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Response to intervention research
Response to intervention research
Response to intervention research
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The program in which I feel benefits the support of children and families who are culturally and linguistically diverse is that of providing early identification and support in which it “requires careful attention to children’s individual needs and high quality educational approached tailor to meet these needs.” (Darragh, 2010, p.443) in which children who are ESL (English as a Second Language) are able to learn through RTI (Response to Intervention) and get the support necessary to support their success. RTI is based on a 3 tier system in which “RTI targets school-age children with learning challenges and is designed to support the success of all learns.” (Darragh, 2010, p.443) Tier 1 is being screened regularly to see what additional
Edyburn, D. L. (2009). RTI and UDL interventions. The Journal of Special Education Technology, 24(2), 46–47.
In the United States, there has been an increase in in the number of children from Spanish speaking backgrounds. The English Language Learners, commonly known as ELL’s, are being placed in Special Education without being properly tested for a learning disability. However there are a large number of ELL’s with learning disabilities in elementary grades that truly have a learning disability and are over looked. Many school districts have problems placing ELL’s. As a result these students end up in special education whether they have a learning disability or language impairment. Teachers are also indecisive when dealing with ELL’s. Most teachers recommend that ELL’s be placed in special education from day one. It is not because the child has a learning disability, it’s because most teachers are not properly trained to interact with ELL’s. Teachers also find it difficult, due to lack of training, having ELL’s with learning disabilities in their classrooms. More teachers would find their selves comfortable if they had training in dealing with ELL’s and ELL’s with learning disabilities. This paper discusses the issues and the concerns teachers have in dealing with ELLs and ELLs with disabilities, the challenges of identifying individuals with learning disabilities, and what type of assessments classify English Language Learners as having a learning disability.
Purcell, J., Lee, M., & Biffin, J. (2006). Supporting bilingual children in early childhood. Learning Links. Retrieved from http://www.learninglinks.org.au/pdf/infosheets/LLIS%2050_Bilingualism.pdf
According with Jean Piaget whose theory on child development has been a great influence in education; language development is the most important phase during the Preoperational stage of cognitive development. During this stage children develop and build up their knowledge and vocabulary by asking questions and expressing ideas through words, images and drawings. This stage is considerate to happen from two years of to seven years of age (Kendra Cherry). Language development has direct implications in the intellectual development of a child, and it is one of the main tools to develop our thinking process. We use words to store and access memories or other information. For Latinos children and especially recent arrivals whose language is Spanish entering to school where their primary language (Mother tongue) has no validation neither use may be traumatic and even hinder their future opportunities to succeed in a school system that is complete foreign in concept and in language. In order to integrate and create opportunities for the Latino students to succeed the in the educational system we must create programs that address the specific needs of the Latino community such as bilingual education where students learn to speak, read and write in their mother tongue language first.
The purpose of this study is to figure out which ways experienced teachers work best with culturally and linguistically diverse students. This study illustrates which strategies experienced teachers have found to work best. The diversity in school in the United States has increased each year. This means that there are an increasing amount of students who are learning English, English language learners (ELLs). This article comes from the perspective that each child should be taught to their specific needs. All students deserve a fair chance to learn. Fair means that every student is treated differently, not equally. Every student learns differently. In order to give every student a fair chance at learning, you must teach them according to their needs. An experienced teacher, Tiffany, describes her experiences working with culturally and linguistically diverse students. This study watches her methods and discusses what works based on data analysis of the success of her students.
RtI was designed to provide early intervention to students that are experiencing difficulties in developing literacy skills. Throughout RtI, assessment data is collected to monitor student progress, and is used to determine if the intervention should be continued or modified (Smetana 2010). A common consensus is that the RtI framework consists of three tiers: Tier I, Tier II, and Tier III. In Tier I, primary interventions are used that differentiate instruction, routines, and accommodations to the students that need little to no interventions. The students in this tier are often times classified with the color green.
... and RTI’s have shown their significance in schools and classrooms all over the country. These programs are great for helping children and we can see the progress all the way though their academic years, helping children reach their full potential should be the desire for all parents and educators.
To begin, the RTI process my school begins with the teacher. At the beginning of the year, a battery of assessments is conducted to help identify students’ levels in reading. Students take the first Dibbles benchmark to determine their fluency rate as well as the Star test to diagnose phonemic awareness, vocabulary, and comprehension. Also, students are administered the Words Their Way spelling inventory to identify and create word study interventions. Once teachers have gathered all the data, they create a reading learning plan for students who scored significantly below the benchmark for the beginning of the year.
One of the first challenges that ELL instructors must come to terms with is the identification and assessment of their students’ learning capabilities in their classroom. Traditional identification instruments designed for English speakers may not be valid with English language learners. Identification of English language learners with special needs should include consideration of several factors, such as family history, developmental and health history, first language and literacy development, previous schooling, and the learners' current academic ability, just to name a few. Learning in any language is affected by learning disabilities, but second language learners with special needs present additional educational challenges. According to the British Columbia Ministry of Education, Skills, and Training (Fowler & Hooper, 1998), instructors of English language learners with special needs should consider the cultural, developmental, and first language background of the learner. They should also do the following: (1.) Provide a highly structured learning environment; (2.) Focus on contextual learning;
Because America is such a diverse country, public schools are faced with the challenge of providing students from all over the world with a quality education. As Chen points out “public schools have embraced the linguistic challenge presented by immigrant students” (¶1). Then, No Child Left Behind law was approved, and it required every public school should have an English Secondary Language (ESL) program that will provide the “academic support” for English Language Learners (ELLs). ELL parents are happy that their children are getting education help from the school, but it has raised the question of how successful are the ESL programs? Do ESL programs provide enough “academic support” to all ELL students? Do ESL programs have enough tools to help students learn English? Some ELL parents complain that ESL programs do not help their child learn English. A successful ESL program is not based solely on the test scores, but also the ability to connect parents, teachers, and students together to strengthen tools that will help ELL students to learn a new language in reading, writing, and speaking.
In conclusion, it seems as though all the positives of the response to intervention program outweigh any negatives about it. The RTI program is extremely helpful in identifying any student that is having academic difficulties at an early age. Whether these students should be considered in the special education program or not can also be determined by using the RTI program. There is no reason to allow students to fail before any intervention is even considered. Anything that is beneficial in helping students succeed in their academic achievements should be viewed as a
The article, “Three Treatments for Bilingual Children With Primary Language Impairment: Examining Cross-Linguistic and Cross-Domain Effects”, presents a study that was funded by a grant received from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). A common developmental disorder such as the one examined in this study, Primary or Specific Language Impairment (PLI), is defined by poor language abilities not attributable to neurological, sensory, cognitive, or motor impairments or to environmental factors (Leonard, 1998; Schwartz, 2009). Children with PLI, show weakness in oral language that contribute to challenges in written language, significantly putting bilingual children with PLI at academic and social risk. The most obvious symptoms can shift with severity of the impairment, characteristics of the language(s) needed to be learned, and the child’s developmental stage. Bilingual children show significant impairment in both of their languages, as compared to their peers with similar language-learning experiences. Due to the significant lack of evidence needed to implement treatment protocols for bilingual children with PLI, researchers compared three different treatment programs that were administered by speech language pathologists (SLPs), on language and cognitive outcomes in Spanish/English bilingual children with PLI. Programs used a combination of computer-based and interactive training strategies.
prioritize early childhood development, such that children are systematically exposed to learning opportunities from an early age and expected to do well (Minkov, 2011). Families that do not speak English as a native language might lack the money to purchase educational materials for younger children, and parents in such families might also lack the time for interaction, given that many fathers and mothers in non-English-speaking communities are working multiple jobs solely to survive (Tillman, 2009).
Years after most school districts in the United Stated have initiated some type of “strategy” for educating America’s, increasing ELL population,; questions about how well teachers of English Language Learners (ELL) are being trained and the effectiveness of ELL programs have arisen . For many, such topic may not be as important to some as it is to others. In retrospect, the number of ELL students grows every school year as schools districts absorb the increased enrollment. Based on state-reported data, it is estimated that 4,999,481 ELL students were enrolled in public school (pre-K through grade 12) during the 2003-2004 school year (Mckeon, 1). With this in mind, school districts are still witnessing a tremendous growth of their ELL population as educators prepare for the tidal wave of non-English speakers. Unfortunately, in lieu of the data, school districts are still not ready for the influx of students who are arriving every day, and teachers are not fully prepared. Additionally, many school districts are failing to support their teachers and to evaluate their ELL programs effectiveness. In fact, the lack of success in many ELL programs is due to the insight that many states are implementing programs with no proof that such programs are effective or working. Simply put, many school districts are not evaluating the efficacy of their program, providing support to teachers, and initiating diversity training and skill buildings.
During my observations at “Don’t Worry Childcare”, I realized a great amount of multicultural practices. For starters, I observed the preschoolers say hello and good morning every day in French, Italian, German, Spanish, Russian, and Chinese. During circle time, the teacher says, “Okay can someone raise their hand and tell me how to say good morning in German?” I have seen each and every child say good morning in those languages. Not only have I seen the children say good morning and hello in other languages, the teacher taught them how to sing the days of the week in Spanish. I observed the children count to ten in German. The use of other languages is not the only reason why the preschool class is multicultural. The baby dolls are all different races. There are a few African American dolls, Caucasian dolls, and even a Chinese doll. Hung up on the walls are pictures of Indians, African Americans, and Caucasians. I noticed a child reading a book that taught sign language. The use of multicultural practices is beneficial for a child’s emotional well-being. I believe the