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Historical development of the atom
Historical development of the knowledge of the atom
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I feel personally that the discovery of the atom was an important discovery for the world. With the discovery we are now able to answer questions we never even thought to ask. We are also answering questions some people asked long ago. We can now use our vast knowledge of the atom to measure the stars and be able to tell you what the stars are made of. The atomic discovery also helped us find our periodic table of elements. The periodic table of elements is a huge scientific chart that shows important facts with the help of its formation. There was a lot of constant scientific research that went into making the periodic table of elements and what it is today.
The idea of the atom started all the way back from the ancient Greece. What is sad about this is that one philosopher’s idea it was rejected by the rest of the philosophers of the time. Philosophers like Aristotle. The ancient Greeks did not have all the modern technology we have now and were not equipped to test their atomic theory. The theory they had hypothesized was if you keep dividing something, the smallest living thing had to be an atom.
The next big step in the discovery of the atom was the scientific test that proved the existence of the atom. After the discovery of the atom we had the discovery of subatomic particles. With the discovery of the subatomic particles came the research, which came from experiments that were made to find out more about the subatomic particles. This research is how we uncovered that most of the weight of an atom is from its nucleus. With the gold foil experiment, tested by Ernest Rutherford, he discovered the existence of the positively charged nucleus. He proved this when the experiment was happening, a small fraction of the photons th...
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...lieve that there really is a Higgs Boson particle. I know they have not found it yet but there is lots of evidence to prove that there is a Higgs Boson particle. We as a science community have not been using the right experiments to find the particle. There are lots of things that when put together makes proof of the missing Higgs Boson particle. I feel that it is enough proof that the particle is there we just need to find it.
Works Cited
Achenbach, Joel. "At the Heart of All Matter." National Geographic. National Geographic Magazine, Mar. 2008. Web. 26 Oct. 2012.
"The Atom." Think Quest. Oracle Education Foundation, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012.
"The LHC." CERN. European Organization for Nuclear Research, n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012.
Overbye, Dennis. "Physicits Find Elusive Particle Seen as Key to Universe." The New York Times 4 July 2012: n. pag. Web. 27 Oct. 2012.
Physicist in the 1900 first started to consider the structure of atoms. The recent discovery of J. J. Thomson of the negatively charged electron implied that a neutral atom must also contain an opposite positive charge. In 1903 Thomson had suggested that the atom was a sphere of uniform positive electrification , with electrons scattered across it like plum in an pudding. (Later known as the Plum Pudding Model)
This showed that dissolved gases were mechanically mixed with the water and weren?t mixed naturally. But in 1803 it was found that this depended on the weight of the individual particles of the gas or atoms. By assuming the particles were the same size, Dalton was able to develop the idea of atomic weights. In 1803 this theory was finalised and stated that (1) all matter is made up of the smallest possible particles termed atoms, (2) atoms of a given element have unique characteristics and weight, and (3) three types of atoms exist: simple (elements), compound (simple molecules), and complex (complex molecules).
J.J. Thompson didn’t really believe that the atom was the smallest piece to matter. So he did some experiments with running current through a glass tube with the air sucked out of it. That’s what a cathode ray tube is. It has a negative charge attached to the cathode (the metal piece farthest to the side of the tube) and the positive charge attached to the anode (the metal piece closer to the center of the tube). After running current through the cathode he realized that a stream of light was projected from the end that was being charged to the opposite and showing at the inside of the tube. He wasn’t very sure what it meant at first but then he figured it out.
physics. The work of Ernest Rutherford, H. G. J. Moseley, and Niels Bohr on atomic
The Higgs Boson is a subatomic particle, such as that has zero or no spin and follows the statistical description given by S. N. Bose and Einstein. The Higgs Boson theory was discovered in 1964 by a Dr. name Peter Higgs who came up with the idea of the Higgs field which keeps everything in balance and keeps electrons from flying everywhere. When the Higgs Boson theory first came out to other scientist they all thought that Mr. Higgs was crazy because they knew that gravity held everything in its place and that electrons couldn’t escape. The Higgs Boson is what gives other particles it mass because it combines them together to give them mass, but the mass isn’t just given to them they have to enter the Higgs Field. When Peter Higgs first thought of the theory everyone thought he was just saying things until he came up with an equation that solved his theory and soon every scientist started to figure out what is it, how it worked, what’s its purpose. Mr. Higgs was certain that his theory was real and that other particles got mass from the Higgs Field which is made of the Higgs Boson. The Higgs Boson was recently discovered in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at Cern, in Switzerland.
There is now strong evidence pointing towards the existence of dark matter in the universe, derived from a variety of precision measurements; it is now believed that the universe is made up of roughly 5% baryonic matter, 25% dark matter and 70% dark energy (Ade, et al., 2013). Evidence exists to suggest that the dark matter cannot be made up of normal baryonic matter (Weiss, 2006) (Raine & Thomas, 2001) and it is in the investigation of the non-baryonic components that cosmology turns to particle physics. The study of elementary particle physics can provide clues as to what this non-baryonic matter could be made up of, with current possibilities being: neutrinos with mass, weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), axions and magnetic monopoles. These are all primeval and interact weakly with baryonic matter. I will now discuss each of these.
There are many different theories about the creation of the world. The two that rival each other are the religious versions and the scientific version. The quote “They say that every atom in our bodies was once a part of a star”, by Carl Sagan an astronomer, supports the scientific theory, which is being accepted as true more and more each day. What the quote tells us is that Carl Sagan believed in the Big Bang theory and the theory of evolution.
The Atomic Theory began in roughly 400BC with Democritus in Ancient Greece and is universally believed to be correct today. Democritus who was born in 460 BC and died 370 BC and is known as the father of modern science. Democritus proclaimed that everything is made up of atoms. He continued his theory to say that atoms will always be in motion, between atoms there is empty space, atoms are unbreakable, there are an infinite number of atoms all different sizes and shapes. He also said that iron atoms are solid and strong and have hooks to lock them together, water atoms are smooth and slippery, salt atoms have sharp jagged edges because of its taste and air atoms are light and spiralling.
... of the fuss about the validity of string theory and the difficulty in proving it, there are many promising implications and applications of string theory –– among the most interesting is the possibility of higher universes and worm hole travel. String theory is also very mathematically sound, which makes it very likely that at least parts of it are valid and true. Though the fundamental part of string theory is vastly different than anything else in physics, the behavior and nature of objects larger than strings stays the same and that is what makes string theory so unobtrusive and perhaps welcome in the physics community. Despite its acceptance, string theory should also be known as a radical idea that unifies the universe’s matter and forces, explains the big bang and higher universes, and finally completes the quest for unification that is so pursued in physics.
Things are very different from each other, and can be broken down into small groups inside itself, which was then noticed early by people, and Greek thinkers, about 400BC. Which just happened to use words like "element', and `atom' to describe the many different parts and even the smallest parts of matter. These ideas were around for over 2000 years while ideas such as `Elements' of Earth, Fire, Air, and Water to explain `world stuff' came and went. Much later, Boyle, an experimenter like Galileo and Bacon, was influenced much by Democritus, Gassendi, and Descartes, which lent much important weight to the atomic theory of matter in the 1600s. Although it was Lavoisier who had divided the very few elements known in the 1700's into four different classes, and then John Dalton made atoms even more believable, telling everyone that the mass of an atom was it's most important property. Then in the early 1800's Dobereiner noted that the similar elements often had relative atomic masses, and DeChancourtois made a cylindrical table of elements to display the periodic reoccurrence of properties. Cannizaro then determined atomic weights for the 60 or so elements known in the 1860s, and then a table was arranged by Newlands, with the many elements given a serial number in order of their atomic weights, of course beginning with Hydrogen. That made it clear that "the eighth element, starting from a given one, is a kind of a repeat of the first", which Newlands called the Law of Octaves.
The largest and most powerful particle collider in the world, based in CERN on the border of France and Switzerland, it is a huge undertaking. It is built to assists the scientists in discovering what the Earth is made of; it also plays a crucial part in resolving many theories by scientists. It is a 27 kilometer ring with super magnets that help the particles speed along the way. Some people also argue that it’s a machine that could possibly be dangerous, because it has the capability of creating small BLACK HOLES! “One way or another, it's the world's largest machine and it will examine the universe's tiniest particles. It's the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).”
They were assuming that the electrons contributed a good fraction of the atom's mass.) Rutherford's alpha scattering experiments were the first experiments in which individual particles were systematically scattered and detected. This is now the standard operating procedure of particle physics. Rutherford's partner in the initial phase of this work was Hans Geiger, who later developed the Geiger counter to detect and count fast particles. The experiment was conducted, as is shown below. Alpha particles were fired from a source (from within a lead "shield") at a sheet of thin gold foil (which had been beaten to about 400 atoms thick.
Atoms makeup our whole world, which is why there are such an important thing. Atoms have 3 main subatomic particles. These include electrons, neutrons and protons. Electrons have a negative charge and are located on the outside of a nucleus. The electron has a mass of 0 amu. Neutrons have a neutral charge and are located inside the nucleus. They have a mass of 1 amu. Protons have a positive charge and are too located inside the nucleus. Protons have a mass of 1 amu.
Science affects the world in many different ways. With the technologies that have been discovered we can now tell how warm or cold it will be for the next week, we will know when a tornado, hurricane, eruption or any other sorts of natural disasters will occur before they actually happen. This also helps out all communities. My family loves to travel, and if airplanes weren’t invented we wouldn’t be able to go to many places. We also need microwaves, stoves and ovens in order for us to eat supper, and fridges and freezers for us to keep our food in. We also enjoy watching television and movies, and I love talking on the telephone and listening to music. Without science none of these things would be possible.
Scientists from earlier times helped influence the discoveries that lead to the development of atomic energy. In the late 1800’s, Dalton created the Atomic Theory which explains atoms, elements and compounds (Henderson 1). This was important to the study of and understanding of atoms to future scientists. The Atomic Theory was a list of scientific laws regarding atoms and their potential abilities. Roentagen, used Dalton’s findings and discovered x-rays which could pass through solid objects (Henderson 1). Although he did not discover radiation from the x-rays, he did help lay the foundations for electromagnetic waves. Shortly after Roentagen’s findings, J.J. Thompson discovered the electron which was responsible for defining the atom’s characteristics (Henderson 2). The electron helped scientists uncover why an atom responds to reactions the way it does and how it received its “personality”. Dalton’s, Roentagen’s and Thompson’s findings helped guide other scientists to discovering the uses of atomic energy and reactions. Such applications were discovered in the early 1900’s by using Einstein’s equation, which stated that if a chain reaction occurred, cheap, reliable energy could b...