The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between workplace bullying behavior and its effect on job satisfaction and performance. Definitions and literatures relevant to the study of workplace bullying and its effect on employee’s job satisfaction and performance are described in this chapter. Theoretical Framework
There are number of studies that links bullying as a persistent and bring pervasive effect in the working environment. One particular theory that communes to the subject of workplace bullying is the Conflict Theory, which is propounded by Karl Marx. This theory suggests that harmony is maintained by domination and power, rather than harmony and obedience. Conflict Theory directly relates to the subject of bullying which delineates inequality, imbalance of power, and despondency occurrences. In addition, bullying has been heralded as a challenging social relationship problem wherein the interactions between the individual and his or her social environment supports this concept, This theory can be applied on a large or small scale to study evidences of inequality and imbalance of power how it affects human behavior, (Hutchinson, 2011).
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This theory was introduced by Jean Baker Miller, M.D., it focuses on human relations and interactions within a community setting which would be affected by bullying. The cultural facets relates to riveted influences of larger culture and power, inequality, nature of relationships and impact of healthy coexistence. This is an important heuristic wherein multi-dimensional strategy that targets not only bullies, but victims, bystanders, families, and communities. (Whitted & Dupper,
When bullying is approached from a social conflict point of view statistical evidence such as surveys, interviews, and experiments are not only utilized to determine what groups of peopled are prone to bullying others but, they are also used to determine what group of people tend to be bullied. For example, 25% of African American students reported being bullied at school. “25% of African American students, 22% of Caucasian students, 17% of Hispanic students, and 9% of Asian students reported being bullied at school (National Center for Educational Statistics).” In other words, social conflict explains bullying in ways that is surrounded around the bullied or
Workplace bullying is defined as any as any type of repetitive abuse in which the victim of the bullying behaviour suffers verbal abuse, threats, humiliating or intimidating behaviours, or behaviours that interfere with his or her job performance and are meant to place at risk the health and safety of the victim (Murray, 2009). Bullying can take many forms, some blatant, others more subtle. Researchers ha...
Bullying has been the getting more and more attention in research for the past few years, because many individuals have been seriously hurt physically, damaged psychologically, and even killed literally due to bully-ism. Since bullying is brought about by an imbalance of power is it fair to say, bullying is a systematic tool of violence used to intimidate and maintain dominance (Coloroso, p.
Many people find the word “bullying” hard to define. In fact, the definition of the word has changed greatly within the last ten years. The current definition of bullying, according to stopbullying.gov, is “unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is reappeared, or has the potential to be repeated over tim...
The psychoanalytic perspective (Erikson’s psychosocial stages), Sigmund Freud Ego or psychological defense mechanism, and behaviorism and social learning theory, are important to understanding adolescent bullying. In the psychoanalytic approach, development is discontinuous and as such occurs in stages where “people move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations, and how these conflicts are resolved depends on the person’s ability to learn, to cope with others and cope with stress” (Berk 2010, p.15). According to Sigmund Freud from this theory, individuals use a mechanism called psychological defense mechanisms which when they feel an overpowering anxiety, the ego employs to protect themselves against unwanted, scary feelings or weaknesses within their psyche or consciousness. The use of these defense mechanisms can be useful sometimes and also hurtful at other times to us and others, which emanates as aggressive behavior e.g. bullying [2]. Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development are important for understanding bully behavior. According to Erikson, a “basic psychological conflict which is resolved along a scale from positive to negative determines a healthy or maladaptive outcomes of each stage” [Berk 2010, p.16], in other words as the child grows and goes through each of the psychosocial stages, he or she negotiates new cognitive and emotional experiences which enables him or her to pass through the stage with either a positive or negative outcome. The effects and results of a negative outcome from the stages can be used to describe aggressive behavior such as bullying [Berk 2010, p.16]. According to the behaviorism and learning theory, they believed that b...
Workplace bullying is a pattern of behaviour intended to intimidate, offend, degrade or humiliate a particular person. It can include physical abuse or the threat of abuse, bullying usually causes psychological rather than physical harm. The respondents are being bullied by their employers but these helped them to strive harder to achieve their goals. Although job challenges can be hard to deal with, overcoming those issues can help an employee become stronger and more confident.
This is a summary of a journal article titled “Workplace Bullies: Why they are successful and what can be done about it?” published in the Organizational Development Journal. The authors of the article are Mr. Karl Olive, and Dr. Joseph Cangemi, (Karl, and Joseph). Karl and Joseph examined the aspect of workplace bullying that has currently reached an all-time high. Randall (1997) defines workplace bullying as “aggressive behaviors that are intended to inflict psychological angst or even physical harm to others in the workplace.”(Randall, P. 1997). The question answered in this article is why do
Bullying has both short term and long effects on the victim. A victim of someone who has been bullied for so long can lead to them bullying other individuals, making this a never-ending cycle. "Bu...
Everyone has been bullied or encountered someone being bullied at some point of their life. Whether it would be physically or verbally both can be exceedingly traumatizing and can have a long-term psychological influence on children’s development. Majority people may define bullying in a more physical term; nevertheless that’s not always the case. The act of bullying can occur in several ways and in reality affect the individual in the same way. Bullying is generally defined as repeated, negative, and harmful actions focused at target throughout a course of time, exhibiting a sense of power difference between the bully and the victim (Olweus, 1993; Limber & Mihalic, 1999 as cited from Douglas J. Boyle, 2005). A survey was conducted in the United States estimating that over six million children, about 30% in grade six through ten have experienced frequent bullying in a school environment (Nansel, 2001 as cited from Douglas J. Boyle, 2005). Many people might debate that bullying is something that every child goes through and is simply a part of growing up, although there are several damaging consequences that happens to the child’s brain. Bullying causes the child to feel upset, isolated, frightened, anxious, and depressed. They feel like they reason they are being picked on is because there is something wrong with them and may even lose their confidence feel unsafe going to school (Frenette, 2013 as cited from Douglas J. Boyle, 2005) Anthropologically, sociologically, or psychologically, bullying can be analyzed through different perspectives and several questions can be asked based on the topic:
In a CNN study by Chuck Hadad he states “That bullying is pervasive even though the schools have anti-bullying programs from kindergarten through 12th grade, assemblies throughout the year, and a peer-to-peer program where older students talk to younger students about the dangers of bullying” (Hadad). Robert Faris, a sociologist found that bullies and victims are generally the same person. Whe...
Conflict theory reveals school bullying the best. In organizations, similar to schools, penitentiaries, and work environments, divisions of individuals actually happen. Class-type frameworks build up those with the most cash, knowledge, or power in the high society, those with less come next, trailed by those with little or nothing. The bully is not from the high society or the most intelligent, he or she is in the center and feels put around those above. To compensate for these sentiments of inadequacy, the bully picks one from the most minimal class, or the minimum keen, and spooks that individual for the surge of force felt amid the procedure.
Victims of bullying will eventually show the effects of bullying by being passive or secluding themselves from other individuals. The background or culture of a victim will most likely determine how they progress or react in a bullying experience. A victim may retaliate to the bully's attacks depending on the level of aggressiveness used. Parenting affects the decisions made by both victims and bullies in the peer interactions. Intervention approaches to this social vice will include changing the victims’ opinions about themselves through encouragement and teaching them how to effectively respond to attackers...
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Bullying can be described in three components. First, bullying is aggressive behavior that involves unwanted, negative actions. Second, bullying involves a pattern of behavior repeated over time. Third, bullying involves an imbalance of power or strength. The text states that practically every ethnic group has a strong feeling of ethnocentrism, “an orientation or set beliefs that holds one’s own culture, ethnic or racial group is superior to others” (Barker, 2003, p. 148).
In spite of the specific behavior, bullying can bring a very bad effect on workplace. It can lower employee’s morale and reduce the productivity because of absenteeism. (2014, Mar 15) Form the study by Korkmaz and Cemaloglu (2010), they indicates that absenteeism can be traced to bullying. Form the other study, the study of working bullying and sickness absence in hospital staff by Kivimaki, Elovainio & Vahtera (2000) which base on 647male and 4981 female hospital emoloyees, it also show that victims of bullying have 1.2 times higher sickness absence that the rest of the stuff, which mean workplace bulling relates to the increase in absenteeism. From the study by Devonish (2014), he collected the self-reported absence data from survey...