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Racial and ethnic disparities in behavior health care are not a new phenomenon. According to researchers’ disparities in health services use and outcomes have contributed to difference in access to care. Evidence showed that compare to the majority, African American and the Latino they have the lowest income, less education, lower rates of private insurance coverage. There are possibilities that explain this phenomenon: racial bias on the part of the door, patient preferences, and poor communication.
Studied statement the bias hypothesis is a misinterpretation, they believe that most doctors strive to clinical work free bias, however, social psychology research documentation reported that bias can occur without intention. The reasons are
Health Disparities and Racism is an ongoing problem that is reflected among society. Health is when an individual is physically, mentally and social well being is complete. However health disparities seems to be a social injustice within various ethnicities. Health disparities range from age, race, income, education and many other things. Even though we realize health disparities are more noticeable depending on the region of country where they live in. Racism is one of the most popular factors, for why it’s known that people struggle with health.
Cobb, Torry Grantham, DHSc, MPH,M.H.S., P.A.-C. (2010). STRATEGIES FOR PROVIDING CULTURAL COMPETENT HEALTH CARE FOR HMONG AMERICANS. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 17(3), 79-83. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezp-01.lirn.net/docview/750318474?accountid=158556
Kennedy, B. R., Mathis, C. C., & Woods, A. K. (2007)? African Americans and their distrust of health care system: healthcare for diverse populations. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 14(2), 56-60.
I admire her critical reflection to her own bias and privilege. This attitude must be "unhidden" curriculum in medical schools. TP Implicit bias has critical relevance to public health practitioners.
Large disparities exist between minorities and the rest of Americans in major areas of health. Even though the overall health of the nation is improving, minorities suffer from certain diseases up to five times more than the rest of the nation. President Clinton has committed the nation to eliminating the disparities in six areas of health by the Year 2010, and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) will be jumping in on this huge battle. The six areas are: Infant Mortality, Cancer Screening and Management, Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, HIV Infection and AIDS, and Child and Adult Immunizations.
Healthcare disparities are when there are inequalities or differences of the conditions of health and the quality of care that is received among specific groups of people such as African Americans, Caucasians, Asians, or Hispanics. Not only does it occur between racial and ethnic groups, health disparities can happen between males and females as well. Minorities have the worst healthcare outcomes, higher death rates, and are more prone to terminal diseases. For African American men and women, some of the most common health disparities are diabetes, cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and HIV infections. Some factors that can contribute to disparities are healthcare access, transportation, specialist referrals, and non-effective communication with patients. There is also much racism that still occurs today, which can be another reason African Americans may be mistreated with their healthcare. “Although both black and white patients tended not to endorse the existence of racism in the medical system, African Americans patients were more likely to perceive racism” (Laveist, Nickerson, Bowie, 2000). Over the years, the health care system has made improvements but some Americans, such as African Americans, are still being treating unequally when wanting the same care they desire as everyone else.
The 21st century is the era of technology and modernization. Through extremely efficient and rapid communication systems, businesses are being conducted across the globe from one single point of command and coordination. Through strong and reliable networks, it is very easy for a person to be in one corner of the world in the morning and in the other corner in the evening. Processes are becoming more and more effective and efficient and the world is coming closer as if it were a global village. This phenomenon is called globalization.
In recent discussions of health care disparities, a controversial issue has been whether racism is the cause of health care disparities or not. On one hand, some argue that racism is a serious problem in the health care system. From this perspective, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) states that there is a big gap between the health care quality received by minorities, and the quality of health care received by non-minorities, and the reason is due to racism. On the other hand, however, others argue that health care disparities are not due to racism. In the words of Sally Satel, one of this view’s main proponents, “White and black patients, on average don’t even visit the same population of physicians” (Satel 1), hence this reduces the chances of racism being the cause of health care disparities. According to this view, racism is not a serious problem in the health care system. In sum, then, the issue is whether racism is a major cause of health care disparities as the Institute of Medicine argues or racism is not really an issue in the health care system as suggested by Sally Satel.
Despite the substantial developments in diagnostic and treatment processes, there is convincing evidence that ethnic and racial minorities normally access and receive low quality services compared to the majority communities (Lum, 2011). As such, minority groups have higher mortality and morbidity rates arising from both preventable and treatable diseases judged against the majority groups. Elimination of both racial and ethnic disparities is mainly politically sensitive, but plays an important role in the equitable access of services, including the health care ones without discrimination. In addition, accountability, accessibility, and availability of equitable health care services are crucial for the continually growing
Today’s society protects against discrimination through laws, which have been passed to protect minorities. The persons in a minority can be defined as “a group having little power or representation relative to other groups within a society” (The Free Dictionary). It is not ethical for any person to discriminate based on race or ethnicity in a medical situation, whether it takes place in the private settings of someone’s home or in a public hospital. Racial discrimination, in a medical setting, is not ethical on the grounds of legal statues, moral teachings, and social standings.
The use of racial or ethnical categories in medical research is a current debate in the scientific community. This debate was brought on by the Human Genome Project, which mapped all of the DNA building blocks in the human genome (Scherer, 2006). Those who are in favor of race being reported in research use the argument that categorizing by race improves the quality of care that is received by the patient (Ossario & Duster, January 2005). By categorizing people, it is easier to identify where the disparities are occurring within the health care system. While appears beneficial to the patient on the surface, the opposite effect seems to be occurring throughout medicine. Race is a social construct that is not biologically real. The nonstandard
Due to America’s immigration patterns as of roughly the 1990s, there has been a spike in diverse population residing in the United States. In order to deliver professional standards of care, cultural competence is important. Why? Clients could file claims for health care provider’s failure to successfully diagnose and treat a certain disease or symptom due to the provider’s lack of knowledge of the patient’s health belief, cultural beliefs, traditions part of religion…etc. Due to the rise in immigration, we have such disparities in the country when it comes to health care services, if health care practitioners can treat every patient or client in the most cultural competent manner then that is when we, as a nation, can reduce this disparity.
Racial and ethnic minorities receive poorer quality of care and have poorer health outcomes in terms of both morbidity and mortality when compared to non-minorities (Nazroo, 2003). Similarly, lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with poorer health outcomes including higher rates of mortality and morbidity (Adler et al., 1994). The factors that contribute to these health disparities for racial/ethnic minorities and lower SES individuals have some commonalities but are, for the most part, distinct from one another. The main similarity between the two is the issue of access to quality health care. Race, ethnicity, social class, education level, and occupation can influence provider’s beliefs and expectations about a patient (Van Ryn & Fu, 2003). This can result in conscious and unconscious stereotyping of the
Since Congress enacted the ACA in 2010, the United States government has repeatedly pointed to the law as evidence of its commitment to address racial disparities in access to health care, abide by its international human rights obligations, and advance the nation’s global credibility on nondiscrimination in health care. On the other hand, and by repealing ACA, the Congress is now in contradiction with its claims where it stated that ACA helped close the huge gap between racial minorities in accessing health insurance. In its 2010 report to the U.N. Human Rights Council on the state of human rights in the United States, the U.S. government asserted that the ACA “will help our nation reduce disparities and discrimination in access to care that
According to the law, U.S. residents must have at least “minimal essential” health coverage. The issue with the limited coverage of these plans was that many mental health services were not covered by the ACA. Another pressing issue within the ACA was that patients were more likely to communicate problems or to feel comfortable discussing cultural practices or beliefs that affect health decision making with a provider of their same race or ethnic background. In 2008, only 4% of physicians identified themselves as African American and only 5% were Latino (Kimbrough-Melton, 2013). This caused a major problem for individuals to actually want to communicate with their providers. Shedding light on this concern, hope for an increase of multicultural