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How has psychological research developed to understand criminal behaviour
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Exercising Aspects of Psychoanalytic Theory to Illuminate the Crime of Stalking
Research has indicated that the Psychoanalytic Theory plays a vast role in understanding the criminal behavior of stalking. When an individual does not bond with a caretaker/parent in the early childhood years, we tend to see the behavior roll over into adolescence and adulthood. There are several unanswered questions when reviewing our nation’s and/or states history of stalking. For research and time constraints this paper will focus mainly on the State of North Carolina. Per the North Carolina General Assembly (14-277.3A), they state that “stalking is a very serious problem in our state and nationwide”. “Stalking involves severe intrusions on the victim's personal privacy and autonomy. It is a crime that causes a long-lasting impact on the victim's quality of life and creates risks to the security and safety of the victim and others, even in the absence of express threats of physical harm. Stalking conduct often becomes increasingly violent over time”, (NCGA, p.1). The Psychoanalytic Theory is inclined to clarify a long behavioral history of stalking. There are numerous
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When applying the theories of Psychology to this crime it becomes well-defined throughout the research and shows an inevitable relationship. “According to Kate Friedlnader (1947), classical Freudian psychoanalytic explanations of delinquency focus on abnormalities or disturbances in the individual’s emotional development from early childhood”, (Akers, Sellers, and Jennings, p. 68). This theory deals with a true method of investigating and treating multiple personality disorders. Also, included in this theory is the idea that things that happen to people during childhood can contribute to the way they later function as
The present paper intent to enquire into a female serial killer. It shall describe and analyze the theories behind the occurrences and sequent offer explanations. The studies of criminology theories it is important to recognize why humans decide on living a life cycle of crime. Wikipedia.org defines serial killer as, “a person who murders three or more people, usually in service of abnormal psychological gratification, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant break (a “cooling off period”) between them.” Precisely of this, humans who tend to be a serial killer are prone to developmental and physical characteristics. Several of these trends could fit into a model standard of a crime. A good example of analyzing the life and crimes of Aileen Wuornos, an American female serial killer who killed
Logan, T., & Walker, R. (2010). Toward a deeper understanding of the harms caused by partner stalking. Violence and Victims, 25(4), 440-453. doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.25.4.440
The psychoanalytic lens utilizes Freudian theories on psychology. The theories explore the unconscious and how people are motivated by their fears, desires, dreams, and necessities. It investigates the subconscious to discover how minds are influenced by the world around them. When looking through this lens, character's’ subconscious are divided into their uncontrolled desires,realistic desires,and personalities.When looking at Of Mice and Men through a psychoanalytic lens, Steinbeck reinforces the significance of a healthy companionship built on trust and loyalty in a society where loneliness renders shortcomings, thus proving that human nature implements the necessity of nurturing one another.
They believe that the survivor is also in love with them. The stalker sees the survivor as their most ideal partner and even any negative feedback or unwilling behavior seems like love from the survivor. The stalker sees his/her stalking time as an investment time of love for the survivor. The personality characteristics associated with this stalker type are shy and usually have no intimate relationships. The survivor maybe someone they know or just ant stranger. The stalking behaviors are loving and shows a lot of attention. Their behavior may turn violent if they keep being rejected. This stalker will get jealous if the survivor is in a relationship. Its very hard to stop this stalker type from stalking. They view all legal notices as challenges and obstacles that they need to cross and get to their love the
“Stalking is conservatively defined as "a course of conduct directed at a specific person that involves repeated (two or more occasions) visual or physical proximity, nonconsensual communication, or verbal, written, or implied threats, or a combination thereof, that would cause a reasonable person fear." [1] Stalking behaviors also may include persistent patterns of leaving or sending the victim unwanted items or presents that may range from seemingly romantic to bizarre, following or laying in wait for the victim, damaging or threatening to damage the victim's property, defaming the victim's character, or harassing the victim via the Internet by posting personal information o...
Stalker or stalking has been further classified based on typology established by Paul Mullen, Teresa Flower and Rosemary Purcell. It is based on the context in which stalking arose and stalkers initial impetus for containing the victim. There are five types of a stalker: the rejected, resentful, intimacy-seeking, incompetent and the predator . The two precarious of all are rejected and predator stalkers.
In the case of stalking, which is relatively new in the research arena and thus has a limited evidence base to inform practice, SPJ appears to be the most appropriate as only a detailed and flexible risk assessment process that takes into account the different forms of potential damage can provide a basis for management that reduces the potential harm to the victim and the stalker both (Mullen et al, 2006). Further research into stalking risk factors and comprehensive assessment tools will aid the development of more accurate and detailed procedures specific to the assessment of risk in stalking.
This type of stalking can lead to domestic violence. The perpetrator is usually trying to seek revenge because he/she feels betrayed by the victim (forms of stalking, 2014). The perpetrator is usually trying to seek revenge on the victim because he/she might have broken his/ her heart. The perpetrator is, in most cases, male and has had a previous relationship with the victim. He/she is obsessed with mending the relationship between them, and trying to seek revenge (about stalkers, 2014).
Psychoanalysis You are trying to suppress your hidden cravings for violence and sex by sublimating your energy into random thoughts, although some unconscious "id" needs are being shown - after all, a carrot is a phallic symbol. In the first part of this paper I shall summarise the concepts of Psychoanalysis and Behaviour theories, as in my view theory in itself is an argument for a concept. Theory is a collection of propositions to illustrate principles of a subject (Oxford Dictionary, 1976). Secondly, this paper explores similarities concerning the theories, eventually leading to a conclusion concerning their significance in today's therapeutic arena. Freud's Psychoanalytic Model:-.
Intimate partner stalkers are typically known as the guy who "just can’t let go." These are most often men who refuse to believe that a relationship has really ended. Often, other people - even the victims - feel sorry for them. But they shouldn’t. Studies show that the vast majority of these stalkers are not sympathetic, lonely people who are still hopelessly in love, but were in fact emotionally abusive and controlling during the relationship. Many have criminal histories unrelated to stalking. Well over half of stalkers fall into this "former intimate partner" category.
Psychodynamic therapy, focuses on unconscious mind and how past experiences, inner thoughts, fears, and emotions The main goal of psychodynamic therapy is for clients to be self-aware of the past and how it effects who they are in the present. This type of therapy focuses on the underlying problems and emotions that influenced the client’s behavior. (Psych Central, 2016)
Sigmund Freud created strong theories in science and medicine that are still studied today. Freud was a neurologist who proposed many distinctive theories in psychiatry, all based upon the method of psychoanalysis. Some of his key concepts include the ego/superego/id, free association, trauma/fantasy, dream interpretation, and jokes and the unconscious. “Freud remained a determinist throughout his life, believing that all vital phenomena, including psychological phenomena like thoughts, feelings and phantasies, are rigidly determined by the principle of cause and effect” (Storr, 1989, p. 2). Through the discussion of those central concepts, Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis becomes clear as to how he construed human character.
Features of the Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Perspectives Outline the key features of the psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives, and briefly compare and contrast their views on conscious experience, a person as an integrated whole, and the role of therapists in arriving at changes. Answer In explaining and predicting animal behaviour, different schools of psychology are of different perspectives; e.g. cognitive approach focuses on the mental processes, behaviourism is based on external stimuli and reinforcement, biological approach is concerned with the relationship between the mind and body and the influence of heredity. However, they are only cope with a specific part of people, but neglect human as a whole.
Carver , Joseph M. "Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser." 03 Feb 2009. n. pag. Web. 14 Feb 2011. .
Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of feeling, thinking and acting. Psychodynamic theories of personality view human behavior as a dynamic interaction between the conscious mind and unconscious mind, including associated motives and conflicts (Myers & Dewall, pg# 572, 2015). These theories focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. Psychodynamic theories are descended from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, which is his ideology of personality and the associated treatment techniques. Psychoanalysis attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. This theory also includes the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. He proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. Freud’s historically significant psychoanalytic theory became part of the human cultural legacy.