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The next section will discuss the impact of public housing policy in terms of 1) affordability 2) housing consumption efficiency and 3) social stability.
3 AFFORDABILITY OF SINGAPORE PUBLIC HOUSING
Firstly, the Government has been successful in providing affordable public housing to the Singaporean. The affordability of the public housing is maintained as a result of several key policies of the Government such as 1) below market pricing for new flat 2) concessionary loans and financing from Central Provident Fund (CPF) and 3) sufficient land to build new flats through Land Acquisition Act (HDB, 2014). Since 1960s, the Government has adopted a market based approach which new HDB flats are priced in reference to and at discount from the market
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Thakur, Pooja. 2014. Singapore’s Soaring Land Prices ‘Suicidal’ for Developers . February 20. Accessed March 4, 2014. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-19/singapore-s-soaring-land-prices-suicidal-for-developers.html.
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Wah, Tan Meng. 2013. Public Housing Pricing: Looking Beyond Just Affordability. Singapore: Institute of Policy Studies.
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The housing market is very unique as unlike other goods and services, houses have permanence, it is a fixed location good causing the rules of supply and demand to be taken to new extremes. In the case of the Toronto housing market we can view in almost real time the role supply and demand play on he ever increasing house prices, additionally the fundamental economic issue of scarcity is made extremely apparent by the limited size of the city of Toronto.
In the Late nineteenth century the population was growing at a rapid pace. The country had people flooding the biggest cities in the country such as New York City and Chicago. These populations were gaining more and more people every single year and the country has to do something to make places for these people to live. The government would go on to create urban housing programs. These programs were created to make homes for these people to live in. At the time it provided a place for people to live but as the populations grew it became a more cramped and rundown area because of the large populations in one place. These reforms eventually led to these areas becoming dangerous, they were rundown, and it created a hole that was difficult for people to get out of.
The lack of available social housing is mainly due to stock levels steadily diminishing each year since 1980, after tenants bought nearly half-a-million council houses under the ‘Right to Buy’ scheme. This coupled with the decline in house building; which is currently at its lowest level since 1946, has brought about a shameful lack of affordable public housing (Turffrey, 2010).
Housing Affordability in Australia has become the focus point for urban planners in recent years. In particular, South East Queensland (SEQ) has experienced significant pressure as the demand for property and affordable dwellings increases and population growth in the region continues. The issue has come to the forefront in discussions for local governments in the region and there is a real need to address the problem of housing affordability. The subject of affordability is complex and is contributed to by a number of factors including the impost created by Council processes, which is the scope of the HAF-T5 Project.
The housing affordability crisis has been slowly developing over decades. This implies that young households – in particular young families who want to get their feet on the owner-occupied housing ladder, are hardest hit by the crisis. (Housing Supply Working Group) It is clear, historically, that even with significant private sector rental development, there will always be a need for some government role in assisting low-income households with housing affordability and other income problems. The impact of lack in rental supply and the consequent upward the pressure on rents is pressuring on all levels of government for assistance to low income households so that they can afford suitable and adequate housing. And the household formation will be delayed as young people are unable to find affordable rental accommodation if the shortfall units of rental housings keep remaining. (Housing Supply Working
1. Write a summary of your policy issue that includes the policy or policy issue. (5pts)
Mui, Y. (2013, January 29). Housing emerges as economic bright spot after years in the
As with most major metropolitan areas urban sprawl has become an issue with Irvine, California being no exception. Byproducts of sprawl include an increase in jobs, increases in population density, increased traffic, and increased housing costs. I selected the affordable housing policies of the City of Irvine in my paper. Due to the high cost of housing in Irvine, the city has faced lawsuits and other challenges in providing housing for low income earners.
Affordable and stable housing has been linked with improving health, education and economic outcomes for families and children. Many studies show that stable housing is both a foundation for well-being as well as a platform for connecting people to services and resources that include quality health care centers and schools and other facilities. When housing is stable and affordable, families can spend more time and resources on medical care, nutritious food and the like. Homeownership increases housing security to families: it gives more control to owners over their physical surroundings, lowers real monthly payments over time, protects against unanticipated changes in rental costs, and helps build wealth. Homeownership also provides a ready mechanism for families to borrow money and get credit to improve their home, make purchases or invest in education or the financial markets. It is also argued that these benefits are available to all homeowners regardless of economic status.
Compare and contrast the ways in which housing inequalities are discussed from the perspectives of social policy and criminology, and economics (TMA 02)
This paper will be predominantly focusing on public housing within Ontario. Not only will it look at the basics of Ontario but examine more directly on Regent Park within Toronto. It will discuss what public housing is and the explanation for why it exists, the government housing programs that are present with regards to public housing and the results of the government programs. The Purpose of this essay is to argue that the problem of public housing will never
Janus Corporate Solutions. (2011) Introduction to Singapore’s economy. Guide me Singapore. Retrieved April 4, 2011 from http://www.guidemesingapore.com/relocation/introduction/singapores-economy
Shatkin, G. (January 01, 2014). Reinterpreting the Meaning of the ‘Singapore Model’: State Capitalism and Urban Planning. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38, 1, 116-137.
Demand and supply forces have the major impact in the industry as they determine growth or decline in the market (Seldin & Richard 1985). Owner, renter and user are on demand side of the market that is they are consumers. Developers, financiers and renovators are suppliers (Acton et al 1999). Unlike commodities market demand and supply forces do not float easily. This is because of the uniqueness of this market. Real market industry has these unique characteristics, durability of products as buildings can last for decades or centuries. Each product (house) is unique in terms of buildings, location, and financing thus market has heterogeneous products (Acton et al 1999). Transaction costs are high and the process is usually long. Though there are mobile homes, but the land underneath is till immobile, real estate is an immovable asset (Acton et al 1999).
In addition, after the 2011 Singapore general election, the government of Singapore has greatly changed its economic approach and it seems to be better for the economy of Singapore so far. On the other hand, measures have also been taken to cool down the property market which has constantly affected inflation rates, also tightened the foreign labour policies that constantly influence the labour market and unfold its impacts onto the Singapore’s economy as it comes back in one round. The unemployment rate in Singapore has been maintaining itself as being one of the lowest numbers in the world. The majority of Singapore’s labour force is well educated and highly skilled. Even primary education is a must for all citizens (Economywatch.com, 2010). In addition, for the year 2010, Singapore had the 8th largest current account balance in the world at US$49.454 billion. To conclude, Singapore has come so far from its sunken economy since independence in 1965 to become a booming and prosperous economy that it is