In this essay I will discuss that I do not agree with Richard Dawkins and will prove this by using the theory of Intelligent Design as to why I do not agree with him.
The Intelligent Design Theory says that intelligent causes are necessary to explain the complicated structures of biology and that these causes are analytically evident. Certain biological features defy the random-chance explanation because they appear to have been designed. Since design logically requires an intelligent designer, the appearance of design means there is evidence for a designer.
I will be discussing the following three arguments in the Intelligent Design Theory:
• Irreducible complexity
• Specified complexity
• The anthropic principle.
Irreducible complexity is a system which is composed of many interacting parts that contribute to the basic function. The removal of any one of the parts in the system causes the system to effectively stop functioning. Life is comprised of intertwined parts that rely on each other in order to be useful. Random mutation may account for the development of a new part, but it cannot account for the simultaneous development of multiple parts necessary for a functioning system. An example to explain this argument is the human eye, in order for the eye to be fully functioning it needs the eyeball, the optic nerve and the visual cortex; a randomly mutated incomplete eye would actually be bad to the survival of a species and would therefore be eliminated through the process of natural selection. An eye is not a useful system unless all its parts are present and functioning properly at the same time.
The specified complexity argument states that it is impossible for complex patterns to be developed through random
In this paper I will present two differing views on the topic of the design argument. In particular, I will explain William Paley's view supporting the design argument and Bertrand Russell's view against the design argument. After a presentation of the differing views, I will then evaluate the arguments to show that William Paley has a stronger argument.
John Polkinghorne’s The Universe as Creation does its best to not convince the reader of Intelligent Design, but rather to dissuade the reader from the notion that although the is intelligently designed, but in this way, it has made science possible.
Weinberg offers two excellent arguments against the Design Theory. This theory suggests that if a “designer” created the universe it would thus be perfect. For example, if a watch were found on the beach, one would know that a designer created it because it is a finely tuned machine in which all parts work perfectly together. However, if a rock was found, one could guess that a designe...
Consider two objects, one a stone and the other a watch. According to evangelical apologist William Paley, these two objects vary, The stone is simply a stone object, but the watch allows us to ascertain the existence of a creator. This paper will address Paley’s notion that complex indicate design that serves a purpose is evidence to the to the existence of an intelligent creator. This argument is also known as the “Design Argument” and was heavily acclaimed by the Stoics; a group of philosophers known for making their beliefs a way of life. I intend to argue against Paley’s fourth argument addressing the impossibility of chance.
The DNA code, that forms our genes, was the missing key for Darwin to understand how things evolved. DNA does not stay the same, it can be changed by mutations. Mutations are needed to generate variations. Without the mutations things would stay the same generation after generation. Pieces of DNA called a switch can turn certain genes on or off. Genetic Switches helps to create mutations which are sometimes responsible for an entire new species spawning from another. This is how a snake can evolve from a four legged animal, and how a whale 's front flippers has bones inside that resembles
The discussion starts at his first chapter Why are people?, which during the chapter Richard Dawkins explains
How man was created has puzzled many, and been an argument in everyone’s life. I personally have reasons why I believe the way I do, but everyone has their own opinion depending on how or where they were raised, and what values they hold dear. Richard Dawkins has given a detailed analysis of why he believes the existence of God is highly doubtful, in his short story titled “The improbability of God.” After reading through his paper I will explain why I don’t believe in his allegations, and why I believe God is real, and my answers to his justifications.
The "Intelligent Design" pbs.org. PBS, 5 Aug. 2005. Web. The Web. The Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
Dawkins further argues that purposeful design is an illusion. In doing so, Dawkins cites the work of William Paley as a secondary source to argue his own point there is not a divine maker. Paley points out that if a watch has a watchmaker, then it follows that living bodies have a divine designer. But Dawkins asserts this cannot be true, because Darwin has proved that living bodies exist because DNA makes it possible. It is this specific inductive argument of DNA survival which Dawkins uses to refute the idea of purposeful design.
Richard Dawkins is an evolutionary biologist, and a prominent figure for atheism. Author of the book “The God Delusion”, Dawkins believes that the whole concept of God and Christianity is completely man made for our own entertainment. Dawkins is considered a pioneer for “new atheism” where they believe that the whole idea of religion is pure evil. Richard Dawkins’ beliefs on evolution and the non-existence of God can be seen through his concept of social issues, family, and the nature of God. This paper will be a disagreement piece that will entail a comparison of my beliefs to his; pertaining to Christian principles.
However, mutation is random in the evolution, and provides raw material for natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow to work on.... ... middle of paper ... ... Evolution is an ongoing process and the evolution is made up of many different processes. It allows species to become what they are, how they act, and what they will become.
In this paper I will examine the design argument for the existence of God. The argument argues that the universe didn’t come on its own, there was a designer God who designed this universe. The basic idea behind the design argument is that everything in this universe is set up in an order and planned way with a purpose and the designer of this universe would have existed prior to its existence. Universe was not designed by chance, there was a supernatural power involved in it’s creation, which could just be God. The belief that God designed the universe can be taken from the way nature has been put together, the way human beings, animals and many other living beings are formed to live in this universe. The way deserts, beaches and mountains are formed having different weathers like summers, winters and springs make us believe more strongly that there is a supernatural designer behind all these beautiful things. The design argument to believe in the God has been contradicted by a number of philosophers, theologians and scientists with one of them comparing the existence of living organisms on this universe with that of a watch stating that both living organisms and watches are a product of an intelligent design which created a lot of objections.
Dawkins’ statement about how the ‘theory’ of evolution is actually a fact is supported by natural selection. Natural Selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. Natural selection leads to evolutionary change when individuals with certain characteristics have a greater survival or reproductive rate than other individuals in a populations and pass on these inheritable genetic characteristics to their offspring. It is observed that places that are isolated from other places have species that are very different from other places. For example, Australia has hundreds of species that are found nowhere else in the world. The peppered moth lives in England and changes in the
Richard Dawkins, an English evolutionary biologist and writer, is well known for his book The Selfish Gene. Published in 1967, his book provides a distinct view on the process of natural selection. Dawkins’ controversial selfish gene theory focuses on genes as the basis for evolution. It has received much criticism, however it contributed to a new way of viewing evolution based on genes. In Dawkins and the Selfish Gene, Ed Sexton provides an explanation for Dawkins’ commonly misinterpreted gene theory.
Dawkin’s selfish gene theory accounts for a mother’s decision to sacrifice her life for her child because Dawkins says “We are preprogrammed through our evolution to help our genes survive, either in our own person or through our nearest relatives.” His theory also states that “human behavior is an instinctive way to promote the survival not of the individual but of his or her genes.” And in this case where a mother sacrifices her life for her child she is doing that to save her families genes and allow her child to live on and have a chance to create more of their families genes.