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Association 2013 p 645 narcissistic personality disorder
Association 2013 p 645 narcissistic personality disorder
Family relationships on child's development
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Running Header: PSYCHOTIC DEPRESSION AND SELF PSYCHOLOGY
SOWK 644
Psychotic Depression and Self Psychology
University of Southern California
Mia Ancrum
Professor Creager
Abstract This paper will discuss Psychotic depression and how the Self Psychology theory works to combat symptoms of depression. The reader will be able to identify if Self Psychology works in integrated care systems, as well as the neurobiological impact of Depression. Lastly, the diversity of Self Psychology will be addressed. Overall, the reader should understand different facets of Self Psychology and Depression.
Psychotic Depression
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CBT is a compelling combination of?talk therapy?and behavioral therapy. CBT is a psychotherapy?in which patients transform?negative thinking patterns into positive thoughts. The belief is changing one's thoughts will ultimately result in a positive change in their actions and behaviors (Goodtherapy n.d). The CBT styled approach will focus directly on the client?s relationship with their parent the first couple of sessions will be about the earliest memories of interactions with their parent. The practitioner will ask the client how did their relationship with their parents make them feel was it a healthy relationship or would they have liked to make changes to their relationship? During the sessions, the practitioner will relate and or explain self-psychology?s tripolar poles from the information given to them by the client (if they apply). The purpose is to see if the client relates their childhood experiences with their early development as a child and interactions they had with their parents; to why they may have specific negative thoughts that contribute to their depression. Once they can identify the memories that affected them, they can begin to work on self-healing/soothing, by utilizing support groups, try solution-focused brief therapy, or …show more content…
(2014). Five things you didn't know about healthy narcissism. Huffington Post.?Retrieved from?HTTP://www.huffingtonpost.com/Elizabeth-lunbeck/5-things-you-didn't-know-a_2_b_5107392.html McLean, J. (2007). Psychotherapy with a narcissistic patient using Kohut?s self-psychology model.?Psychiatry, 4(10), 40-47.?
Meyer JH, Wilson AA, Sagrati S, Miler L, Rusjan P, Bloomfield PM, Clark M, Sacher J, Voineskos AN, Houle S (2009) Brain monoamine oxidase A binding in major depressive disorder: relationship to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment, recovery, and recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66:1304?1312 Mitchell, S.A., & Black, M.J. (1995).?Freud and beyond: A history of modern psychoanalytic thought.?New York: Basic Books.?
National Institute of Mental Health, Depression: Http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml Ou XM, Chen K, Shih JC (2006) Monoamine oxidase A and repressor R1 are involved in apoptotic signaling pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:10923?10928 Saura J, Kettler R, Da Prada M, Richards JG (1992) Quantitative enzyme radioautography with 3H-Ro 41-1049 and 3H-Ro 19-6327 in vitro: localization and abundance of MAO-A and MAO-B in rat CNS, peripheral organs, and human brain. J Neurosci
While CBT has many advantages, it alone does not encompass all of the concepts I believe are necessary to tackle a client’s needs. Therefore, I draw upon concepts from various theories to assist clients in achieving their goals. Pulling from Reality therapy, a key concept I utilize is focusing on what the client is doing and how to get them to evaluate whether they’re present actions are working for them. CBT does use some form of this in the sense that one must examine and establish their cognitive misconceptions; however, I prefer to extract this concept from Reality therapy because CBT tends to do so by focusing on the past. I am a firm believer that while the past can shape who you are, it does little good to remain focused on it. Focusing on overt behavior, precision in specifying the goals of treatment, development of specific treatment plans, and objective evaluation of therapy outcomes all come from Behavior therapy (Corey, 2013, p. 474). Behavior therapy is highly structured much like that of CBT. By utilizing this aspect of Behavior therapy, I am better able to closely observe where a client is currently and where they are headed. Lastly, I pull from Person-Centered therapy as the final key concept of my counseling approach. PCT focuses on the fact that client’s have the potential to become aware of their problems and resolve them (Corey, 2013). This Person-Centered therapy concept has overlap with CBT as
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a hands-on form of psychotherapy that is empirically based, which focuses on the interrelationship between emotions, behaviors, and thoughts. Through CBT, patients are able to identify their distorted thinking and modify their beliefs in order to change their behaviors. Once a patient changes their distorted thinking, they are able to think in a more positive and realistic manner. Overall, CBT focuses on consistent problem solving strategies and changing negative thought distortions and negative behavior. There are different types of CBT, which share common elements. Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a kind of CBT, which falls under the umbrella of CBT.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a short-term, goal-oriented therapy treatment that takes a hands-on, approach to problem-solving. The core foundation of this treatment approach, as pioneered by Beck (1970) and Ellis (1962),
Of the chemical neurotransmitter substances, serotonin is perhaps the most implicated in the treatment of various disorders, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, stroke, obesity, pain, hypertension, vascular disorders, migraine, and nausea. A major factor in the understanding of the role of 5-HT in these disorders is the recent rapid advance made i...
Depression has many degrees of severity from a passing feeling to a serious illness, which destroys lives and relationships. Major depressive disorder is the most severe form of depression. It is extreme and persistent, rendering the patient inconsolable and helpless (1). Depressed patients often cannot continue working and have difficulty dealing with family and friends. Other symptoms of major depression are deep despair, misery, irritability, low self-esteem, suicidal thoughts, change in eating and sleeping habits, fatigue and inability to concentrate. Other mental illnesses, such as anxiety and alcoholism are also associated with major depression (2). While serious depressive episodes are important to our understanding of mental health, chronic depression is terribly widespread and often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Dysthymia is a disorder which has similar, but milder and much longer lasting, symptoms to depression (3). By understanding the characteristics of dysthymia, health professionals can identify a chronic mental illness before it manifests into more serious psychological problems, such as severe depression. Dysthymia is also an interesting disorder from the neurobiological perspective because it is often difficult to discern from other personality disorders, such as a depressed or gloomy personality. This paper explores depression and dysthymia, their symptoms and therapies. In addition, personalities which are depressed will be analyzed and compared to depression and dysthymia. Do all three afflictions stem from the same genetic or environmental causes, and mechanistic origins? Are they all responsive to the same treatment? This comparison will address the difficulty in dis...
Depression is a chronic, cognitive illness characterized by a prolonged state of melancholy coupled with helplessness and continued pessimism. This illness is initiated by numerous situations including traumatic experience or simply a valuable loss, causing neurological, emotional and physical changes. Depressive patients are unable to continue life as normal due to constant fear of the future mirroring past experiences. Research and investigation are constantly conducted in this area of health and there are many avenues of treatment provided by health professionals today.
Approximately 5% of the United States' population experiences a depressive episode that requires psychopharmacological treatment; in any one year, 10-12 million Americans are affected by depression, with the condition twice as common in females than in males. It has been estimated that 15% of patients hospitalized for depression will commit suicide. These figures are incredible, so finding the root of the problem when it comes to depression is extremely important. "Alterations in serotonin metabolism may be an important factor in the etiology and treatment of depression." (7).
Oxidative stress is critical as it is extensively related to human diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, diabetes, cataract, aging and cancer (Zhao and Zha...
Depression supplies a distinct depiction of the brain equals behavior theory. The physiological characteristics that taint the diseased brain directly impact the thoughts and behaviors of the millions of sufferers. The genesis of this dehabilitating problem is both mysterious and complicated and I am not offering any sort of revelation in stating that it is a multi-factorial manifestation involving both biological and environmental components. The end product of these variable factors do, however, provide some common biochemical alterations in the brain that lend insight into understanding the reality and possible treatment of the disease.
In it's simplest form, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (or CBT as it will be referred to from here on out), refers to the approach of changing dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts to realistic and healthy ones. CBT encompasses several types of therapy focusing on the impact of an individual's thinking as it relates to expressed behaviors. Such models include rational emotive therapy (RET), rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), behavior therapy (BT), Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT), Schema Focused Therapy, Cognitive therapy (CT). Most recently a few other variations have been linked to CBT such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) (Harrington and Pickles, 2009). The main aspect that all of these branches of therapy share, is that our thoughts relate to our external behaviors. External events and individuals do not cause the negative thoughts or feelings, but, instead the perception of events and situations is the root cause (National Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapists, 2010).
Cognitive behavioral therapy commonly known as CBT is a systematic process by which we learn to change our negative thoughts into more positive ones. CBT is a combination of two types of therapy, Cognitive Therapy and Behavioral Therapy. Cognition is our thoughts, so cognitive behavioral therapy combines working with our thought process and changing our behavior at the same time. Cognitive behavioral therapists believe that our behavior and our feelings are influenced by the way we think; also our mood is affected by our behavior and thought process. So CBT tries to tackle our thoughts, feelings and behavior. Scientific research has shown that cognitive behavioral therapy is affective for a wide range of mental health problems. The purpose is to bring positive change by alleviating emotional distress such as depression. CBT starts by breaking down your problems into smaller components, often trying to identify particular problematic thoughts or behavior. Once these problems are broken down it is then suggested a straightforward plan in which the patient and therapist can intervene to promote recovery.
Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy (CBT) emphasizes on modifying parent’s behavior and improving communication skills. According to Nichols (2013), “Consequences that accelerate behavior are reinforcers; those that decelerate behavior are punishers” (p. 186). For example, Gladys’ behavior will be regulated by using reinforcements or punishment.
Han L, Nielsen D, Rosenthal N, Jefferson K, Kaye W, Murphy D, Altemus M, Humphries J, Cassano G, Rotondo A, Virkkunen M, Linnoila M, & Goldman D. No coding varient of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene detected in seasonal affective disoder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, and alcoholism. Biological Psychiatry. 1999:45:615-619.
Various data have shown that ROS were involved in the modulation of cell redox state, and redox regulation of protein functions is now accepted as an additional regulatory mechanism of normal cell physiology (Veal et al., 2007). However, excessive production of ROS may lead to oxidative stress, loss of cell function, and cell death by apoptosis or necrosis (Nose, 2000). Excess levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can attack biological molecules such as DNA, protein and phospholipids which led to increase of lipid peroxidation and depletion of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, atalase and glutathione peroxidase) (Sies,1985). PT induced testicular toxicity in rats; this may be due to its oxidative stress. Recent research has revealed that phototherapy is a photodynamic stress. PT can induce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, In the study carried out by Ali Aycicek and Ozcan Erel .they showed that vitamin C levels and uric acid, which are well known antioxidants, were significantly lower after phototherapy than before it; in contrast, TOS (total oxidant status), lipidhydroperoxide and OSI (oxidative stress index) levels were significantly higher after phototherapy than before
Freud, Sigmund. An Outline of Psycho-Analysis. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1969.