.
Alexander Graham Bell was a notable scientist and engineer that changed the world with his invention of the telephone. Without the telephone, everyone would not have a reliable communication device. Alexander Graham Bell is considered one of the most influential people in human history.
Computer engineering started about 5,000 years ago in China when they invented the abacus. The abacus is a manual calculator in which you move beads back and forth on rods to add or subtract. Other inventors of simple computers include Blaise Pascal who came up with the arithmetic machine for his father’s work. Also Charles Babbage produced the Analytical Engine, which combined math calculations from one problem and applied it to solve other complex problems. The Analytical Engine is similar to today’s computers.
Thomas (Alva) Edison was one of America’s most important and famous inventors. Edison was born into a time and place where there wasn’t much technological advancements. His inventions helped a lot of things quickly change in the world. His inventions contributed to many inventions today such as the night light, movies, telephones, and records and CDs.
A handful of the events of World War remained mysteries for years and years. Decades later, one particular piece of classified information was revealed to the cities of the world. The film, The Imitation Game tells the story of solving the unbreakable, German Enigma machine, winning the war, and saving millions of lives. Throughout the film, Alan Turing shares life experiences and through his work shows the importance of perseverance despite outside disbelief and negativity. Alan never let go of his idea of a digital machine and looked past the people around him who were uncertain. Instead, he embraced those who had confidence in his ability and idea. Without his perseverance, the basic principles of a modern day computer would never exist.
There could of been no phones today or computers,we have like this today. He was important because he came up with the idea and was able to make a call and it worked. The text states,”Bell worked with Thomas Watson on the design and patent of the first practical telephone. This is why he was important, now what did this do to change things.
Turing, Alan. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence. Margaret A. Boden, ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1990. 40-66.