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Effect on corporal punishment
Issue of corporal punishment
Issue of corporal punishment
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If your family is like 90% of the population, then you have been disciplined using corporal punishment or have discipled your children with it. The topic of whether parents should use corporal punishment has been debated for years, and it is illegal in the United States to use physical punishment; however, each state’s law on corporal punishment varies and all allow some form of physical punishment. New studies greatly question whether corporal punishment should be used when discipling children. Parents or guardians should not be allowed to use corporal punishment because it causes anti-social behavior, it increases aggression, and it causes cognitive problems. Corporal punishment is used in many homes throughout the United States despite …show more content…
There is an indirect correlation between children who are physically punished and those who have antisocial behavior. Studies have shown that children who are punished in a physical way, often exhibit difficulties obeying rules and norms as they grow up. According to "The Effect Of Corporal Punishment On Antisocial Behavior In Children” by Andrew Grogan Kaylor, “Children 's age had an effect on levels of antisocial behavior, in that older children exhibited higher levels of antisocial behavior.” Antisocial behavior is demonstrate more as the child grows older. Parents often use corporal punishment as a way to discipline a child when they exhibit antisocial behavior. However, studies have shown that corporal punishment increases this behavior instead of decreasing (Eamon 2001; Eamon & Zuehl, 2001; Straus & Donnelly, 2001; Straus et al., 1997). When comparing data from children who were greatly exposed to corporal punishment and those whose parents occasionally used this way of punishing their child, data showed that there was a very small differences between both groups. This study demonstrated that even if parents do not use physical punishment often, it can still cause their child to have antisocial behavior. According to "A Cross-Cultural Examination Of The Link Between Corporal Punishment And Adolescent Antisocial Behavior” by Ronald L. Simons, Chyi-In Wu, Kuei-Hsiu Lin, …show more content…
This punishment can affects the child’s thought processes, problem solving, and decision-making. According to “Corporal Punishment by Mothers and Development of Children’s Cognitive Ability: A Longitudinal Study of Two Nationally Representative Age Cohorts” by Murray A. Straus and Mallie J. Paschall, “ CP adversely affects the development of cognitive ability, ending use of CP could result in an increase in the national average level of cognitive ability.” A child undergoes cognitive development as they grow, and corporal punishment can impact this process. When a child is slapped or spanked, the child becomes afraid causing high levels of stress. When a child’s body undergoes significant levels of stress, it can result in cognitive deficits like erroneous, difficulties understand events, and this limits the child’s ability to overachieve in school. This is supported by an interview conducted in 1986 by Power and Chapieski; women’s children who mainly used corporal punishment were tested along with children that mothers did not believe in corporal punishment. The group of kids that mothers used corporal punishment tested below or averaged compared to those who whose mothers did not practice physical punishment. Multiple children who were not punished physically did well and better than expected when they took this academic test. This study demonstrated that causing high level of stress, by using corporal
When describing a physical altercation between two adults, the term is assault and battery. Assault on an individual has more than immediate effects; the effects can last a lifetime in severe cases. In all fifty states, it is a crime to hit, strike or use corporal punishment in any deliberate manner towards any person over the age of eighteen. However, this law does not apply to physical force being used on minors. Spanking, whipping, and paddling are among a few common references to this form of punishment. Physically disciplining children has had many names over the years. No matter which term is used, corporal punishment has a negative impact on every party involved. It is a widely used, socially accepted method of discipline. “Approximately 94% of three and four-year old children have been spanked in the past year (Slade & Winssow 1321). Although spanking is a widespread practice, it is becoming more controversial. The negative effects of spanking greatly outweigh the benefits. Spanking is a socially tolerated view promoting abusive patterns, and has a negative psychological impact in teaching children that pain, fear, and confusion promote conformability.
Holden (2002) reviewed Gershoff’s (2002) meta-analyses of eighty-eight (88) studies and noted that there were both positive and negative outcomes associated with the punishment of spanking. According to Gershoff’s (2002) analysis, the one positive outcome was immediate compliance by the child (Holden, 2002). This result was found to be consistent in five (5) studies. Immediate compliance was defined as the child complying to the parents directive within five (5) seconds. In stark contrast, there were four (4) negative outcomes. The analysis showed a negative effect on the quality of the parent child relationship, the child’s mental health, the child’s perception of being a victim of physical child abuse, and also impacted aggression in adulthood (Holden, 2002).
Alan Kadzin, Yale University’s Professor of Child Psychiatry and Director of Yale Parenting Center, as cited in A Surprising Number of Americans Still Spank Their Kids written by Time Magazine’s Denise Foley, believes that “spanking can be destructive long before it becomes a clear cut case of child abuse.” He supports this with his research that indicates that spanking can “predict” future mental and physical health problems. Additionally, individuals who were spanked died at a younger age of “cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses.” Dr. Murray Strauss, a University of New Hampshire in Durnam professor of sociology and co-director of the Family Research Laboratory, also describes in the article Pros/Cons: Spanking by Jessica Pauline Ogilvie, how this induces the child to be at a higher risk for “committing juvenile crime, assaulting other kids …and hitting their dating or [domestic] partner[s].”
Nonetheless, considers spanking an outcome with dysfunctional mental and physical health issues that roots from often harsh spankings (Kazdin and Benjet, 2003). If parents were set to believe corporal punishment leads to the development of mental issues or physical aggression with peers solving conflicts (Taylor et al.,2016). If the world knew what corporal punishment actually does parents would seek a different approach. Most parents think the views of their children is a reflection of how they are being raised, which supports why this article argument is stronger. Another reason this article is stronger argument is because of how severe the logical fallacies are with in “Spanking and Children’s Externalizing Behavior Across the First Decade of Life:” Even so, the article did provide some strong points as well by recognizing the limitations the studies bring with parents by relying on their responses to general questions about spanking.
The way children are treat by their parents reflects from themselves and onto their peers. “… parents that are very sarcastic, a child will be very sarcastic with their peers…” Parents don’t realize the affects spanking causes too the children’s mental state. In the article written by Brendan L. Smith, he explains that physical punishment, including spanking, “...can lead to increase aggression, antisocial behavior, physical injury, and mental health problem for children.” Although physical punishment, such as spanking, may work momentarily, but it just causes the children to become more aggressive. (Smith 3) Over 30 countries have completely banned physical punishments for children. Elizabeth Gershoff, PhD, at the University of Texas at Austin, another expert on the issue says “Physical punishment doesn’t work to get kids to comply, so parents think they have to keep escalating it. That is why it is so dangerous…” (Smith
Swat! The entire store tries not to stare at the overwhelmed mother spanking her three-year-old whaling son. As if the screaming tantrum wasn't enough of a side show at the supermarket. This method, or technique perhaps, has been around for decades, even centuries. Generations have sat on grandpa’s lap and listened to the stories of picking their own switch or getting the belt after pulling off a devilish trick. So why then has it become a major controversy in the past few decades? The newest claim is that spanking and other forms of physical punishment can lead to increased aggression, antisocial behavior, physical injury and mental health problems for children. Brendan L. Smith uses many case studies and psychologists findings in his article “The Case Against Spanking” to suggest that parents refrain from physically punishing their children due to lasting harmful effects.
Narvaez suggests that children who are spanked over time become more and more aggressive. Now there is no way to prove this research without conducting the experiment or gathering the information. Dr. Jared Pingleton on the other hand says “Disciplining our sons and daughters is part of the tough work of parenting, but it will pay big dividends in the long run.” Dr. Narvaez chooses to only look at the extreme cases of a parent choosing a more physical punishment, what she fails to see is that spanking shows kids that our actions have consequences. As Dr. Pingleton says “Spanking, then, can be one effective discipline option among several in a parents’ tool chest as they seek to steer their children away from negative behaviors and guide them toward ultimately becoming responsible, healthy, happy adults.”
Violence within families often reflects behaviours learned by children from their parents. A theory is that violent behaviour is passed down from generation to generation through families (Cole & Flanagin, Pg. 2). The majority of Americans are subjected to corporal punishment at one point or another during their lifetime(Kandel, Pg. 4). Surveys suggested that almost all American parents used physical punishment at one point or another and the punishment was regared as an appropriate child rearing technique. Another survey also suggested that some psychologists belive physical punishment to be an effective and useful socialization tool(Kandel, Pg. 2). Aggression is commonly conceived as existing on a continuum, ranging from very severe parental aggression to much milder and normal parental aggression, such as use of corporal or physical punishment(Kandel, Pg. 1). A common concern is that parental use of physical punishment will lead to aggressive behaviour in children.
Studies have shown that children around the age of 2 don’t fully grasp or understand the reason why they were spanked, limited verbal skills and are unable to distinguish a behavioral plan to correct it. “These factors suggest that infants and young toddlers could be particularly vulnerable to emotional trauma and stress as a result of punishment, including spanking, because developmentally they are less equipped to understand punishment and to change their behavior to comply with their parents’ expectations” (Slade, E, 2014,
Corporal punishment, or “spanking”, has been used by many cultures around the world throughout history. It is an immediate remedy to bad behavior in children and has been heralded for its effectiveness by its proponents. However, there is no scientific evidence to support the claim that spanking is more effective than other forms of discipline. There are multiple studies and experiments which demonstrate that corporal punishment can cause long term physical, emotional and mental injury to children.
Several forms of emotional damage have been associated with physical punishment in children such as confusion, aggressive behaviors, and mental illnesses. These are all signs of abuse or to be more specific a parent that did not fully understand the limitations of the biblical approach. On the other hand, are these factual claims? Not even research can back these claims up. Afifi, T. O., Monta, N. P., Dasiewicz, P., MacMillan, H. L., & Sareen, J. (2012) authors of a journal called Physical Punishment and Mental Disorders: Results From a Nationally Representative US Sample clearly state that research is flawed and no findings can be proven to show a link between physical punishment and mental disorders. Parents may have heard “spare the rod, spoil the child” but there is more behind that saying. The Bible does not say to use excessive force it tells a parent to use their love and words of knowledge to correct a child.
“It hurts and it’s painful inside – it’s like breaking your bones; it’s loud and sore, and it stings; it feels like you’ve been adopted or something and you’re not part of their family; you feel like you don’t like your parents anymore; you feel upset because they are hurting you, and you love them so much, and then all of a sudden they hit you and you feel as though they don’t care about you” (Pritchard 9). These are the feelings of those juveniles who suffer from corporal punishment. Corporal punishment has been one of the main topics of research in Psychology in last few decades. Although people had believed, “Spare the rod and spoil the child” but in the present age of science, research has revealed that the corporal punishment causes more harm to the children instead of having a positive effect on them. According to UNICEF, “Corporal punishment is actually the use of physical measures that causes pain but no wounds, as a means of enforcing discipline” (1). It includes spanking, squeezing, slapping, pushing and hitting by hand or with some other instruments like belts etc. But it is different from physical abuse in which punishment result in wounds and the objective is different from teaching the discipline. Although Corporal punishment is considered to be a mode of teaching discipline and expeditious acquiescence, however, it leads to the disruption of parent-child relationship, poor mental health of juveniles, moral internalization along with their anti-social and aggressive behaviour and it is against the morality of humans.
Corporal punishment is the physical disciplinary method used by parents, teachers, and school administrators in an effort to correct a child’s undesirable behaviors. The use of physical force is one that is often times controversial and usually evokes very strong reactions. These feelings surface, and opposing views clash, when scandals surrounding corporal punishment hit the media and heated arguments in the comments section of articles emerge. While corporal punishment occasionally makes its way into the limelight, it is a decision all parents are faced with eventually and often times daily. For example, when a toddler is sprawled out on the grocery store floor kicking, hitting, and flinging
Secondly, corporal punishment in schools should not be permitted is because it can lead to harmful effects in a student’s health. Because according to Science Daily “a child in a school that uses corporal punishment has performed worst in tasks involving executive functioning-- such as, for example: planning, abstract thinking, and delaying gratification.” In addition, according to Social Development, “harshly punitive environm...
Physical punishment may cause a child psychological problems. First, if the physical punishment starts at an early age the child will be used to being physically punished, therefore, his or hers self-esteem may severely negative as he or she grows up. Second, it is a life-affecting act to physically punish a child because they will be traumatized. Eventually parents should think twice before they can physically punish their children. What they should think of is what problems they are causing the child in its life.