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Article review intervention studies on forgiveness
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Restorative mediation can defiantly help victims and offender heal. I think this program works because it helps both parties to come together to communicate and listen to each other. After a terrible accident or tragedy sometimes victims don’t want to hear nothing from the defendant, but I feel like programs like this one can make both parties come together to make a peaceful change. One way to determine if the program was successful is by interviewing both parties and find out what are the emotions and feelings. Another way is to determine if restorative mediation will work both parties must have the want to try to forgive, I feel like making either the victims or the defendant attend the program without wanting to forgive will be pointless.
According to Graham, reconciliation is both “… a goal in the sense that it aims to restore relationships or to promote agonism or mutual tolerance, respect, and dignity […] [And] it is a process because it requires multiple modes, steps, stages, and transformations across all levels of society and amongst all stakeholders in a conflict” (Graham 2015). Through reconciliation and the related processes of restorative justice, parties to the dispute explore and overcome the pain brought on by the conflict and find ways to build trust and live cooperatively with each other. Restorative justice seeks to have a positive impact on offenders by confronting them with the consequences of their actions and delineating their responsibilities, giving them both the opportunity to repair the damage caused to the victim and to work on finding a solution to their problems (Umbreit, Bradshaw and Coates, 1999). According to Philpott, there are six components of political reconciliation: building socially just institutions and relations between states, acknowledgement, reparations, punishment, apology, and forgiveness (Philpott
Restorative justice is defined as “using humanistic, no punitive strategies to right wrongs and restore social harmony” (Siegel, 2008, p. 189). Instead of imposing harsh penalties on offenders like long prison sentences or even the death penalty, restorative justice calls for a more rehabilitative approach, such as reconciliation and offender assistance.
Restorative practice, which evolved from restorative justice, is a new field of study that has the potential to positively influence human behavior and strengthen civil society around the world. “The fundamental premise of restorative practices is that people are happier, more cooperative and productive, and more likely to make positive changes when those in authority do things with them, rather than to them or for them” (International Institute for Restorative Practices).
Retzinger and Scheff observed that two things happen in a restorative justice practices (ex. Victim offender mediation); material and symbolic reparation. Material reparation occurs between the offender and victim in a form of settlement, this could be compensation or community service. However, symbolic reparation is less visible and usually takes the form of “gestures and expressions of courtesy, respect, remorse, and forgiveness” (Barton, 2000). These conferences usually require the offender’s apology and the victim’s forgiveness, the key to reconciliation, victim satisfaction and decreased recidivism. The restoration process help to repair and restore a bond between the victim and
Choi, Green, and Gilbert (2011) studied the effects of the restorative justice approach on juveniles who committed crimes and were involved in a Victim-Offender Mediation program. The study evaluated juvenile’s involved in the restorative justice program. By observing each juveniles experience throughout the restorative justice program, Choi, Green, and Gilbert (2011) were able to identify the main factors of the program that helped transform the lives of juvenile offenders. Choi, Green, and Gilbert Hypothesized that the restorative justice program will help reduce the recidivism rate for young offenders, and “effectively address the harm caused by the offense” (Choi et al. 2011, p.336). The theraputic program will help reduce the recidivism
The program is modeled after similar programs that begun in the 1970s and 1980s in New Zealand and Australia (Lawson 2004). It is used in schools, juvenile courts, and youth centers. However, for this discussion I will use the facts from Catherine Lawson’s restorative justice study in Missouri. In Lawson’s writings she references Derek R. Brookes, who came up with the conclusion that restorative justice attempts to produce these three outcomes: reconciliation, reparation, and transformation. Reconciliation is stage where all the apologies happen. Reparation is the stage at which the offender takes responsibility for his or actions, by providing fair restitution to the victim and lastly transformation is the stage where the offender is re-guided back into society as a productive member and is out of the cycle of
In an instant a life can be turned upside down. This happened to a women name Mildred. Mildred house was broken into and police were able to catch the offenders name David and Ed. For their crimes David and Ed need to make restitution to Mildred and to Mildred’s community. There were many effects that David and Ed caused by breaking into the house, and not just on Mildred. David was quick to admit to his responsibility and he decided to participate in the restorative justice process. Ed however refused to admit guilt for his actions and entered in the criminal justice process. These two processes have many differences. Because of these differences David and Ed will have different restitution. There are a lot of benefits to the restorative justice process. Because David chose to go through the restorative justice process it had many benefits for David, Mildred, and the community.
Therefore, there is a growing need to progress towards the restorative justice (RJ) system. According to RJ perspective, a crime is considered a conflict between individuals that results in harm to victims, communities, and offenders, and so these parties are also involved in responding to it. One of the prevalent programs of the RJ system is the victim-offender mediation (VOM) program. The VOM program is a process which provides interested victims an opportunity to meet the offender, in a safe and structured setting, with the goal of holding the offender directly accountable for their behaviour while providing assistance and compensation to the victims; mediators do not impose settlements. Over the years, the VOM program has proved to be beneficial to both, the victim and the offender.
It is my belief that a perpetrator’s confession of their injustice will help the victim of injustice eventually heal. With confession comes forgiveness. This healing of the wounds of injustice applies to both the perpetrators and the victims of injustice. The example of reconciliation between perpetrators and victims in Rwanda is a perfect example of how confession and forgiveness has lead to social justice and reconciliation in their communities. The goal of reconciliation is ideal but not necessary in my eyes. I don’t think that perpetrators and victims need to be friends, but with forgiveness comes a level of respect and seeing the other person as a person again rather than something evil. I love seeing my current clients come to a point of peace with their past. This is not only moving as a social worker but spiritually as this is a miracle of God. Seeing this wants me to help those victims get to that point and heal from their wounds so they can be the person they are meant to
This approach has introduced a criminal justice policy agenda. In the past, victims to criminal activities have been outsiders to the criminal conflict. In recent times, many efforts have been made to give the victims a more central role in the criminal justice system. Some of these efforts were introduced a few years back, though even at that time, these efforts were seen as long overdue. Some of these efforts include access to state compensation and forms of practical support. For advocates of restorative justice, crime is perceived primarily as a violation of people and relationships, and the aim is to make amends for all the harm suffered by victims, offenders and communities. The most commonly used forms of restorative justice include direct mediation, indirect mediation, restorative cautioning, sentencing panels or circles and conferencing. In recent...
Mediation and relaxation can be the key to getting an offender to change their views on life and become a better version of themselves. Robin believes that “mediation helps develop the ability to quite yourself enough to listen and trust what is often referred to as, the “still small voice within” – a voice of wisdom and compassion.” (Casarjian, 1995, p. 235), and I absolutely agree with him on that. Not only does it allow use to hear that inner voice to guide us but to be able to not lash out in any way they offender sees fit, which is what they may have done in the past, which lead them to where they are now. The exercise of mediation is one that anyone could be able to use to find some kind of inner peace and become relaxed. I tried the relaxation response exercise and after finding a comfortable spot nestled in a pile of pillows, found my word or sound to focus on, repeated that mantra over and over, and slowed my breathing. Afterwards I could tell that I was less tense and had slowed by breathing and my heart rate. For an offender this would be very helpful for those who are quick to get excited, angry, or violent. This will allow the offender to focus on their breathing and allow them the time to calm down and then make a decision on what to do in that situation, without any consequences. The only possible downfall of meditation is it could conflict with the
I think implemented restorative justice allows the stakeholders with a choice, because in some cases the victim may not want to face the offender and just wants him behind bars, while another may want to seek closure and resolve the issue. Both options are fine but I think it should be up to the stakeholders not up the government to decide if we’re going to handle crimes now restoratively or through the criminal system. As I mentioned the seriousness of the crime can always big a huge factor in those offenders who will be even eligible to go through restorative approach.
When Mary Catherine Parris was told that I would be talking to her about restorative justice, her response was, “Is that a real thing?” (personal communication, September 23, 2015). Through this assignment I realized that restorative justice is not talked about within the criminal justice system. For both of the individuals I spoke with, the idea of restorative justice seemed like a joke. In trying to persuade them both that restorative justice is a real thing, I was met with very similar beliefs and comments from both individuals. They both believed that restorative justice would not work and believed that some aspects of the approach were completely useless (M. C. Parris, & R. Clemones, personal communication, September 23, 2015). The responses
I have discovered that victim offender conferencing is a process of restorative justice that is both for helping and restoring the victim as well as helping rather than further harming the offender. There are a few main sections to the process and those sections help to make the process as successful as possible. The main sections are when the case of offense is referred to the option of victim offender conferencing, getting both the victim and the offender to agree to the process and then preparing them, the actual conferencing, and finally the follow-up. The process can go in any mixture of directions. The directions are really determined by the motives of the parties to join in on the process in the first place.
Pros of the restorative justice system are that it brings parties together in crime. Instead of a short term goal, the restorative justice system takes a long-term approach to reducing crime and violence using different kinds of methods. In restorative justice programs, offenders work with others affected by their criminal actions. Restorative justice promotes instilling positive behaviors in young criminals and teaching long-lasting changes in behavior to prevent future crimes. There also could be negative consequences from the restorative justice system. For restorative justice to work, criminals and their victims must communicate about the crime and its consequences. Since violent crimes often leave victims feeling helpless and vulnerable, encouraging communication can result in increased anxiety and fear. Additionally, communication might breach confidentiality for victims of violent crimes, such as rape and assault, because they must discuss the outcome of the crime and how it has impacted