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Language acquisition nature
The different stages of language acquisition in children
The different stages of language acquisition in children
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Introduction
Teachers hold the role of inspiring and encouraging each of their students to strive for greatness and success with their academics and their future endeavors. Instructing students in the United States not only depends on specific school subjects but also involves efficiently structuring teaching methods for a diversity of students. Centralized subject pertaining to bilingual teachers, which are also known as ESL (English as a second language) teachers. All teachers that hold a bilingual certification require specific training to work with students who are dominant in a certain language and are transitioning into English. So if teachers hold a role of encouraging and involving every student, does the attitude and perception
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The concepts that are focused on for this research include, teachers perception, ESL students, and efficacy, which is based on how a teacher views bilingual education, organizes their instruction for these students, and the effectiveness used to bring out a desired outcome. English language learners require specific assistance and guidance through their transition so that they are able to improve and excel in their academic journey. It is important to note that teachers who are bilingually certified must always implement the particular methods that they have been trained for in order to be successful in their instruction to their ESL students. This research is aimed specifically towards elementary school students because this is the time that their language development begins to grow. A previous study from Gandara, Maxwell-Jolly and Driscoll (2005) found that there has been a continuous increase in the number of English language learners in particular regions of the United States. This 2005 research study also states that ESL students in the state of California have an extremely low passing rate of just 10% for the English Language Arts course (Gandara et.al, 2005). Problems such as these arise from an inadequate amount of ESL teachers, ineffective teaching strategies as well as teachers perceptions and involvement with these students. Therefore presented is our research question, does the implementation of specific ESL teaching strategies positively impact ESL student success in the area of language
The purpose of this study is to figure out which ways experienced teachers work best with culturally and linguistically diverse students. This study illustrates which strategies experienced teachers have found to work best. The diversity in school in the United States has increased each year. This means that there are an increasing amount of students who are learning English, English language learners (ELLs). This article comes from the perspective that each child should be taught to their specific needs. All students deserve a fair chance to learn. Fair means that every student is treated differently, not equally. Every student learns differently. In order to give every student a fair chance at learning, you must teach them according to their needs. An experienced teacher, Tiffany, describes her experiences working with culturally and linguistically diverse students. This study watches her methods and discusses what works based on data analysis of the success of her students.
I found it interesting that of the three ELL teachers interviewed, only one had a personal ELL experience. This teacher teaches at my middle school. She moved here from Poland when she was nine years old. She didn’t know any English besides basic words like colors and days of the week. This personal experience can help her immensely, because she understands the experience of her students and the students can relate to her. This teacher is the only one who is bilingual of the three I interviewed. Interestingly, it is also two of the three teachers first year teaching ELL. These two educators were aides in the program before this teaching job, and they both received their endorsements from the IRC. The other elementary teacher has been teaching ELL for twenty years, and has lots of experience.
Every year, the number of immigrants in the U.S. has grown “significantly.” Chen predicts that by the year of 2020, public schools will have at least 50 percent of students that are non-English speakers (¶5). This shows that it is important that public schools have a successful ESL program. The purpose of ESL programs is “to enhance” ESL students learning, to help students’ “emotional well-being”, and to accelerate students’ ability to learn the new language. According to Chen, some district schools have failed to support ESL students’ learning. For example, Chen stated that “...[some] school districts [have been] accused of not meeting t...
The population of the United States increased with school age children speaking English as their second language. Strong community leaders and school districts are needed to ensure English language learners attend effective programs that teach them English and push them to graduate successfully (Buysse, Castro, and Peisner-Feinberg, 2010). School districts across America use their own approach to accommodate the learning of English language learners by having a single or combination of programs (Li and Edwards, 2010). Dual language programs allow children to collaborate in developmental levels such as cognitive with tasks in English and Spanish (Pascopella, 2011). English language learners and English proficient students learn from each other.
With inadequate or incorrect knowledge, teachers cannot engage in classroom practices that are best suited for all learners. Research suggests that educational experiences and levels may make or break teachers when it comes to being open and effective in reaching ELL students. Byrnes, Kigler, and Manning (1997) surveyed 191 classroom teachers from Arizona, Utah, and Virginia in order to gage teacher attitudes about language diversity. 13 items were measured and there were five independent variables that assessed experiences with ELL students. Data from the survey was analyzed using analysis of variance technique (ANOVA). There were four positive variables that were found to be associated with positive language attitudes among the teachers surveyed, and a graduate degree (held by 24% of those surveyed) was one of these
In the last twenty years, the population of linguistically diverse school age-children has increased exponentially (Short & Echevarria, 2004, p.9). In order to effectively serve students with different language backgrounds it is important that teachers use strategies that benefit all students. Adrienne L. Harrell and Michael Jordan (2008) found that students need strategies that use explicit language objectives, provide constant reinforcement of academic language, make connections to prior knowledge, and give opportunities to read, write and speak in English to support their language development (p. 5). The presence of these strategies in a classroom with a mixture of ELL students and native English speakers only enhances the learning experience
Ovando, C. J., Combs, M.C., & Collier, V.P. (2006) Bilingual & ESL classrooms: Teaching multicultural contexts. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill
Bilingual education involves teaching material in two languages. In America, this includes ESL (teaching English as a second language) for students whose native language is not English. Bilingual education simply helps those students who would otherwise be helpless in actually learning the material in their English-only classes. It also helps English-speaking Americans learn another language, like Spanish. This is useful to them because America’s demographics are indeed becoming more diverse and thus, better language skills should be employed. Implementing bilingual education in the school curriculum is due to the passing of legislation at the government level. As of now, English immersion programs exist because of the Bilingual Education Act (a.k.a Title VII), which was passed along with the Civil Rights Act in 1964. (Cerda; Hernandez, 2006) At that time, it was expected to change ethnoc...
After viewing the panel discussion about how our local school districts have implemented English Language Learning in their school, I am very intrigued. From what I gathered the field of ELL is a growing industry in education, especially in Colorado Springs. We have ELL’s students coming from all over the world. Here in Colorado Springs alone, school districts have to accommodate for over fifty different languages spoken by ELL’s. I can only imagine the challenge that comes with such a diverse group of non- English speakers in our community schools.
When visiting just about any school across America, students who attend come from all over the globe. This raises the question across America about bilingual education. This can create many challenges in and out of the classroom. The classroom should be a safe place for all students regardless of what native language they speak. In the essay Lost in translation written by Eva Hoffman, describes a foreign student who tries hard to fit in. Instead, Eva begins to feel angry, hurt and confused because people laugh at her. In Guiding Principles for Dual Language Education by Elizabeth R. Howard, Julie Sugarman, Donna Christian Center for Applied Linguistics Kathryn J. Lindholm-Leary San José State University David Rogers Dual Language Education of New Mexico. Guiding principles gives great ideas to educators to stop kids from making other students feel the way that Eva felt. After reading several articles about bilingual education, it is evident that all children in school should learn English but never lose their native language. When all the students speak one language, students will be less likely to make fun of each other. A good educator should learn enough foreign languages to aid them in effective communication in their classroom although; if an educator does not speak a foreign language, they should recruit within the classroom students to be peer mentors. However, a teacher should be willing to listen and encourage the students. Above all a good educator should be a good role model to their students by respecting their heritage and their language.
According to Ovando & Combs (2012) bilingual education cannot be considered as a single uniform program nor seen as a consistent methodology to teach ELLs, but rather as an approach that involves a variety of programs that might pursue different linguistic goals. Baker (2011) notes that the term bilingual education is a “simplistic label for a complex phenomenon” (p. 207). Baker (2011) maintains that there is a difference between classrooms in which instruction promotes bilingualism through the use of two languages and classrooms in which there are bilingual students instructed through basically monolingual education in a second
My personal language learning experiences influence the instruction on my EL students by my ability to be patient with them and try to understand where they are coming from. I have learned that I do not appreciate when conclusions are assumed because of external factors in which I have no control. I try and take that knowledge and apply it to my EL students. One of the most important lessons I have learned and apply to my teaching is one of love. Love is powerful and strong. It possesses the unique ability to stretch across any language, social, political, or any other barrier prevalent in a child’s life. As a child all I desired love and that is what I consistently and tirelessly offer each of my students EL or not.
1. Classroom rules and procedures. In each one of my classes I observed, there were classroom rules posted somewhere in the classroom. Being in a middle school setting, the rules and procedures were very general and to the point.
In 2009, teachers of a New Jersey school banned foreign languages and stated, “any language other than English will not be tolerated" (Debaron 1). This situation was soon no longer allowed. While over ten percent of the total adolescent education systems contain emergent bilinguals, a whopping sixty percent of those students are educated in only English (Bale). Maria Estela Brisk, a Boston College Education professor, believes, “schools has wasted much energy in the search for a "perfect" model and the best way to learn English” when they could just focus on proving “quality education” to every student in the system (1). Teacher’s main priority should consist of effectively teaching their students to prepare them for the future, but currently there are a lack of certified bilingual education teachers. When students are taught more in different ways, they can educationally benefit their cognitive abilities, involving the brain with “mathematics, problem solving, logic and memory”, can be improved to create an overall better student. Even by learning another language at a earlier age can contribute to __________. Learning another language will be
Regardless of what type of characteristics an ESL student falls into, learning and comprehending English is a tough challenge for them to fully grasp the complexities of the second language, however, the number of these students is growing vastly in public schools. According to Douglass Horsford, & Sampson (2013) nearly one in every ten public school students (roughly 4.5 million of 50 million total students) were classified as English language learners (ELL’s) during the 2010-2011 school year. The approximate number of people living in America that spoke a language that was not English was around 57 million. Among those people, about 4.7 million were school age children enrolled in either a bilingual or English a Second Language program at