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Sexuality in Victorian
Victorian era sexual repression
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An 18-year-old becomes Queen, and circumstances unfold changing the way a nation and the world view sexuality. Queen Victoria’s reign prompted a turn in sexual history from the moment she took over an immoral and scandalous court to her consistent strength of character resurrecting ideals of romantic love in the wholesome context of marriage. Though many view Victoria’s as an age of silence and repression, many aspects about the Queen’s behavior exemplify a provocative freedom defining a healthy and wholesome sexuality. As some scholars are beginning to reevaluate her impact on sexuality, this paper serves to provide evidence to substantiate this claim and Queen Victoria’s continued influential effect on America’s sexual customs. Herein, you …show more content…
From Queen Victoria’s crowning until her death (1837-1901) Britain experienced a time of relative prosperity and advancement; however, the virgin queen’s rule began in a time of “scandal, hedonism, and corruption which had defined most of 18th century Europe” (Milio, McPherson, & Peltier, 1999, p. 31). Nonetheless, the historical context of the period explicates how milestones of Victorian sexuality continue to linger in America more than one hundred years later.
Historical Overview of the Victorian Period
Pre-Victoria sexuality, explicitly covered in The History of Sex documentary, was rife with promiscuity, including orgies, prostitution, sadomasochism, homosexuality, paraphilia, and every imaginable form of debauchery. When the Victorian Era began, 19th century British citizens were repulsed with those who behaved crudely, whether the vice was promiscuousness or drunkenness. The timing was perfect for a leader who embraced sex as a normal, moral and healthy. Queen Victoria’s reign of more than 63 years became synonymous with virtue, religious and political advancements, the flourishing of art and literature, and social expansions. Consequently, the era saw fertility rates soar, advancements in medicine and nutrition, and a decreased mortality rates that resulted in an epic explosion of population.
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In 2017, Joseph Severn penned a book about his own letters and memoirs, where he described modern marriages likened to “Victorian marriages” (Severn & Scott, 2017) where he admitted that he himself was domesticated with numerous children. This admission, by the fiery artist, was a shocking contradiction to his perceived reputation. Correspondingly, there are instances where Victoria herself was misunderstood and false perceptions ran rampant.
Many described Victorian women as frigid; however, Victoria herself had a penchant for intimacy that is common among many American women. Empowered with freedom of expression and an enjoyment of the male body, many modern women relate to Victoria’s sexuality. Foucault, “rather than seeing the Victorian age as a period of silence and suppression,” (Nead, 2016) he described it as “provocative and gestural; it invited engagement with and critique of its models of power and the spaces of resistance. It ignored feminism but demanded a feminist response” (Nead,
Judith R. Walkowitz is a Professor Emeritus at John Hopkins University, specializing in modern British history and women’s history. In her book City of Dreadful Delight, she explores nineteenth century England’s development of sexual politics and danger by examining the hype of Jack the Ripper and other tales of sensational nature. By investigating social and cultural history she reveals the complexity of sexuality, and its influence on the public sphere and vice versa. Victorian London had upheld traditional notions of class and gender, that is until they were challenged by forces of different institutions.
Ulrich shows a progression of change in the way that women’s sexuality was viewed in New England. First, she starts with a society that depended on “external rather internal controls” and where many New Englanders responded more to shame than guilt (Ulrich 96). The courts were used to punish sexual misconducts such as adultery with fines, whippings, or sometimes even death. There were certain behaviors that “respectable” women were expected to follow and “sexual misbehavior” resulted in a serious decline of a woman’s reputation from even just one neighbor calling her names such as whore or bawd (Ulrich 97-98). Because the love between a man and his wife was compared to the bond between Christ and the Church, female modesty was an important ideal. “Within marriage, sexual attraction promoted consort; outside marriage, it led to heinous sins” (Ulrich 108). This modesty was expected to be upheld even as death approached and is seen with the example of Mary Mansfield in 1681. Ulrich describes Mary to have five neck cloths tucked into her bosom and eleven caps covering her hair. “A good wife was to be physically attractive…but she was not to expose her beauty to every eye”. Hence, even as she died, Mary was required to conceal her sexuality and beauty. However, at the end of the seventeenth century and throughout the
Sexual regulation of women did not rise and fall with the American Empire. Rather Briggs carefully traces the transnational developments between empires and colonies that provided the foundation of future U.S. policies from the nineteenth century British Contagious Disease Acts passed by Britain to the segregated districts of American cities in the early decades of the 20th century. In
In the essay, Late Victorians written by Richard Rodriguez discusses an extremely controversial topic about homosexuality in San Francisco, California during the nineteenth century. Rodriguez begins his essay with a captivating perspective about human unhappiness as he writes, “Human unhappiness is evidence of our immortality,” (Rodriguez 121). This gripping statement conveys the meaning that happiness or forever happiness is an illusion, therefore it cannot exist in the individual's life. The main idea of the essay Late Victorians draws out numerous opinions because of the historical impact of this specific era. For example, the limitations of sexuality or thoughts about sexuality for women, and homosexuals. The reoccurring theme appears to be stereotypes of
At the beginning of the 1900s, there was a “sexual revolution” in New York City. During this time, sexual acts and desires were not hidden, but instead they were openl...
This essay will analyse whether the iconic representation of the roaring twenties with the woman's new right to sexuality, was a liberal step of progression within society or a capitalist venture to exploit a new viable market. Using Margaret Sanger's work in comparison with a survey conducted by New Girls for Old, the former a more mature look at the sexuality and ownership to a woman's body and the second a representation of girls coming of age in the sexually "free" roaring twenties. Margaret Sanger is known as "the mother of planned parenthood", and in the source she collates a collection of letters to speak of the sexual enslavement of motherhood through the fulfilment of the husbands desires. While Blanchard and Manasses of New Girls for Old suggests the historical consensus that the flapper is a figment compared to the reality where promiscuity was largely condemned.
Upon hearing the term, “The Victorian Woman,” it is likely that one’s mind conjures up an image of a good and virtuous woman whose life revolved around the domestic sphere of the home and family, and who demonstrated a complete devotion to impeccable etiquette as well as to a strong moral system. It is certainly true that during Victorian England the ideal female was invested in her role as a wife and a mother, and demonstrated moral stability and asexuality with an influence that acted as her family’s shield to the intrusions of industrial life. Yet despite the prevalence of such upstanding women in society, needless to say not all women lived up to such a high level of moral aptitude. Thus, we must beg the question, what became of the women who fell far short from such a standard? What became of the women who fell from this pedestal of the ideal Victorian woman, and by way of drunkenness, criminality, or misconduct became the negation of this Victorian ideal of femininity?
sexuality. The Victorian culture had very rigid roles for women, and their reputation was almost
To “be a lady” in Victorian times, women had to repress their “instincts,” meaning that they must not have sex. Lead by the “cult of true womanhood,” which dictated piety, purity and submissiveness in women, females were directed to become almost asexual. Women went into sexuality thinking that it was something not to be talked about, that women were not supposed to have a libido, and that the act of sexual intercourse was not something that they should enjoy.
Queen Victoria, an extremely influential matriarch and key figure in British history, ruled Great Britain for over sixty-three years and continually instilled in her citizens a strong sense of morality. Victoria attempted to virtuously navigate her country through the murky depths of religious skepticism brought about by the Enlightenment and sought for Great Britain to be a bastion of Christianity standing strong against the secular world. Although the British citizens outwardly followed Victoria’s stringent moral code and abstained from pleasure, many citizens, like Dr. Jekyll in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, began to fixate on the thought of pursuing vice, yet remained outwardly pious in order to protect their reputations
Reagin, Nancy. “Historical Analysis: Women as ‘the Sex’ During the Victorian Era.” Victorian Women: The Gender of Oppression. Pace University, n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.
Roberts, Helene E. "Marriage, Redundancy or Sin: The Painter's View of Women in the First Twenty-Five Years of Victoria's Reign." Suffer and Be Still: Women in the Victorian Age. Ed. Martha Vicinus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973.
Works Cited Abbott, Elizabeth. A. A. A History of Celibacy: From Athena to Elizabeth I, Leonardo da. Vinci, Florence, Nightingale, Gandhi, and Cher. 1st ed.
"The Victorian Era." History of Human Sexuality in Western Culture. Word Press, n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2014.
[Sati] did not occur in England, but many manifestations of the attitudes and anxieties underlying the practice did. Nineteenth-century respectability in both England and India divided women into exalted and degraded classes, not only on basis of actual or imputed sexual behavior, but also on the basis of whether that behavior was at all times controlled and supervised, pref...