At 11pm on the 16 January 1943, the 152m long T2 tanker 'Schenectady' broke in two amidships while lying at the outfitting dock in the constructor's yard in Portland, Oregon, USA. The temperature of the harbor water was about 4°C and the conditions were still. The air temperature was approximately -3°C and the winds were light. The failure was sudden and accompanied by a report that was heard a mile away. The fracture extended through the deck, the sides of the hull, the longitudinal bulkheads and the bottom girders. The vessel jack-knifed, hinging on the bottom plate which had remained intact. The central part of the ship rose clear of the water so no flooding of the hull through the fracture occurred.
Causes of failure The failure of the
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However, in case of the
Schenectady, another factor adds to the reason. The Liberty Ships were all-welded constructions, which was a new technology at that time. This process was implemented to speed up the production and increase the cargo capacity by reducing the vessel's dead load. However, the shortage of skilled workers is the reason why insufficiently trained personnel were employed as welders, resulting in poor weld quality. In this case, significant flaws in the welds acted as stress raisers causing the fracture to start.
Significant of problem and Conclusion
Today, more than 60 years later it is hard to give suggestions. It is apparent that a steel quality that had a higher fracture toughness at low temperature would have prevented many ships from failing. It is also obvious that more experienced and better educated welders could have produced welds without or at least with fewer and smaller flaws. Today, it is commonly understood that rectangular corners have to be avoided in order to prevent stress concentration. However, considering the constraints of that time, considering the fact that large cargo ships were needed quickly, sufficient steel not being available and qualified labor being short, there are not many improvements that could have been suggested at that
By the second torpedo, all the men on The USS Indianapolis were wide awake. Things were starting to go wrong on the USS “Indy.” Flames were venting and all the power h...
The Northerners were warned about this ironclad “monster” and were waiting for this moment a long time. When the Merrimac came into view she fought the Cumberland and ended up destroying it. The shell burst into the rail and knocked down nine men of the Cumberland. In the end the Merrimac destroyed the Cumberland. But no ship in the navy ever fought as hard or as brave as the Cumberland did.
During the 1840’s and 1850’s America experienced its golden age in shipping and sailing.1 At the front of this era was Donald McKay whose innovative ship designs lead to the numerous sea speed records, some of which stand today. For most of the early 19th century American ship building consisted of merchant and cargo ships. It took a long time for these ships to sail across seas. With the increased speed came decreased time to wait for pay. Another need for increased speed was the California gold rush of 1849. People wanted to make the trip as quickly as possible in order to stake their claims. Donald McKay’s clipper ships enabled people to do that.
From the beginning to end, the ships had to go through many changes in order to accommodate all of the cargo. The first ships used suffered greatly in the African water because they were wooden. As time passed the ships were modified for the journeys. For example, copper was added to help fight against shipworms. Rediker mentions in the book the details of how the ship is built and he even includes the measurements of the wood used and the supplies needed. Shortly after explaining this, he mentions the beatings some of the crew had to take if they were to mess up any part of the ship.
Surveyors onboard the Coast Guard vessel Sir William Alexander, which was dispatched to assess the Kurdistan's damage, advised the tanker to slowly proceed to Sydney, the nearest port of refuge. However, a short time later the Kurdistan split in two, spilling 7000 tons of oil from the number 3 tanks into the turbulent water. Surprisingly, the two sections of the vessel remained intact, and neither leaked any oil. In a daring rescue, all of the 41 crew members were removed from the stern section by the Sir William Alexander.
...tself 500ft below the water, none of them have been proven indefinitely. Whether the ship crossed the Superior Shoal, with water as shallow as 22 feet; or the ship suffered a stress fracture and broke apart on the surface, there will always be one more possibility regarding the Fitzgerald’s demise. For instance, the sip could have also succumbed to the forces of the Three Sisters, a Lake Superior phenomenon, consisting of massive waves. Ultimately, each of these current theories are merely conjectures, and since each holds the possibility of being true, the cause of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald’s sinking is an ongoing mystery, one that has and will continue to bring about many theories. Finally, as a result of the wreck of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald, the 30 million people who lived next to the great lakes would forever look across their waters with renewed respect.
On the morning of 3 July 1988, shortly after sunrise, the USS Vincennes moved itself north to investigate "sounds of explosions" as reported by the USS Elmer Montgomery. However, this command decision by CAP...
MARIST COLLEGE’S IMC EFFORTS The mission of Marist college is to help students develop the intellect, character and skills necessary to lead enlightened, ethical and productive lives in the twenty-first century. It is important that all forms of communication that originate from the institution must have a same look which will guarantee Marist a brand name. The overall IMC strategy of Marist college involves the development of an identity for the institution whose main objective is to enhance student learning.
... middle of paper ... ...& Co. (2009). The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. The Ship Magnificent, Vol. 2. Conclusion Due to The Titanic's incident engineers have improved on the building of ships with the aid of modern technology and durable materials which is able to withstand hard pressures exerted on it, and it has also enabled them to build bigger ships which has the capacity of caring large number of people, as well as more number of survival boats, and emergency radio communicators, computer and satellite to enable the captain or crew members to get help when faced in trouble in bad waters, etc.
In When Success Leads to Failure, Jessica Lahey is faced with a tough situation involving a student, whose love for learning is fading, and a parent who does not seem to understand why. Lahey establishes that parents are starting to teach children to fear failure, and the fear is what is destroying their love for learning (Lahey). I support Lahey’s proposition that kids are beginning to hate learning because children are taught that failure is not an option. In today’s society, many teachers and especially parents push children to only strive for success and to fear failure, which results in many children’s growing hatred for learning.
In Book I of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle states that the ultimate human goal or end is happiness. Aristotle then describes steps required for humans to obtain the ultimate happiness. He also states that activity is an important requirement of happiness. A virtuous person takes pleasure in doing virtuous things. He then goes on to say that living a life of virtue is something pleasurable in itself. The role of virtue to Aristotle is an important one, with out it, it seems humans cannot obtain happiness. Virtue is the connection one has to happiness and how they should obtain it. My goal in this paper is to connect Aristotle’s book of Nicomachean Ethics to my own reasoning of self-ethics. I strongly agree with Aristotle’s goal of happiness and conclude to his idea of virtues, which are virtuous states of character that affect our decision making in life.
The water temperature that night was below freezing. The wrought iron rivets that fastened the hull plates to the Titanic's main structure also failed because of brittle fracture during the collision with the iceberg. Low water temperatures contributed to this failure [Garzke and others, 1994].
Failure is apart of life, it can make or break a person. When a person experiences a type of failure it is now up to them to see how they respond. They can choose the high road, and become a stronger person for it. Then they can choose the low road, the easy way out. The easy way out is never a good choice. It can lead only to destruction. The high road is the right choice to take when responding to failure. It will lead down a path of success. Jessica Lahey’s article, “When Success Leads to Failure” is an article that shows how kids are experiencing failure. Lahey says that, “these kids have a fear for failure, and that they have given up natural loves for learning. They are scared of not being successful”(Lahey). The truth is life is hard there will be failure. There is nothing in this world that comes easy to anyone.
Failure happens when something isn't successful. Failure is a thing that all people can learn from. Failures can be used as lessons so that the failure will not be repeated again. One of my greatest failures in life that I've experienced and learned from would be from the time of my first grade year. I didn’t take school seriously when I was in the first grade and made terrible grades. After this failure, it made change the outlook on school and I started trying. I learned that I need to take school serious or else I will do bad in school. This failure lead to success in school and I started making good grades which will help later on in life.
“The failure is the mother of success” this Chinese quote said that failure is not the end. Failure is where people learn from their mistake. People cannot be successful all the time. Indeed, there are many people who learned from their failures before being successful. Each failure that people had met is a helpful lesson and valuable experience to help them become a better person.