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Historical analysis of the salem witch trials
Historical analysis of the salem witch trials
Historical analysis of the salem witch trials
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Rebecca Nurse was the embodiment of a kind, pious, and gentle citizen during the 17th century in Salem, Massachusetts. Having spent her entire life a devout Purist, Rebecca was hardly a typical candidate to be accused of such a heinous act such as witchcraft in 1692. And yet, she was violently taken from this world before her time had come, accused of afflicting girls through the medium of witchcraft, causing pain, suffering, and fits to such innocent younglings. How could someone who seemed so innocent be sentenced to the worst, cruelest punishment of all, death? A consensus on her innocence has been undisputed by historians and scholars since her travesty of a hanging. The evidence against Rebecca Nurse was not particularly concrete, even …show more content…
Some scholars attempt to make the claim that she was the turning point of the trials due to the fact that people began to wonder if someone as devout as Rebecca could be accused, what’s to say that any other innocent person could be thereafter accused? However this has been very difficult to prove as trials went on long after her death, and Martha Corey, another accused, can be considered for that role in the following trials (Smith). Surely her family had been jumping for joy at that verdict, but the happiness did not last long at all, when the public demanded a reconsideration on the jury’s decision, consequently ending in an overturning of the non-guilty result (Hansen 128-129). While this is considerably the worst possible situation for Rebecca, it did seem to be the wake-up call for the judges and priests, though this reaction was not instantaneous. Why did so many of these professional judges and jury members ignore their responsibilities by overturning their original judgement when she was so clearly …show more content…
The Salem community began to full understand the terror that comes with the idea that the afflicted girls could claim any person, no matter how pious, no matter how respectable, to be a witch. Afflicted girls could base their claims solely on intangible spectral evidence, something only seen by the afflicted (which is not the case for every accused; for example, someone by the name of Samuel Gray hallucinated of Bridget Bishop “before he knew her or knew her name”), which would not be considered as any sort of concrete evidence in today’s criminal system as it can be easily abused and deceitfully fashioned (Hansen 68.) Autumn of that same year, spectral evidence was disregarded during evidence hearings for this very reason. Jurors were no longer allowed to consider this kind of evidence when determining the verdict of an
Carlson begins her study with the theory that the afflicted among Salem's residents exhibited symptoms identical to those of individuals infected during the worldwide epidemic of encephalitis lethargica of the 1920s. She insists that "victims had nothing to gain" from coming forward to make their accusations, so that their torment must have been real; a bold statement, but one based on the author's opinion alone (27). Carlson tends to dismiss or simply fails to mention any material that does not neatly fit her theory. Any evidence that points to the fact that the afflicted girls were anything more than hapless victims of a virulent disease is not addressed. In fact, there is quite a bit of material from the testimonies produced at the trials of reputed witches that raises doubts about the accusers. But, Carlson sees cle...
“The Devil in the Shape of a Woman” was an excellent book that focuses on the unjusts that have been done to women in the name of witchcraft in Salem, and many other areas as well. It goes over statistical data surrounding gender, property inherence, and the perceptions of women in colonial New England. Unlike the other studies of colonial witchcraft, this book examines it as a whole, other then the usual Salem outbreaks in the late 17th century.
In his article, “Why I Wrote The Crucible,” Arthur Miller speaks of the 1950’s “which nobody seems to remember clearly”- a time of fearful insanity and unrest. Anyone could be accused. Showing excessive opposition ensured prosecution. Most shrunk back from disputing the McCarthy hearings for fear of their safety. Now, this period of panic is viewed as absurd. As Miller describes Hitler as being almost comical to his generation, the modern generation sees the Salem witch trials as foolish scuffles between ignorant people. The actual events were much different as perceived. Just as a feud with a neighbor seems trivial to those not involved but of intense frustration to the embroiled , the trials were not silly and insignificant. The trials were more about personal issues between rivals than witchcraft itself- the witchcraft was a weapon for Salemites to obtain revenge on their enemies. A tool Miller uses to show the reader this emotion is Rebecca Nurse, seventy-year-old grandmother, wife, and respected member of Salem society. Miller modifies her character in his play. Some facts remain true in the play, others are altered, and some have been neglected altogether. What did he change, and what did he regret to? Why did Miller take such liberties with Rebecca’s character in his play?
The Salem Trials took place between the 10th of June and the 22nd of 1692 and in this time nineteen people. In addition to this one man was pressed to death and over 150 people where sent to jail where four adult and one infant died. Although when compared to other witch-hunts in the Western world, it was ‘a small incident in the history of a great superstition,’ but has never lost its grip on our imagination’ . It’s because of this that over the last three centuries many historians have analysed the remaining records of the trials in order to work out what the causes and events were that led to them.
Rebecca Nurse was known to all as a saintly woman. She followed God with all her heart, soul, mind, and strength. The Lord was her savior and protector. But because of mass hysteria, Mrs. Nurse was incriminated of exploiting witchcraft. This aghast most people because the most religious person they knew had been a witch. This was false. Rebecca Nurse was not a witch and had not demonstrated witchcraft by any means. She was innocent. She, like John Proctor, was solicited by Reverend Hale to confess but to no avail. Rebecca Nurse had held an immaculate reputation, and she was not about to let it get defamed by some false accusation. Rebecca Nurse, again like John Proctor, was hung for her falsely accused treacherous actions. This again is a prime example of what people will go through in order to keep a reputation that is accepted by
One of the first people to be charged, was Rebecca Nurse, wife of Francis Nurse, a well-respected man of the community. This disturbance caused great anxiety amongst the people in Salem, as they would have least suspected Rebecca Nurse to be one to deal with the Devil. "If Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothing's left to stop the whole green world from burning." Goody Putnam was the one to accuse her of witchcraft, for the death of her seven babies, but even with no just proof, Rebecca Nurse is hanged for "sending her spirit out on them."
Hinds, Maurene J. Witchcraft on Trial: From the Salem Witch Hunts to the Crucible. Library ed. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow, 2009. Print.
The term witchcraft is defines as the practice of magic intended to influence nature. It is believed that only people associated with the devil can perform such acts. The Salem Witch Trials was much more than just America’s history, it’s also part of the history of women. The story of witchcraft is first and foremost the story of women. Especially in its western life, Karlsen (1989) noted that “witchcraft challenges us with ideas about women, with fears about women, with the place of women in society and with women themselves”. Witchcraft also confronts us too with violence against women. Even through some men were executed as witches during the witch hunts, the numbers were far less then women. Witches were generally thought to be women and most of those who were accused and executed for being witches were women. Why were women there so many women accused of witchcraft compared to men? Were woman accused of witchcraft because men thought it was a way to control these women? It all happened in 1692, in an era where women were expected to behave a certain way, and women were punished if they threatened what was considered the right way of life. The emphasis of this paper is the explanation of Salem proceedings in view of the role and the position of women in Colonial America.
Puritans believed in the devil and his role as strong as they believed in God and his role. For many centuries, Puritans had the idea that the weakest individuals in society often committed diabolical acts and sins. Furthermore, Satan selected the most vulnerable individuals to do his bidding, among these individuals, women were often held responsible for many sins, including witchcraft. (Godbeer 12). According to Richard Godbeer, in his book, The Salem Witch Hunt, “it was Eve who first gave away to Satan and seduced Adam.” (Godbeer 12). In 1692, witchcraft became a panic among Puritan society. Even though both men and women were accused of witchcraft, women were seventy-six percent more likely to be accused in Salem than men. (Godbeer 12). Puritan society was a male dominate society and men looked down upon women. There were two particular reasons to why women were often accused of being witches. The first reason, was in due to the Puritan belief that women were the source of evil. The second reason was because of certain events that associated with accusations. These events were being of relatively low social status and income, being rich or financially independent and being a midwife or nurse.
The notorious witch trials of Salem, Massachusetts occurred from June through September. It is a brief, but turbulent period in history and the causes of the trials have long been a source of discussion among historians. Many try to explain or rationalize the bizarre happenings of the witch hunts and the causes that contributed to them. To understand the trials and how they came to be, we must first examine the ideals and views of the people surrounding the events. Although religious beliefs were the most influential factor, socioeconomic tensions, and ergot poisoning are also strongly supported theories. A combination of motives seems the most rational explanation of the frenzy that followed the illness of the two girls. This paper looks closely at the some of the possible causes of one of the most notable occurrences in history.
One example is Rebecca Nurse; previously a respected member of the Salem community, imprisoned and hanged simply because of the girls’ unfounded accusations. It is this irrational fear of the Devil destroying the Puritan lifestyle of Salem that controls the minds of the townsfolk, forcing them to conform to the Court’s agenda. The overpowering ideology of Puritanism compels them to condemn anybody who shows any sign of deviation from the strict path that their religion
To sum it up, the Salem Witch trials is a point in time where people started blaming others for misfortunes that occurred. Let’s say you felt a very strong stomach ache while hanging out with your friend. You two had, had a fight recently and you both believed in witchcraft. You could easily take your friend to court and accuse them of witchcraft, as long as you had spectral evidence. Spectral evidence is based
It was really an odd way of how the Salem witch trials all started. Something so big is caused by a group of such young girls. They were known as the “afflicted girls” (Brooks). There were about a total of 9 girls involved. Supposedly after playing a fortune-telling game they all started to act out in very abnormal ways. Three of the girls: Mercy Lewis, Betty Parris, Mary Warren, were all examined by Dr. William Griggs and he suggested that they were bewitched (Brooks). During this time Salem separated into accusers and the accused. One of the accused women was a former slave, Tituba. She of the three women accused confessed the use of witchcraft. All three of the women were arrested and questioned. Tituba confessed seeing a few girls acting weird and confessed treating some of the girls in a rude way. She however did n...
Rebecca Nurse is portrayed to have a sense of what is right and wrong as her moral compass remains untainted throughout the play. When Betty lay unconscious, people of Salem quickly led to the conclusion that witchcraft was prevalent in their community. However, Rebecca says, “Pray calm yourselves. I have eleven children, and I am twenty-six times a grandma...and when it come on them they will run the Devil bowlegged keeping up with their mischief,” (33). Rebecca believes that the girls are just in another one of their “silly seasons” and ultimately tries to calm the people of Salem. In contrast to many of the other characters in the play, Rebecca and her actions are not influenced by a need for an increase in social image or reputation; Rebecca is merely portrayed as a saint for she remains to have a pure mindset and reputation. When Rebecca is arrested for witchcraft, Reverend Parris is shocked and ultimately doubts the court’s decision. Parris tells Judge Hathorne that if Rebecca were to be accused and killed, she will “stand upon the gibbet and send up some righteous prayer, and I fear she’ll wake a vengeance on you,” (129). Here, Miller emphasizes by showing Rebecca’s impact on the Salem community. By stating how she’ll “wake a vengeance on you,” Miller indicates that Rebecca’s holiness remains untouched for even Reverend Parris
It is clear that the judicial system was heavily manipulated and convinced to believe the lies that the little girls told. The deceit that takes place during the trials is something that is nearly unmatchable by any other disasters taking place due to the court of law and the mistakes they made. As we reflect back on the events that happened during these trials, I ask that you keep in mind the feelings of not only the people on trial for false accusations, but also think of their families and loved ones going through the stress and trying desperately to redeem their good name and undo the hatred and chaos that a mere few girls dancing in the woods has caused