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Impact of Labor Force demographic Change
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Recruitment Trends and the Changing Demographics of the Workforce
Workforce demographics are constantly changing. This is going to have major impacts on recruitment trends in the coming years. There are many reasons for the rise and fall of labor and workforce in the United States since 1950. From men and women, age of workers, increase in education, immigration, and marital status; all of these different things have contributed to these changes throughout the years and over decades. There have been steady increases throughout the last 50 years but we will see a tapering off of this growth due to many factors over the next 50 years.
There were rises and falls in birth rates starting in the late 1920’s. “The birth rates were low in the late 20’s and early 30’s, then became very high in the 1940’s through the early 1960’s. The birth rate growth was only then modest in the late 1970’s through the early 1990’s” (Lerman & Schmidt, n.d.). It was not uncommon for large families in the earlier years from the 1940’s through to the 1960’s. The increase of children could have been cau...
With the clash of the cultures increasingly challenging our way of living, we must fight even harder to keep our families practicing good morality and traditional values. The census of the 20s shows us that more and more Americans are making the move to the big city and for reasons I don’t quite understand. There are many that embrace the new modern world, but my family members are plain old country folk that enjoy rural living, living on farms or in small towns. And marriage should be considered sacred and children should be considered a blessing from God, not a burden or imposition. In the essay entitled “Birth Control,” by Ella K. Dearborn, written for the Birth Control Review in March 1928, Dearborn opposed certain women having children
there is also an increase in friends placed in the voluntary kin category. The article states that people who are single or live alone think of themselves as a family. Yet studies shown that these single families tend to keep more in touch with the relatives. A statement that Dr. Coontz makes is that We’re seeing a class divide not only between the haves and the have-nots, but between the I do’s and the I do nots,”. The article also states that the way demographer noticed differences in today’s family from previous one was through the birth rates, today’s rate is about half of what it used to be in 1960. After the era of the baby boom in 1964, the rate was 36 percent, and last year the number dropped to 23.5 percent predicting a 21 percent of child births by 2050. This because less women are become mothers – yet those who are only have one or two children compared the 3 children per family in the 1970s. Another reason the articles bring up about child care is the expenses, a child can easily cost a family as little as 241,080 to about a million dollars. However, the article agrees with chapter when it states that women with a bachelor or higher wait longer to get married and have children (about 90 percent)
We see 1950s in the United States as the golden era for the American people, and likewise, the late 1990s was considered as a prosperous time. However, the former decade observed the height of the nuclear family and low divorce rates, while the latter recorded higher rates of marriage dissolution and nonmarital births, as well as low rates of marriage. What was happening differently in these two decades? In order to rationalize these trends in conditions and inequalities among U.S. household and families, it is necessary to study the development in economy and employment and occupational structure in the United States.
In the 1940's, there was a population growth of 19 million, which doubled the rise of the 1930's. However, in 1957, America experienced a "baby boom", and by 1957 the population increased by 29 million. "The rising birthrate was the dominant factor affecting population growth" (text, 847). Along with the escalated birth rate was an upsurge in divorces due to problems with separation and infidelity. " In 1945, more than half a million marriages were dissolved" (Bailey, 147).
Thus these elite necessities prompted high rates of fertility - couples during and after the world war two wedded at an ever more youthful age with the posterity therefore more various - creating the desire for, without a doubt, more commodious housing. Greater homes and greater families suggested a greater workload for spouses and mothers and requested a more noticeable obligation to the private space. Extending auto proprietorship both made the suburb possible and ensured its isolating effect upon housewives: public transport was seen immaterial, disregarding the way that most families had one vehicle which was utilized by work-away
However, social conditions made it less feasible for families to live this way. As the 1960s approached and consumption was in high demand, women were yet again, forced to join the work force; but only a quarter of the women joined the workforce, whereas in the 1990s about “two-thirds of women who had children were in the work force (Coontz 55). Coontz (1997) explains how by 1973, “real wages were falling for young families, and by the late 1970s, government effectiveness had decreased (Coontz 54). It was because of economic factors that the nuclear bread-winning family could only be a lifestyle a few can afford. Nonetheless, women joining the workforce created a new understanding of women-hood, changed women’s status in society, and created conflict within the household. Women did not have the time to complete all the household tasks which contributed to the increased divorce rates, but left women happier due to the fact that they had that ultimate
With all the different economic opportunities, it is no wonder some Americans see procreation as a supplemental source of monetary income. During the twentieth century, we propagated the American Dream and placed pressure on Americans to settle down and start families. Prior to the twentieth century, many couples would have children, who would often then become labor assets; children would tend the fields or do various jobs around the home to save the family money by avoiding outsourcing. As the population grew, the laws of supply and demand triggered a need for new technology; this technology made it easier to sustain the population but also made the need for the extra children obsolete. This did not stop Americans from breeding.
World War II brought peace and economic prosperity to the Allied nations, which allowed for the fertility rate in North America to increase. This caused an explosion in the population of the U.S. especially, with around 78 million babies born by the end of the 1940s-1960s, according to Colombia Dictionary. Similarly, Canada experienced a surge of 479,000 babies following the 1950s (Henripin, Krotki 1). A large population amounts to a shift in demographics, and subsequently the social system of North America started to change gradually in order to adapt to the new baby boom generation. As a result of a new economic affluence in the continent, North American society became materialistic and consumerism seized a big part of the economy (Owram 309). Children became an important demographic for companies, leading to the toy industry benefitting and expanding (Gillion 5). Technology advanced considerably, too: in the 1950s, the television became a ground-breaking medium that helped people spread ideas, see what was going on in their country and the rest of the world, much like what the printing press did for the Renaissance. Although the post-WWII baby boom only occurred in a few countries, namely the U.S. and Canada, this time period transformed the West and the world immensely—the areas of life that were affected during the baby boom went on to greatly influence later generations and decades due to the change and reform it yielded, which replaced the outdated and unethical traditions of the old West and the world.
Canadian fertility started its decline early in the 19th century. It dropped about 30% between the years of 1851 and 1891. This long term decline in fertility was offset by the number of young, prolific immigrants arriving in Canada seeking a new and better life. Statistics show average Canadian families had 4.1 children for parents who were born in 1871; whereas parents born in 1911 had an average of 2.9 ...
Almost exactly nine months after World War II ended in 1945, approximately 3.4 million babies were born. That was twenty percent more than the previous year. 1946 is considered the beginning of the “baby boom”, which continued until 1964, when it tapered off. By then there were 76.4 million baby boomers in the United States, which comprised forty percent of the nations population at the time. There are a few different theories that historians believe were the cause of the baby boom. One belief is that the baby boom was caused by the desire for normalcy after 16 years of war. Another is that the baby boom was a cold war campaign to fight communism by outnumbering the communists. The final, and most likely theory as to why so many babies were born is older Americans that were putting off marriage and
Mizuochi, Masaki. “The Effect of the work-family policy on fertility in Japan.” Princeton. Princeton.edu, n.d., Web. 1 Mar. 2014
The general fertility rate was almost half of what it was in 1989 at 49 live births per one thousand women and the total fertility rate was approaching replacement level at 2.22 children per woman. Fertility rates were highest for ages 20 through 29. Young mothers in the 10-14 age range had the third lowest age specific fertility rates with 2.91 live births per one thousand women. Mothers in the 15-19 age range averaged 74.37 births per one thousand women. Mothers in the 20-24 age range had the highest fertility rate with 122.20 live births per one thousand women. Mothers aged 25-29 had the second highest fertility rate with 103.92 live births per one thousand women. Mothers aged 30-34 averaged 81.48 live births per one thousand women. The decline in fertility starting at age 35 seen in 1985 is also present in 2011. Mothers in the 35-39 age range averaged 43.66 live births per one thousand women. Mothers between the ages of 40-44 averaged 13.71 live births per one thousand women and mothers aged 45-49 averaged 1.03 live births per one thousand women. Mothers over the age of 50 had the lowest fertility rate, with .12 live births per one thousand womem (Yearbook 2013). In both years fertility peaked between the ages of 20 and 24. In 1985 the rise in fertility is far more abrupt than in 2011, and the higher rates of fertility last longer as well. In 1985 the age specific fertility rate hits triple digits
Studying our past human history in the workforce, you can see which trends will be the most powerful. One of those most powerful trends is that the fact that more people are working in service industries rather than the manual labor jobs. According to Volti, “In a relatively short space of time, we have gone from an economy where most adults (and many children as well) worked as farmers, miners, and factory operatives to one in which the majority of the workforce is employed in healthcare, education, government, sales, and other service industries” (274). Wherever the money goes is where the support will go and, in this case, service industry employees have more support than the manual labor workers. The economy is pushing these non-manual
Throughout the 1950s, the United States was exiting and recovering from World War II and this recovery moment gradually initiated a baby boom. During this time, the soldiers were ready to make up for lost times and women began to marry earlier and have children sooner. In those times, the earlier women began to have children, the more they usually had. Once girls reached their teenage years and were able to conceive children, they were married off and had to begin their womanly duties (Brown). The aspect of having multiple children was essential to the family unit in the 1950s and preventative methods were not up for discussion. This aspect was detrimental for the baby as well as the mother with the mother being uneducated and so young. School had to be put behind everything family related and sometimes so was health (Willis). The idea of possibly dying during birth was a matter that was stressed for the life expectancy of the mother and the child, but having a plethora of children was important for the welfare of the household at this time (World). Not only did the father have to provide and the mother had to withdraw from paid labor to take care of the household, but the children had their part. Most couples had more children in an effort to...
The authors wanted to identify a relationship between retention and talent management and they have used a causal comparative method and for their quantitative research they used the survey technique wherein the sample included senior HR personnel of 36 organizations. A lot of open-ended questions were asked to obtain subjective response from the audience.