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Slavery in America
The beginning of slavery 1600
Slavery in America
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Marcus Rediker is the author of “The Slave Ship”. Marcus earned his M.A. and Ph.D. in History from Virginia Commonwealth University. He taught at Georgetown for 12 years and right now he is Distinguished Professor of Atlantic History at the University of Pittsburgh. Marcus has also written and co-written nine other books. He has been a part of creating other novels that are similar to the topic of “The Slave Ship”, so his degrees and experience with this makes him more than qualified to write on this subject.
The book takes place in the Atlantic Trading Triangle which was used to carry slaves and other goods across the Atlantic during the 1700 and 1808. Rediker uses first-hand accounts of the of the slaves that were passengers to illustrate
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Rediker is able to depict vivid images of some of the events that had taken place on the slave ships. It’s hard to imagine the conditions the slaves were kept in throughout their transportation. It’s easy to pick up on Rediker’s central argument: The horrible acts committed against the slaves throughout the whole process is unjustified and unforgivable. Beatings were more than common for not only the slaves but the crew members of the ships as well. Some captains of the slave ships had their crew members whipped, beaten and sometimes even murdered for not following orders. One of the ways the captains put fear into the slaves were public beatings. Rediker even discusses a murder in front of the other slaves where the body was dismembered. Death on the ships had reached a point where sharks would just follow the ships and wait for bodies to thrown in the water to them.
Most slaves brought on board were strangers, but they all suffered the same torture. The slaves not only suffered from physical pain, but emotional and mental pain as well. For example, they were chained and shackled. Their spirits were crushed on multiple occasions and anytime they even thought about rebelling, they were tortured and that thought was beaten out of them. Some even refused to eat and those that did were beaten until they changed their
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She attempted to run away on her journey toward the ship, but she was eventually caught. These kidnappings didn’t only happen to the slaves, often the crew members of the ships had also been kidnapped and forced on the journey similar to the slaves From the beginning to end, the ships had to go through many changes in order to accommodate all of the cargo. The first ships used suffered greatly in the African water because they were wooden. As time passed the ships were modified for the journeys. For example, copper was added to help fight against shipworms. Rediker mentions in the book the details of how the ship is built and he even includes the measurements of the wood used and the supplies needed. Shortly after explaining this, he mentions the beatings some of the crew had to take if they were to mess up any part of the ship. Along with the struggles the ships faced with Mother Nature, they faced many other problems along the way. One of the biggest problems was the disease. Disease was a problem for all of the people onboard, not just the slaves. Many men traveling to Africa often died before returning home because their bodies were accustomed to the atmosphere there. The poor conditions of the boat contributed to the disease spread amongst the people on the
The Atlantic Slave Trade affected millions of lives throughout the centuries that it existed and now many years later. It was so widely and easily spread throughout four continents and with these documents we get to read about three different people with three different point of views. A story of the life as a slave from an African American slave himself, how the slave trade was just a business from the point of view from merchants and kings, and letter from King Affonso I referring to the slave trade to King Jiao of Portugal.
One of the major questions asked about the slave trade is ‘how could so Europeans enslave so many millions of Africans?” Many documents exist and show historians what the slave trade was like. We use these stories to piece together what it must have been to be a slave or a slaver. John Barbot told the story of the slave trade from the perspective of a slaver in his “A Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea.” Barbot describes the life of African slaves before they entered the slave trade.
As these sources have illustrated due to the high demand for free labor, slavery became a prominent problem through this era. However, African enslaved did not simply obey their capture. The primary source The Slaves Mutiny written by in 1730 by William Snelgrave focuses on another aspect of slavery that the other sources didn’t quite touch on, or go into much depth, and that would be slave revolt or mutiny. Author Snelgrave explains that “several voyages proved unsuccessful by mutinies.”# As author Snelgrave states upon ““what induced them (the African slaves) to mutiny? They answered, “I was a rogue to buy them, in order to carry them away form their own country, and that they were resolved to regain their liberty if possible.”# Author Snelgrave states, “They had forfeited their freedom before I bought them, either by crimes or by being taken in war, according to the custom of their country, and they now being my
...cted fellow, who on account of his illness was suffered to be out of irons, followed their example. I believe many more would very soon have done the same if they had not been prevented by the ship's crew, who were instantly alarmed. Those of us that were the most active were in a moment put down under the deck, and there was such a noise and confusion among the people of the ship as I never heard before to stop her and get the boat out to go after the slaves. However, two of the wretches were drowned, but they got the other and afterwards flogged him unmercifully for thus attempting to prefer death to slavery.
An estimated 8 to 15 million Africans reached the Americas between the 16th and 19th century. Only the youngest and healthiest slaves were taken for what was called the middle passage of the triangle trade, partly because they would be worth more in the Americas, and they were also the most likely to reach their destination alive. Conditions aboard the ship were very gruesome; slaves were chained to one anoth...
Which truly is a horrible punishment, comparing to the convicts there had been some boundaries that were made for their punishment. Also with the work they did, could at times be similar but was mostly not the same, and the most similar thing for both of them would be the transportation of them from place to place. Summing it all up, the slaves had it that bit more harsher for the reason of they would be treated with no care what so ever, always having the possibility of doing something wrong could cause them to
This makes for a very interesting read. Johnson’s personal writing style does not shine through much due to the way he chose to build narrative around historical sources, but nevertheless he tells an interesting, cohesive story that draws the reader in and exposes some of the insidious history surrounding the trade of slaves in our history. The book is divided into seven sections, ten including the introduction and epilogue, as well as a section dedicated to illustrations of historical documents alluded to in the text. Johnson also includes a section entitled “Notes,” where he has compiled his sources. The “Notes” section is not a straight bibliography. It also includes helpful author notes describing the context of sources that did not fit in the main narrative, and references for those wanting to do their own research. For example, one note includes information on a book by Tadman which contains information on the number of slaves traded. The author includes a summary, including migration numbers and the percentage of those numbers directly related to the trade. This section is helpfully divided and labeled, with the notes referred to in each part of the book labeled by section. Each notation and illustration is referenced within the text by numbers, which coincide with each note or illustration offering more
conditions aboard ship were dreadful. The maximum number of slaves was jammed into the hull, chained to forestall revolts or suicides by drowning. Food, ventilation, light, and sanitatio...
Reynolds, Mary. The American Slave. Vol. 5, by Che Rawick, 236-246. Westport , Conneticut: Greenwood Press, Inc, 1972.
The author, Peter Kolchin, tried to interpret the true history of slavery. He wants the readers to understand the depth to which the slaves lived under bondage. In the book, he describes the history of the Colonial era and how slavery began. He shows us how the eighteenth century progressed and how American slavery developed. Then it moves onto the American Revolution, and how the American slaves were born into class. It was this time that slave population was more than twice it had been. The Revolutionary War had a major impact on slavery and on the slaves.
Klein, Herbert S. The middle passage: Comparative studies in the Atlantic slave trade. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press , 1978. 282. Print.
All were subject to harsh circumstances and the relentless fears of shipwreck and disease outbreaks. It took as long as five to twelve weeks, depending on the weather circumstances and point of departure. The captain and the crew workers treated the slaves like wild animals, giving them barely enough food to survive and leaving them to suffer with lice, fleas, and rats, which led to many diseases (“Middle Passage”). The records stated that about two –thirds of the fatalities were caused by malaria, yellow fever, and intestinal disorders (Postma 25). The enslaved Africans were linked with heavy iron chains around their hands and feet with barely enough room to lie down (Howarth). Constant odors of urine, vomit...
On the second leg of this trade slaves were transported to the West Indies, this leg was called the middle passage. This part was horrible for the slaves. About 50% of all the slaves on one ship would not make it to the West Indies because of disease or brutal mistreatment. Hundreds of men, woman and children were cramped together for most of the journey, occasionally able move an almost decent amount.
Nowadays, students describe slavery based on what they read or learned. Students cannot be able to understand the true meaning behind the word “slavery.” The only people that can understand are the ones who went through it. For them, it is hard to look back from the most brutality and sorrowful years of their lives and yet they chose to write their experience. That is why in school, teachers are requiring narrative books for students to understand the main character’s point of view and apply the moral story to the real world. One of the famous books that English teachers are recommending is the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: an American Slave. It also includes two different introductions of Houston Baker and Peter Gomes and an
Also, the ship’s crew often treated the Africans badly; they often whipped them because many of the people resisted and tried to escape from the cargo ship.