INTRODUCTION Resin composite restorations are becoming have had a significant increase in popularity over the last few decades, and have become the patient’s preferred choice in filling material, due mainly due to their enhanced esthetics when compared to other restorations, as well as their ever-increasing durability. These factors have led to a large increase in demand from patients.1 As patient demand for this restorative material increases, so too do patient expectations for comfort and longevity in these restorations. An idyllic filling material would combine these effects with a perfect marginal seal, leaving no gap between the tooth structure and the restoration.2 According to a study by Stockton et al., “Imperfect bonding leaves a microscopic gap that allows the infiltration of bacteria, fluids, molecules and ions between the restoration and the tooth structure, commonly referred to as micro-leakage.”2 This gap is created by way of composite shrinkage during the process of polymerization, or “from mismatches between either the coefficients of thermal expansion of the tooth and the composite or between the elastic moduli of the tooth and the composite.”2 Most composite restorations will result in some level of micro-leakage, however the pulp of the tooth can withstand a small amount of leakage and remove the ions and fluid that make it through by way of the tooth’s own blood flow. If the leakage is significant enough, however, sensitivity, marginal discoloration3, and secondary caries can result, leading to possible failure of the restoration.2, CAUSES OF MICROLEAKAGE As previously stated, micro-leakage is mainly caused by shrinkage of the composite during polymerization. Bulk curing of composite results in a greater leve... ... middle of paper ... ...ku MN, Neme AL, Linger JB, Pink FE, Walker S. Effect of pre-heating resin composite on restoration microleakage. Oper Dent. 2008; 33(1);72-8. YELLOW 5. Giachetti L, Russo DS, Bambi C, Nieri M, Bertini F. Influence of operator skill on microleakege of total-etch and self-etch bonding systems. J Dent 2008; 36:49-53. BLUE 6. Yazici AR, Keles A, Tuncer D, Baseren M. Effect of prerestorative home-bleaching on microleakage of self-etch adhesives. J Comp 2010; 22(3);186-192. PINK 7. Gharizadeh N, Moradi K, Haghighizadeh MH. A study of microleakage in class II composite restorations using four different curing techniques. Oper Dent. 2007; 32(4);336-340. GREY 8. Cenci MS, Venturini D, Demarco FF, Camacho GB, Powers, JM. Effect of polishing techniques and time on surface roughness, hardness and microleakage of resin composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2006; 31(1),11-7. ORANGE
Composite restoration usage in dentistry is increasing. Because of this interest in the longevity and reliability of composite fillings also is increasing1. One problem that can occur with composite restorations is micro-leakage. This is when microgaps at the tooth-restoration interface allow fluids and bacteria into the restoration2. These gaps are formed when the material is polymerized and shrinks, which causes the material to pull away from the margins of the preporation2. Problems that can arise from micro-leakage are secondary carries, hypersensitivity, pulp stimulation, and marginal discoloration3. This is why dentists are trying to find ways to reduce micro-leakage of composite restorations.
Stoll, Betke et al. (2005) In a retrospective study estimated that the survival according their apical extent. Flush fillings had a 94% survival estimation while short and long fillings estimated results were 80.9% and 74.0% respectively in 5 to 10 years.(Caplan and Weintraub 1997) in a case control study found similar results but it was insignificant. They also found that teeth which had long fillings were extracted rather than retained in contrast to short filling which were retained more often than extracted. The previous results show that RCT within 2 mm of the radiographic apex have the best outcomes.
Dr. Gary Silva and his team are highly trained and experienced in providing restorations for all sorts of dental issues. We offer complete and partial dentures, tooth-colored fillings, crowns, bridges, and more. Dr. Silva’s unique background gave him real restorative experience early in his career. For more than 20 years, Dr. Silva has been offering patients the chance to gain a beautiful, functional smile with his restorative dentistry.
Ceramics are most commonly used in dental applications as restorative materials for crowns, cements and dentures.
Abnormal wear of tooth surfaces was an orthodontic problem early on, even ancient people wanted straight teeth! To close gaps, it has been construed that catgut did the work now done by today’s orthodontic wire. In 400-500 BC, Hippocrates and Aristotle both ruminated about ways to level teeth and fix many dental conditions. It should be noted that in Medieval times, expert barbers often performed dental “operations”, extractions, and procedures such as blood-letting. In seventeen twenty-eight, French Dentist Pierre Fauchard published a book called “The Surgeon Dentist” about ways to straighten and align teeth. He used a device called a “Bandeau,” a horse-shaped piece of precious metal which helped...
... teeth was 79% and 65% in the permanent first molars. The arrest rate for caries on both permanent and primary teeth was 77%. In comparison, a study done on children in Greenland, the arrest rate for dentinal caries applied with just NaF varnish was only 33%(Ekstrand, et al; 2010)
Service life The effect of fillers on polymers is that they are very beneficial because they don’t get ruined for a long time. Glass fillers are the most commonly used fillers in polymers. This is because they last longer and their service life is longer.
3) Describe the rationale and demonstrate how to chart existing restorations (amalgam, composite, gold, crowns, bridges, other), missing teeth, incipient caries and caries.
...an be seen that composite teeth form a high stability bond than PMMA teeth. This is due to the filler content allowing for low shrinkage, increased wear resistance and better cross-linkage with the base. In overall consensus the technique of heat-curing is believed to achieve significantly more polymer cross-linkage than that of self-curing the acrylic resin PMMA base - giving us a stronger base to teeth interface. It should be noted however that both techniques can be used for denture fabrication to achieve a desired result and it is up to the dentist and the technician to determine which one they prefer however, composite teeth bonded to a heat-cured PMMA base works best. Though the tooth and base by themselves may be strong, if the interface between them is not strong, this will result in the overall denture produced being weak independent of material selection.
The future of dentistry is the end of the use of amalgam restorations. Amalgam restorations are believed to be the cause of many illnesses for dental professionals. Dental professionals are exposed daily to the harmful chemicals contained in the material that makes up amalgam, including mercury. With the advent of resin restorations and their more popular use, amalgam restorations will be a thing of the past, only read about in dental history books.
The existence of micro-leakage in dental restorations was first identified in scientific research in 19126. In a study done by Harper (1912), air pressure was used to penetrate the surface between an amalgam restoration and cavity preparation7. By applying pressure through a hole in the pulpal floor, Harper could quantify the amount of pressure needed to establish leakage through the emergence of bubbles from the margins of the restoration. Research has come a long way since Harper first recognized micro-leakage. Adaptations of new materials used when placing composite restorations like BondAband, a light-cured glass-ionomer cement has been shown to reduce marginal micro-leakage in posterior restorations8. A decrease in microleakage has also been shown with the use of an ...
...because the residual oxygen from the whitening gels created an oxygen-inhibited layer. It is recommended that clinicians delay the placement of bonded restorations until 1-3 weeks after treatment (Can-Karabulut et al 2011).
Impression materials are used to register or reproduce the form and relations of the teeth and the surrounding oral tissues (1). Making an impression represents a critical step in processing and fitting of a dental prosthesis (2). Several types of impression materials are produced. These include silicones, polyether, polysulfide and alginate which are available for crowns and fixed partial denture impressions. Silicone impression materials are considered to be suitable impression materials to use for fixed prostheses (3). Also, it has been reported that silicone has the ability to remain dimensionally stable through disinfection procedures (4). Among silicone impression materials, one type of them, called polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) is reported
A Lot of women and girls would say, “I love doing my toe and fingernails!”, or “matte is better than glossy”. But my question is do they know the history behind nail polish? Or is matte really better than glossy? Well, all of these questions and more will be answered in this essay. This essay is conducted to state weather matte nail polish last longer than glossy.
Cosmetic dentistry is a specialized field that deals with improving the aesthetics of teeth and the human face. The teeth are an important part of human beauty. Even minor damage to the teeth, such as breakage or loss can drastically alter the overall appearance of the face. This is where cosmetic dentistry comes in to restore beauty. Cosmetic dentistry has become a highly specialized branch due to various advancements in surgical procedures and diagnostic techniques. Several new materials have also been discovered. These materials are very close to the natural enamel and bone from which teeth are made and are virtually indistinguishable. Cosmetic dentistry is an option in conditions such as teeth loss, gaps between teeth, cracked or chipped teeth, cavities and dental