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Learning and memory? psychology
Psychology module - memory
The psychological basis of memory
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Our brains are powerful biological computers with the ability to retain long term memories. Imagine that a baby is learning to walk and finally takes that great leap of faith in his body. The baby takes his first step forward, then another and a few more steps are taken and then the babies wobbly legs give way. The baby falls flat on its buttocks. Instantly the baby has taken one of first rite of passages that is universal to humanity. Learning to walk as a child the ability to overcome previous barriers and broken free into new territory. Often times these memories consist of the various forms of formal and inform rite of passages that humans accumulate over their long lives. The brain remembers these memories because they hold importance …show more content…
As usual in academia there are conflicting definitions. The dictionary definition is a ritual associated with a crisis or a change of status (as marriage, illness, or death) for an individual and the first use was reported only as far back as 1909 (Rite of passage (n.d.). Yet, Santrock (2013) states that the definition is . According to Delaney (1995) the forms of adolescent rites of passage vary greatly; however, the need for separation, involvement of an elder, transition, and a recognized change in status is clear (Delaney 1995). Delaney continues directing the conversation towards how adolescence and rite of passages go hand and hand. These elements are found ubiquitously in the behavior of human at this stage of life (Delaney 1995). If our society does not adequately provide for these needs in a formalized structure, young people will seek to create their own rites (Delaney 1995). Nevertheless, the general idea of a rite of passage is grasped, and the time of adolescence is filled with more examples of rite of passages than any other period in a human …show more content…
Manifest Destiny was a rite of passage for an entire national growing into adolescence by expanding the American ideals and culture west far from where the original 13 colonies began. Specifically, Whitman calls upon the “tan faced children” to go into the “mightier world”. The same as when a student graduates from high school and must enter the large unknown world. He even mentions the “elder races”, referring to the England and other colonizing countries, and meaning the parent figure for the rite of passage to separate from. Whitman mentions five times referring to youthful aspects of audience he is writing to. Whitman is rallying America to go through a rite of passage to conquer the unbroken west. He speaks of the burden one must undertake to go through the rite of passage which forewarned that the moment in time will dictate one’s actions till the next rite of passage
Even our social interactions with others are dependent upon what we remember. In a sense it can be said that our identity relies on an intact memory, and the ability to remember who we are and the things that we have done. Almost everything we do depends on our ability to remember the past.
Dunham, R. M., Kidwell, J. S., & Wilson, S. M. (1986). Rites of passage at adolescence: A ritual
"Greasy Lake" by T.C. Boyle is a tale of one young man's quest for the "rich scent of possibility on the breeze." It was a time in a man's life when there was an almost palpable sense of destiny, as if something was about to happen, like a rite of passage that will thrust him into adulthood or cement his "badness" forever. The story opens with our narrator on a night of debauchery with his friends drinking, eating, and cruising the streets as he had done so many times in the past. What he found on that night of violence and mayhem would force him to look at himself hard. This is a story of one man's journey from boyhood to maturity.
During a strenuous trek in the mountains, a teenage boy dies of starvation. A girl wearing an elegant gown completes a dance with her father. Both of these things come from rites of passage. Why are they so different? Rites of passage are almost as diverse and widespread as individual cultures. Depending on cultural values, initiation into adulthood varies immensely. Unquestionably, all rites of passage start with the same purpose. The goal is to bring a child into adulthood. However, the process might be redundant or even harmful. Some rites of passage should continue to be practiced, like the Quinceañera and Bar Mitzvah, because they have strong benefits and cultural value while others, like hazing and cutting should not because they can harm and possibly kill people.
We are introduced to adolescence in the 5th stage of development. Adolescence begins for boys around the age of 14 and continues up until the age of 21 years of age. At this stage of development, there are many changes that occur emotionally, physically, sexually and spiritually (McGoldrick, Carter, & Garcia Preto, 2011). At this time, adolescent kids are going through changes in their body. They are dealing with coming into their own sexuality. Skills pertaining to social skills and social relationships are being developed through experience. Adolescents are also increasing their skills of physical and mental coordination, such as learning about the world and working on their own coordination. Adolescence is also characterized by learning their own identity and where they fit in the world, as well as learning their relationship with peers and those around them. Spiritual identity is also developed along with a deeper understanding of life. Independence is something that is also weighing on the mind of an adolescent. Overall changes in the family structure can also occur when a child of this age reaches this
Have you ever wondered what the “rite of passage” means or how would one consider if they had gone through a rite of passage? It could be something big that could change someone’s entire foundation, such as getting married or if that person enters to the next world leaving behind everything from the world that the individual knows of, afterlife. The novella, “The Body” written by Gordie Lachance, elaborates on this one event during his childhood, with his childhood friends, as a rite of passage between himself and his friends. This event is surrounded by the corpse of Ray Brower, a young boy around the same age of Gordie, Teddy, Vern, and Chris. It was an easygoing, playful journey where they believed that at the end of this
Through the evident contradictions listed in this excerpt, Whiman displays the diversity of the country. He shows that a great nation is filled with a multitude of races and ethnicities, not just one. Whitman brings the southerners and the northerners together and briefly shows his prophetic gifts. The southerner soon becoming the northerner is Whitman saying that soon the south will take on the values of the north in abolishing slavery. He sees slavery ceasing thus leading to a “house” that stands because of no division.
Memories are scattered across the brain in the many regions we have. However, there are a few different types of memories which are: Declarative (also known as Explicit) which this type of memory is about facts and events, and then there's Nondeclarative (also known as implicit) which has more to do with your skills and habits, priming, simple classic conditioning, which is where your emotional response and skeletal musculature comes in, also, nonassociative learning. The common ones that most know of are short-term and long-term memory. Have you ever wondered how the brain develops as you get older and why we remember the things we do? Our memories
Memory is the tool we use to learn and think. We all use memory in our everyday lives. Memory is the mental faculty of retaining and recalling past experiences. We all reassure ourselves that our memories are accurate and precise. Many people believe that they would be able to remember anything from the event and the different features of the situation. Yet, people don’t realize the fact that the more you think about a situation the more likely the story will change. Our memories are not a camcorder or a camera. Our memory tends to be very selective and reconstructive.
While the poem can be termed to be democratic, both in subject matter and its language, Whitman is viewed to be cataloging the ‘new’ America that he is seeing around him. The poem includes subject matter such as relationships, patriotism, heroes, family and ancestors, and a view on social commentaries too.
Adolescence refers to the transition period experienced by children that occur between childhood and adulthood (Shefer, 2011). Identity is first confronted in adolescence between the ages 12 – 19 years old, because of physical and hormonal changes in the body. It is also due to the introduction of formal operations in cognitive development and societal expectation that this contributes to an individual’s identity to be explored and established (McAdams, 2009). The forces within and outside (family, community) the individual that promote identity development usually create a sense of tension. The basic task is, in Erikson’s terms, “fidelity or truthfulness and consistency to one’s core self or faith in one’s ideology” (Fleming, 2004: 9), in a nutshell: "Who am I and where am I
O Pioneers!” is a twenty-six stanza poem written about the travel westward, and while not calling it manifest destiny, Whitman greatly emphasis it ideologically. He begins his poem by encouraging the pioneer’s or people wishing to move westward (or even pioneers for the future generation), that it will be they who “must bear the brunt of danger, because the rest depend on them”(Pioneers, 6-7). It would seem “the rest” depicts those who will not fight for such opportunities, or the future generations which should not have to fight. Whitman asks, “Have the elder races halted”(Pioneers, 13), the elder races refer to European nations they came from, and this is further backed up when Whitman claims, “All the past we leave behind, We debouch upon a newer mightier world, varied world.”(Pioneers, 17-18). Within the fourth and fifth stanzas Whitman encourages that people learn from the past, and embrace the opportunities given to them by those who have sacrificed their lives in the past for a better opportunity to ensure the next generation would be even better off as their forefathers intended. The sixth through eighth stanzas simply give descriptions of all the various lands which Americans come from who are to travel west. The tenth through twelfth stanzas personify the west as a “mother” (Pioneers, 41) embracing manifest destiny, and encouraging pioneers to fight for the land in the west (Pioneers, 37-48). The thirteenth through fifteenth stanzas speak
Learning to tie shoes and ride a bike requires the encoding, storing, and retrieving of past observations of the procedure. With a lot of practice, children master these skills so well that they are able to remember them the rest of their lives. Memory is the storing of information over time. It is one of the most important concepts in learning; if things are not remembered, no learning can take place. As a process, memory refers to the "dynamic mechanism associated with the retention and retrieval of information about past experiences" (Sternberg 260). We use our memory about the past to help us understand the present. The study or memory in psychology is used in different ways, as well as there are many different ways to study how memory works in humans. In psychology there are many tasks used to measure memory, and different types of memory storages that human's use, such as sensory storing, or short term storing. There are also a lot of techniques that humans use to improve their memory, which they can use to learn, such as mnemonic devices. All these things can be classified as important issues in the study of human memory and ways of learning.
Transition and change are some of the most difficult obstacles for people to overcome. It is no surprise that adolescence, defined as the transition from childhood to adulthood, is full of obstacles (Feldman, 2012). During this time period, adolescents are neither adults nor children; they do not appear to belong in any stable group. However uncomfortable this may seem, it is also a fitting definition. For during the adolescent stage, adolescents face puberty, sexual curiosity, self-esteem issues, and doubts about their future (Feldman, 2012). Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson aptly argued that adolescents pass through the identity-versus-identity-confusion stage in which teenagers search for defining and unique characteristics about themselves (Feldman, 2012). When a teenager struggles with this stage, a crisis emerges in which they are unable to find an appropriate role in life, often acting out or pursuing dangerous behaviors (Feldman, 2012).
Indeed, adolescent may be defined as the period within the life span when most of a person’s biological, cognitive, psychological and social characteristics are changing from what is typically considered child-like to what is considered adult-like (Learner and Spainer, 1980). This period is a dramatic challenge for any adolescent, which requires adjustment to change one’s own self, in the family, and in the peer group. Contemporary society presents adolescents with institutional changes as well. Among young adolescents, school setting is changed; involving a transition from elementary school to either junior high school or middle school; and late adolescence is accompanied by transition from high school to the worlds of work, University or childrearing. An adolescent experiences it all ranging from excitement and of anxiety, happiness and troubles, discovery and bewilderment, and breaks with the past and yet links with the future (Eya,