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Research thesis on response to intervention
Response to intervention research
Research thesis on response to intervention
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Response to Intervention
Response to Intervention (RtI) is a framework based off the problem solving method that integrates assessment, and targeted instruction, within a multi-tiered intervention system. Implementation of RtI in schools is crucial to identify which students need additional intervention that will help increase their literacy skills, and prevent them from falling behind. RtI is based off multi-leveled tiers that are each categorized by the intensity of the intervention that is being used. The RtI framework is also used as a valued tool in monitoring and improving student behavior in the classroom through a model known as Positive Behavioral Intervention Support (PBIS).
RtI was designed to provide early intervention to students that are experiencing difficulties in developing literacy skills. Throughout RtI, assessment data is collected to monitor student progress, and is used to determine if the intervention should be continued or modified (Smetana 2010). A common consensus is that the RtI framework consists of three tiers: Tier I, Tier II, and Tier III. In Tier I, primary interventions are used that differentiate instruction, routines, and accommodations to the students that need little to no interventions. The students in this tier are often times classified with the color green.
In Tier II, secondary interventions are used to help the students that are not making adequate progress towards developing appropriate literacy skills, despite the Tier I interventions (Smetana 2010). These students are classified with the color yellow, and are given more intense interventions that are targeted to their need. These interventions help determine if the student can eventually go back down to green, or if they...
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...IS are great models, and I would love the opportunity to use some day in my classroom.
Works Cited
Sandomierski, T., Kincaid, D., & Algozzine, B. (2007, June). Response to intervention and positive behavior support: Brothers from different mothers or sisters with different misters?. Retrieved from http://www.pbis.org/pbis_newsletter/volume_4/issue2.aspx
Shapiro, E.S. (2011). Saving the future: Response to intervention may be on solution that prevents a child’s ailing academic health. Theory to Practice: An Inquisitive Review of Contemporary Education & Health, 3, 14-19.
Smetana, L. (2010). A view from the middle tier: Looking closely at Tier II intervention. The California Reader, 43(4), 15-24.
Wedl, R. J. (2005). An alternative to traditional eligibility criteria for students with disabilities. In Response to Intervention (pp. 1-19). Education Evolving.
Instruction in Tier 1 is administered to all students and consists of research based core instruction and behavior practices provided by highly qualified teachers, universal screening recommended three times a year, frequent progress monitoring with data documenting rate of growth and improvement and differentiated instruction. (Okaloosa Schools website, 2014-2015) Integrated strategies in Tier 1 might include classroom management practices to define and establish classroom expectation for behaviors and instruction time, increased opportunities to respond using choral responses and including social and emotional content in literacy with discussion questions that center on empathy, problem solving and cause and effect. (McIntosh & Goodman, 2016, p.
Stewart, Rory, and Gerald Knaus. Can Intervention Work? New York: W. W. Norton &, 2011. Print.
Woodward, M., & Johnson, C. T. (2009, November). Reading Intervention Models: Challenges of Classroom Support and Separated Instruction. The Reading Teacher, 63(3).
Response to intervention, also known as RTI, is a process to aid students’ progress throughout their academics to the best of their ability. This process tries to address any learning problems or difficulties starting at a younger age. When teachers and parents are able to address any learning problems of the students during the first few years of their education, the students can be provided the best instruction in addition to intervention for their individual needs.
In the case study entitled, How Far Should We Go, a fifth grader named Brian currently attends Willow Brook Elementary and transferred from a different district two years ago. In the previous school district, Brian received his instructional needs with special education services in a self-contained classroom after his diagnosis of language learning delays. Yet, when enrolled at Willow Brook, the decision for Brian’s placement resolved a continuous progress classroom as the appropriate educational environment. However, the author recommends further testing to determine the applicable instructional setting to support Brian’s progress with his reading difficulties.
...and/or gifted education”. (Yssel, 2014, p. 48). “It is imperative not to put enrichment on hold while an academic weakness is being remedied; both exceptionalities should be addressed at all times”. (Yssel, 2014, p. 49). Some Professionals have express their concern that social-emotional needs are not addressed in RTI models. Early intervention in all areas of need is critical to ensure that issues such as low
This means the students identified through screening as being at-risk for poor learning outcomes. The targeted interventions and frequent monitoring that are characteristic of this tier still take place in the general education classroom or other general education settings within the school. Interventions involve providing a standard, validated instructional program to students in a group typically consisting of no more than five students. The interventions should be delivered by someone who has received extensive training into the intervention program. This could be a person in the position of general education teacher, paraprofessional, reading specialist, etc. Assessments at this level include progress monitoring and
Literacy programs should be an integral component of every community. Not only do these programs serve adults and foreigners, but they also serve those that live with the problems of poverty throughout their daily lives. In 2000-2001, 15.7% of students missed 21 or more days during the school year. Students who miss many days of school because of illnesses beyond their control often fall behind in their studies. Many literacy programs help these students excel in what otherwise would have been a deficiency in their learning.
The literature review research and articles ranged in dates from 1995 to 2013. These articles are composed of over 50 studies, with the results being compared and evaluated over a vast time. The researchers examined the students’ permanent school records, documented the students’ gender, socioeconomic status, grade retained or intervened, teacher assigned grades, reading and mathematics, and the students’ standardized test scores (Rust & Wallace, 1993). Grade appropriate standardized test...
According to McArthur, Konold, Glutting and Alamprese (2010), many adults in the United States have difficulties with basic literacy. A solution to this situation has been the founding of adult basic education (ABE) programs by the U.S Department of Education which helps and serves more than 2 million adults annually (U.S Department of Education, Division of Adult Education and Literacy, 2002, 2006). Mellard and Patterson (2008) found that ABE students differ in skill from zero or minimal reading skills to reading simple stories, books and descriptions on familiar subjects so new vocabulary can be determined by context. According to Mellard and Pattersen (2008) ABE literacy program is divided in to four levels which range from “beginners” to “high intermediate”. Scaffolding theory provides a promising method of providing support to students with learning challenges, e.g. dyslexia and short term memory deficit. As stated by Larkin (2001) the main purpose of scaffolding is to support students and slowly reduce help until they are able to apply the new skills and strategies independently. Students receive support to complete particular task and eventually demonstrate task mastery.
Hoover, J. J. (2010). Special education eligibility decision making in Response to Intervention models. Theory into Practice, 49(4), 289–296.
Through an exploratory survey, the authors, Seth A. King and Christopher J. Lemons, provide an understanding of the elementary and secondary educators’ knowledge and implementation of Response-to-Intervention. An exploratory survey was distributed to elementary and secondary educators in Pennsylvania to determine their understanding of Response-to-Intervention (RTI). Eight research questions were address in the survey, which were externally review and validated by experts in the field of RTI. The survey was distributed to randomly selected educators- private, public, and special schools- in Pennsylvania via e-mail. The responses
Since, RTI follows a case-by-case evaluation, decision making based on struggling students’ response to high-quality research-based interventions functions well in my district. I would like to know more on how other schools respond to the different levels of intervention with their students. How long do schools wait until they move students from one level to the next? Who makes up the team of experts for their children? Also, do teams involve parents with regard to their child’s different tier levels or only if students qualify for an IEP? Currently, we do not make specific phone calls to tell parents how or why their child is moving from one group to the next. That is left for the classroom teacher to do if they so
It is enlightening to know the Specific Learning Disability category isn’t so specific. There are many disabilities within this category that are labeled as a Specific Learning Disability. Furthermore, the law doesn’t provide guidance on how Response to Intervention, RTI, is supposed to be conducted and managed also, the data is being used to diagnose children instead of the data from comprehensive testing. Response to Intervention is a great tool for locating those children who are at risk and then proceeding with a referral for testing, but not the only data for diagnosis (Sattler, 2014).
To begin with, full inclusion in the education system for people with disabilities should be the first of many steps that are needed to correct the social injustices that people with disabilities currently face. Students with disabilities are far too frequently isolated and separated in the education system (Johnson). They are often provided a diluted, inferior education and denied meaningful opportunities to learn. There are many education rights for children with disabilities to p...