Reflection Paper On Betty Neuman System Model

Reflection questions

Identify the author (s) of this model

Betty Maxine Reynolds was born in Lowell, Ohio, on September 11, 1924. Adopting the name Betty Neuman after she married Richard Neuman, an OB/GYN resident, in 1954 (Bullough & Sentz, 2004). She worked in many capacities of nursing as an organizational developer, administrator, and educational consultant, but she is best known for the Neuman System Model and as a nursing pioneer in mental health. She holds a Master’s degree in Mental Health, Public Health Consultation from UCLA and two Honorary Doctorates, one from Neumann College and other from Grand Valley State University. She developed the Neuman System Model during her lecturing years at UCLA while seeking to offer her students

Betty Neuman created the system model from concepts influenced by “de Chardin’s philosophical beliefs about the wholeness of life; Marxist philosophic views of the oneness of man and nature; Gestalt and field theories of the interaction between person and environment; general system theory of the nature of living open systems; Emery’s and Lazarus’ views of systems; Selye’s conceptualization of stress; and Caplan’s articulation of levels of prevention” (Fawcett, 2001).

Describe the model Neuman System Model is a conceptual framework with a multilevel holistic approach that focuses on the client’s perceived or actual interpersonal stress, intra-personal stress, and/or extra-personal stress. The key concepts of the model include: a person’s variable, central core, flexible lines of defense, normal lines of defense, lines of resistance, reconstitution, stresses, and prevention. The variables include physical, psychological, socio-cultural, spiritual beliefs, and developmental stages during a lifespan. (Neuman Yong, 1972). Neuman System Model central core is compose of the “basic

Though they both believe in the term holism, Neuman decided to spell holism with a W. Neuman implied that the word is both philosophical and biological. Roy “believes that individuals share in creative power, behaves purposefully not in a sequence of cause and effect, and she believes in the purposefulness of human existence” (Fawcett, 1995). This is not to state that Neuman does not share the same views, but just that I was unable to find any similarities. Neuman’s model has a broader implications that can be transferred to other disciplines, and RAM can only be applied to nursing, nursing education, and research. RAM does not mention any preventive measures, and her theory is complex, unclear, and nontransferable to other disciplines. Neuman addresses the nurse’s responsibility in the treatment of a client during all levels stressor (prior, during, after) and Roy employs nurses when the coping of the client has been weakened or ineffective. Roy model appears to be a tool to handle stress, but it does not appear to address the client when there is no stress. The incongruent and unfamiliar terms cognator and regulator makes the concept difficult to equate to nursing. Finally, Neuman used the term primary, secondary and tertiary to explain the preventions intervention and Roy used the same terms to explain the