Quark:
Quarks are groups of elementary particles which are the basic components of all hadrons. Quarks have some properties, like electric charge, mass, color charge and spin. There are flavors of quarks which are up quarks, down quarks, charm quarks, top quarks, strange quarks and bottom quarks. These different kinds of quarks make up protons, neutrons and baryons. And quarks also comprise mesons. Among those different kinds of quarks, up quarks and down quarks are the most common ones. Most importantly, none of those quarks can exist as a single particle, because their masses are very small. This phenomenon is called “quantum confinement” and states that quarks cannot be observed independently, only confined in hadrons.
Quark have small electric charge values, usually -1/3 or +2/3 times the elementary charge. Up, charm and top quarks have +2/3e. Down, strange, and bottom quarks have -1/3e. For example, the neutron has 0e and the proton has 1e. Two up quarks and one down quark make up a proton. Gluons force called strong nuclear force them together. Two down quarks and one up quark make up a neutron. Antiquarks have the opposite charge to their respective quark. For example, the antiquark of a down quark has a charge of +1/3e, whereas down quarks have a charge of -1/3e.
Spin a property of every elementary particle. It can
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There are 2 kinds of hadrons: baryons made up of three quarks and mesons made up of one quark and one antiquark. It has been discovered in recent years that hadrons are made up of not only three valence quarks but also made of baryons, mesons, antibaryons. . Among the particles that are classified as hadrons, protons within atomic nuclei and neutrons are stable. However, hadrons are unstable under normal conditions. For example, free neutrons decay within about 611 seconds, which is their
Physicists started to realize that stable nuclei can be converted to unstable nuclei. Through such process, they discovered that heavy nuclei can undergo nuclear fission. While testing, they added a neutron to an isotope of Uranium 235. This resulted Uranium 235 to become unstable and break down into Barium and Krypton, releasing two to three more neutrons. The breakdown of Uranium 235 is called “fission”.
In 1803 this theory was finalised and stated that (1) all matter is made up of the smallest possible particles termed atoms, (2) atoms of a given element have unique characteristics and weight, and (3) three types of atoms exist: simple (elements), compound (simple molecules), and complex (complex molecules).
An atom, by definition, is the smallest part of any substance. The atom has three main components that make it up: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and neutrons are within the nucleus in the center of the atom. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in many orbitals. These orbitals consist of many different shapes, including circular, spiral, and many others. Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. Protons and electrons both have charge of equal magnitude (i.e. 1.602x10-19 coulombs). Neutrons have a neutral charge, and they, along with protons, are the majority of mass in an atom. Electron mass, though, is negligible. When an atom has a neutral charge, it is stable.
Atoms are electrically neutral; the electrons that bear the negative charge are equal in number to the protons in the nucleus
The Higgs Boson is a subatomic particle, such as that has zero or no spin and follows the statistical description given by S. N. Bose and Einstein. The Higgs Boson theory was discovered in 1964 by a Dr. name Peter Higgs who came up with the idea of the Higgs field which keeps everything in balance and keeps electrons from flying everywhere. When the Higgs Boson theory first came out to other scientist they all thought that Mr. Higgs was crazy because they knew that gravity held everything in its place and that electrons couldn’t escape. The Higgs Boson is what gives other particles it mass because it combines them together to give them mass, but the mass isn’t just given to them they have to enter the Higgs Field. When Peter Higgs first thought of the theory everyone thought he was just saying things until he came up with an equation that solved his theory and soon every scientist started to figure out what is it, how it worked, what’s its purpose. Mr. Higgs was certain that his theory was real and that other particles got mass from the Higgs Field which is made of the Higgs Boson. The Higgs Boson was recently discovered in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at Cern, in Switzerland.
Loss can leave us with the feeling that we are no longer in control of our lives, a strong feeling of instability. We must understand our loss to cope and deal with what has happened. Jo Ann Beard the narrator and author of “The Fourth State of Matter” struggles with several losses throughout the text. She appears to deal with her instability by caring for her aged dog as if she was a sick child, when in reality Beard just wants her problems to disappear. When faced with a complication a difficult choice must be made, to do nothing in hopes the problem will resolve itself or face it head-on. When pretending the problem doesn't exist or similarly telling yourself it will go back to how it was, simply allows
While all atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, it is possible for atoms of one element to have different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes . For example, all atoms of the element carbon have 6 protons, but while most carbon atoms have 6 neutrons, some have 7 or 8. Isotopes are named by giving the name of the element followed by the sum of the neutrons and protons in the isotope's nucl...
The theory of quantum mechanics has divided the atom into a number of fundamental sub-atomic particles. Although the physicist has shown that the atom is not a solid indivisible object, he has not been able to find a particle which does possess those qualities. Talk of particles, though, is misleading because the word suggests a material object. This is not the intention for the use of the word in quantum physics. Quantum particles are, instead, representations of the actions and reactions of forces at the sub-atomic level. In fact, physicists are less concerned with the search for a material particle underlying all physical objects and more interested in explaining how nature works. Quantum theory is the means that enables the physicist to express those explanations in a scientific way.
Alpha radiation/emission - Alpha particles are the nuclei of a Helium atom 42He. Consisting of two protons and two neutrons, positively charged.
The largest and most powerful particle collider in the world, based in CERN on the border of France and Switzerland, it is a huge undertaking. It is built to assists the scientists in discovering what the Earth is made of; it also plays a crucial part in resolving many theories by scientists. It is a 27 kilometer ring with super magnets that help the particles speed along the way. Some people also argue that it’s a machine that could possibly be dangerous, because it has the capability of creating small BLACK HOLES! “One way or another, it's the world's largest machine and it will examine the universe's tiniest particles. It's the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).”
I feel personally that the discovery of the atom was an important discovery for the world. With the discovery we are now able to answer questions we never even thought to ask. We are also answering questions some people asked long ago. We can now use our vast knowledge of the atom to measure the stars and be able to tell you what the stars are made of. The atomic discovery also helped us find our periodic table of elements. The periodic table of elements is a huge scientific chart that shows important facts with the help of its formation. There was a lot of constant scientific research that went into making the periodic table of elements and what it is today.
Antimatter is exactly what the name suggests. It is the opposite of matter in which the charges associated with electrons and protons are switched. This means a proton and antiproton are attracted to each other. When they collide pane energy is produced in the form of three pions and four gamma rays.
The periodic table of elements contains one hundred eighteen elements (ptable). Each element contains extremely small particles called electrons, neutrons, and protons. Whenever an element has a differing number of neutrons than the standard element, the distinct forms of the element are called isotopes. Carbon-14 is just one isotope of carbon in our atmosphere. Fifteen isotopes of this atom actually exist, but the three kinds that occur most often are Carbon-12, Carbon-13,...
An alpha amino acid is made up of a central carbon atom, or the alpha carbon, which is linked to an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen atom, and a distinct R group, called the side chain. There are twenty different kinds of side chains that vary in shape, hydrogen-bonding capacity, chemical reactivity, charge, size, and hydrophobic character that are typically found in proteins. All proteins in all species are made up of the same set of twenty amino acids, with a few exceptions. In order to classify amino acids, the molecules are assorted in four groups on the basis of the general characteristics of their R groups. The four groups are hydrophobic amino acids with nonpolar R groups, polar amino acids with neutral R groups but the charge is not evenly distributed, positively charged amino acids with R groups that have a positive charge at physiological pH, and lastly, negatively charged amino acids with R groups that have a negative charge at physiological pH. The simplest amino acid is glycine because it has only a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. Alanine is the next simplest amino acid because it has a methyl group as its side chain. Seven of the twenty amino acids have side chains that are readily ionizable and they are able to accept or donate protons to facilitate reactions and form ionic bonds. Amino acids are typically abbreviated to a three-letter, which are typically the first three letters
In Playboy of the Western World by John M. Synge, Widow Quin is an intriguing woman under suspicion for her husbands sudden death. Widow Quin has a goal throughout the play to formulate a relationship with Christy, a mysterious Playboy of the Western World. Putting this goal in front of much else, Widow Quin uses her devious voice and manipulative characteristic in her attempt to achieve this goal. Although mistaken as sympathetic at times, Widow Quin is constantly striving for this goal; and always has personal, selfish reasons for each statement crafted. Although some audience members may think that Widow Quin is a humane and sympathetic character, Widow Quin uses her manipulative tone to sneakily pursue her goal and deviously assert the