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How to perform a rhetorical analysis
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How to perform a rhetorical analysis
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Parenthetical referencing is a citation style in which partial citations are enclosed in parentheses and embedded in the text. Scientific journal articles primarily make use of the “author-date system”. This system includes the authors last name, publication year, and page number(s) when a source is referred to. There are variations in what to put in the parentheses depending on how the source was introduced in-text. For example, Etelälahti and Eriksson’s (2014) use of parenthetical to introduce the author in-text like this, “…in our recent study (Etelälahti and Eriksson, 2013) and the previous study by Johansson et al. (2000)” and “This dose corresponds to the BA content in the commercial product Deca-Durabolin used by Johansson et al. (2000).” …show more content…
There are several specific components of rhetoric that one can examine such as the speaker, occasion, audience, purpose and subject. As shown above these core components of the rhetorical analysis are products of the organizational structure and format of scientific journal articles. The rhetorical analysis aims to take a deeper more micro level look at these core components as well as taking a look at two specific strategies of rhetoric: persuasive appeals, such as ethos, logos and pathos; and style, such as dictation, syntax, and …show more content…
All the articles examples exhibit primary research as the subject matter and this research is scientific in nature specifically focusing on subjects related to neuroscience. The purpose of these articles is to inform and report on scientific finding that are a byproduct of research. This is made clear in the structure of the paper and the scientific subject matter. The occasion for these articles being written is to perform research experiments to look at the effects of a specific drug on behavior. The intended audience are scholarly readers: Professors, Researchers, and students that are involved in these scientific fields. These elements all work in tandem with each other to define the genre’s subject, purpose, occasion and audience. To discern these elements of rhetoric more easily one can look over the abstract which is usually the first thing that is stated in all scientific journal articles. With these elements defined, one can more easily discern the employment of different strategies of rhetoric, specifically rhetorical persuasive appeals and
Writers use rhetoric to communicate their specific point of view or argument in a speech or text. A reader analyzes the writer’s use of rhetoric to evaluate the effectiveness of the given argument or point of view. In his “Interfaith Prayer Vigil Address,” President Barack Obama argues the need for more restricted gun control by using emotional appeals to compassion and paternalism, collective diction, and structure, which reflect the influence of a school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut.
Palmer, William. "Rhetorical Analysis." Discovering Arguments: An Introduction to Critical Thinking, Writing, and Style. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012. 268-69. Print.
Effectively communicating an idea or opinion requires several language techniques. In his study of rhetoric, Aristotle found that persuasion was established through three fundamental tools. One is logos, which is used to support an argument through hard data and statistics. Another is ethos, which is the credibility of an author or speaker that allows an audience to conclude from background information and language selection a sense of knowledge and expertise of the person presenting the argument. The impact of pathos, however, is the most effective tool in persuasion due to the link between emotions and decisions. Although each of these tools can be effective individually, a combination of rhetorical devices when used appropriately has the ability to sway an audience toward the writer’s point of view.
One of the most important aspects of writing, according to the AACU writing rubric, concerns sources and evidence (“Writing Rubric” 2015). The rubric clearly states that an author must use “sources to support ideas in the writing…quotes, if applicable, are generally accurately placed. Citations are correctly formatted in MLA or APA” (2015). The Visual Rhetorical Analysis assignment, for English 1002, demonstrates the trouble I experienced with this significant area in writing (Brizek, “Advertising” 2015). Therefore, the revised version of the Visual Rhetorical Analysis demonstrates improvement in the use of sources and evidence as well as in citations, an essential are of writing, because the revisions illustrate proper citations as well as a stronger use of sources, as required by the writing rubric (Brizek, “Advertising” 2015; Brizek, “Revision” 2015; “Writing Rubric 2015).
The Stases and Other Rhetorical Concepts from Introduction to Academic Writing. N.p.: n.p., n.d. PDF.
The impact and effectiveness of using proper rhetoric was a strategy of “good” writing that I was not aware of until my senior year of high school. While taking AP Language and Composition my junior year, my fellow students and I believed that we had survived countless essay workshop activities and writing assignments with emphasis on word choices, grammatical structure, syntax, punctuation and spelling. By the time we had entered AP Literature our senior year, we felt we could achieve success; we already knew how to write in the correct format and structur...
he evaluation of the overall rhetorical effectiveness for intended audience was a failure starting with the ethos of having no much credibility for the author, pathos, no real connection to emotion to aid the doctor, and not being able to see the real problem, and with the lack of logos to explain how to be able to obtain aid and help the student improve. As a result, in the editorial the authors had no success in persuading all the audience. For that reason, college students should be able to see the correct way to write their essay and the effective method for them to pass class with excellent essays.
In general, a scientific format is divided into sections that consists of: introduction, heading, subheadings, methods, results, discussion, acknowledgments, future direction, and a citations page. In particular, Smith’s “Bariatric Surgery for the Treatment of Morbid Obesity” (year) has subheadings to help the reader navigate and reference the material. White space creates visual breaks in the text to help the audience process the information and prevents them from losing their place in the text. These aspects of the scientific method speak to the value of the discourse community because they show that people in this field appreciate and expect medical information to be presented in a clear-cut, direct, and precise manner. In addition, the use of medical jargon shows that the collections audience is very exclusive to those who have a scientific background. One of the articles titled, “The Impacts of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity on Quality of Life,” uses medical terminology such as OSA, which stands for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, SCFE, which is Slipped Capital Femoral Ephysis, or GERD, which stands for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (p. #2). Without having a science background, the language used in articles like the one mentioned above would be hard to
Clark (2016) suggests that rhetoric isn’t limited to oral communication, but currently has a permanent foothold in written works: magazine or newspaper excerpts, novels, and scientific reports. Not only written
"most students are already rhetorically savvy but unaware of their critical processes..." Author Jane Fife puts the three rhetorical analysis pieces to work, ethos pathos and logos, in an attempt to teach rhetorical analysis in a classroom. Fife uses a collaboration of all three types of rhetorical analysis. While the author does make good use of the first two pieces of rhetorical analysis, Pathos, and Logos, Fife strays away from the use of Ethos in her article. Fife applies the rhetorical appeals of Pathos and Logos to teach rhetoric to her class and the reader. However, her use of examples in a classroom backed up with little evidence to prove her authority surrounding the subject causes her readers to doubt her claim that Facebook and
The universal nature of rhetoric entails that it varies with different areas of study, making it important to be able to recognize the distinctions between the requirements and expectations within each genre. Thus, the rhetorical skills I have gained in this English class can and should be applied to my psychology class. Scientific genres leave little to no room for bias and misguided logic. More specifically, the academic genre of psychology encourages critical and analytical thinking and revolves around the search for truth. When I worked on this assignment, my thought process was guided by this ethos. Because the ethos establishes what is and is not acceptable within the field of psychology, I not only used the ethos of the class to guide my writing, but also to critique the study itself by identifying any areas where the author avoided or failed to avoid bias and other transgressions against the psychology genre. Throughout the writing process, I considered all of these expectations to establish a strong kairos and ethos in my critique.
By definition, rhetoric is the art of composing effective discourse using persuasion or an argument and incorporating information into the piece. Rhetoric also has a primary and secondary audience that it tries to address their argument. In the article called “A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid.”, by Watson, James, and Crick, Francis, the article is a great example of how rhetoric works in a writing piece.
Before taking this course, I did not know that writing in different media impacts the rhetorical context and choices a writer makes. I understood the basics of rhetoric itself, but I never thought to pay attention to how often it is used. Week one’s page was really useful in understanding how rhetoric is used in different media. From television to political cartoons, rhetoric plays an important role. But the context and choices the authors makes are impacted by the type of media. For example, in my week one rhetoric example, I cited a tweet made by President-elect Donald Trump.
Paré's(2014) article introduces rhetorical genre theory (RGT). RGT tells researchers how to do qualitative research, how to write correctly in different rhetorical situations, and how to deal with the relationship with writers and readers. By listing and discussing several definitions of the genre, the author shows the main effects of it like to create knowledge essential to the community's aims (Paré, 2014, A-86). The discourse community, which is closely linked to the agency, is also described as an important feature (Paré, 2014, A-86), so I coded a part of my data which focuses on the interaction between participates and analyzed the pronouns using RGT.
The lack of understanding by the general public as well as higher intellectuals on the relationship between rhetoric and science has lead to wasted potential - potential for sparking discussion, promoting action or furthering scientific understanding in the general public. There is place for rhetoric in science and science in rhetoric. In order to understand the relationship, one must understand each separately.