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The strength and weakness of qualitative methods
Qualitative and quantitative research methods
Qualitative and quantitative research methods
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3.1 Introduction. The rationale for our adoption of the qualitative method of data collection – the main method being the interview, backed by study of documentation and policies is based on the interactions (Blumer, 1969) premise that when the aim of the research is to understand a complex process where those involved have different perspectives on the matter in question, it makes sense to adopt a research strategy which allows these perspectives to be understood in the same terms in which the participants understand them. In this study, this approach would result in the production of a comprehensive analysis of the processes and thinking which lie behind the activities involved in the budget and innovation Therefore the research methodology followed was qualitative. The qualitative methodology will be able to capture and measure through the research questions. The measurement will be done through data which will be collected in the form of document, words, transcripts and observation. The objective of the study is to answer the research questions rather than tests or formulate hypothesis. The measurements will be in terms of transcripts from interview and the theory was not inclusive, therefore this will allow the analysis to be extracted from the themes of evidence collected via interviews to be presented as consistent. Therefore explaining why qualitative research methodology was chosen. As mentioned above, will be using the qualitative data analysis, in which would be conducting interviews with managers. The interview data would need to be transcribed, documented and collated. A detailed written description would be prepared for each interview by reference to the interview themes outlined. 3.2 Research questions/Hypotheses:... ... middle of paper ... ...to all participants to ensure that their comments were accurately captured. Validity All the required steps will be undertaken to ensure that all the measurements are valid. The steps that will be followed will be disclosed. 3.8 Ethical considerations The motives of the research would honest. The first would be how the data is collected and recorded during interviews. Would ensure that information is ethical collected and to ensure the results represent what has been gathered. Also the interviewee’ is protected at all times. 3.9 Conclusion To address the research questions, an in depth analysis would be undertaken of the Eskom budget procedures and innovation processes, state owned company and leading player in electricity provision in the energy sector. The methodology is dictated by lack of prior research into the relationship between innovation and budget.
In response to the question set, I will go into detail of the study, consisting of the background, main hypotheses, as well the aims, procedure and results gathered from the study; explaining the four research methods chosen to investigate, furthering into the three methods actually tested.
The purpose of research interviews is to explore the views, beliefs, and motives of individuals on a specific matter for example factors that influence their daily life. They also provide a clear understanding of social issues and an insight that is required from the participant (British dental journal, 2008).The many types of research interview in qualitative research namely are the structured, semi-structured, unstructured and in-depth interview. I will explain them further since they can be used to explore
Introduction Qualitative and quantitative research methods are typically applied in the field of social research. There has been a lot of debate on the relative advantages between the two designs among researchers, almost more than on any other issue of methodology. Quantitative research design encompasses methods which focus on numbers, that is, quantities. The data collected in this design is usually in numbers, which are then analyzed using statistical and mechanical methods. This design is highly associated with the field of science, such as in practical work done in a laboratory (Gall et al. 2003).
This paper aims to provide the best practice to implement effectively one of the most common methods of data collection: the in depth interview. Having already discussed the diversity of research methods to collect data, given the nature and insights of the in depth interview in the previous part (In depth interview: An important method of qualitative data collection), this guideline focuses on evolving a practical consideration in preparing, implementing and applying the in depth interview method.
The data collected will be analysed and interpreted. The summary of the findings, suggestions and the conclusion will be given in the report.
There are two kinds of research design, which are “Qualitative Research” and “Quantitative Research”. The purpose of the Quantitative Approach is to measure situation by examining numeri-cal information, on the other hand, Qualitative Approach purposes to examine the sample by ana-lyzing literal information. To illustrate information in depth as well as investigate sophisticated is-sues, Qualitative approach is more suitable and useful
There are various research methods that already been discussed in the methodology of research techniques. This dissection required mostly qualitative method to meet its objectives.
In conclusion, as seen from above, the three main purposes of research were identified and discussed which are exploration, description, and explanation. Before doing any kind of social research, it is very imperative to understand what research is and how it works. The four units of analysis which include individuals, groups, organisations, and social interactions were looked into. This basically shows that there are no boundaries as to whom or what can be studied. Followed was then the ecological fallacy and reductionism. Then the structure of the research proposal was outlined mainly because there are specific ways of doing research. The elements of the research project were put forward and lastly the interrelated processes of conceptualisation, operationalisation, and measurement were identified.
Qualitative analysis uses a cause-of-effects approach to explain its outcomes in which qualitative scholars start with the outcome then look at the causes. Where there are holes in scientific research in which scientists cannot use their theories to explain individual events, qualitative analysis fills the void. However, quantitative analysis focuses on effects-of-causes by looking at the variables and coming to a conclusion. Both qualitative and quantitative intellectuals rephrase research questions to fit their certain criteria to solve, however the way these two methods are approached cause misunderstanding between the two. However, the authors believe that these two methods complement each other and can help further understand a topic if they both are employed. This leads to the possibly of mixed-method
Generally, the social world is not governed by regularities that hold law-like properties in which natural science methods are inappropriate for social investigation. Instead, it is much desirable for researchers to collect data with their own sense and explore the social world through the participants’ perspectives. Qualitative research is largely associated with interpretivism. In practice, researchers might be uncertain about the realised reality (Schutt, 2006) as they tend to interpret issues in different meanings. Interpretive approach here allows a greater scope to address issues of influence and impact. Meanwhile, questions such as ‘how’ and ‘why’ particular technological trajectories are created (Deetz,
SURVEY METHOD was used to collect the data as it yields a broader range of information. A questionnaire was given to each respondent and was asked to fill it. Data collected was “primary data” i.e. the first hand response of the respondents. The methodology used for carrying out the survey was personal interviews with the help of administered questionnaire.
In conclusion, it can be said that from this study apparently quantitative and qualitative methods of research are distinct and operate in different ways from each other. The major distinction among the two is the fact that qualitative methods present data as explanations, while quantitative methods give out data as numbers. Although, it can be accounted that each of these methods work best when added with any aspect of the other.
Research which is also known as the search for knowledge is an art of scientific search for specific information. According to Clifford Woody, the research includes defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis and suggested solutions, collecting, organising and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching conclusion and further testing whether the conclusion will fit into formulating hypothesis. Research Methodology is a scientific and systematic way of finding solution to a problem. In this research, researcher has studied various steps for research like problem along with the logic behind them. For this study, researcher must know various research techniques like mean, mode,
The study will be inductive in nature. Unlike the deductive approach, the inductive approach involves the researcher generating theories, concepts and themes form the retrieved data. In other words, the researcher will have to look for the specific prototypes and patterns from the data collected and hence come up with their explanations. Basing on this philosophical approach, it is difficult to develop hypotheses at the start of the research. Thus, it is only through the pattern regularities between variables that the researcher can be able to generate theory and hence, make conclusions. The inductive approach is always associated with qualitative methods. Hence, qualitative methods will be at play in the study. The qualitative research approach
Data sources can come from interview, participant observation, documents, artefacts. There are four main ways of collecting qualitative data such as interviews, focus group, observation and action research (University of Surrey, 2017). Among those, interview is considered to be more convenient. The interview is better when carried in fairly informal way in which participants have the equal right in the discussion, and the purpose is to collect stories for analysis not answer. In order to have a good conversation, interviewer should know their role, be confident, maintain motivation and well prepare beforehand. Interview can be in various forms from unstructured, semi structured to structured. Structured interview is similar to questionnaires with prepared questions and order, ready-made answer options and open questions. Semi-structured interview includes scope, specific reactions, deep and personal context, experience. It can be open questions on a specific topic, broad questions under investigation. Unstructured interview requires few informants, investigation of history, background in different cases. The discussion can have limited number of topics but great details. Qualitative interview requires careful consideration and planning. (University of Surrey,