Procrastination Essay

There not much literature available on the relationship between Procrastination, Self-efficacy and personality yet there is ample of literature available in these topics individually.

• According to a study conducted by Steel (2007), college students who found the tasks to be more intrinsically rewarding and tended to experience pleasure and satisfaction while doing it, the more likely they were to maintain consistent progress. But if the task was perceived to be difficult to the point of not doing it, the more likely they were to procrastinate. Even believing that something was important for theor own future did not make it intrinsically rewarding.

• Klassen, Ang, Wan Har, Krawchuk, Huan, Wong, (2009) looked at academic procrastination in a cross cultural context and found that Singaporean adolescents reported higher levels of procrastination and lower levels of self-efficacy for self-regulation than Canadian adolescents. They found that self-efficacy for self-regulation showed the strongest multivariate relationship with procrastination for adolescents in both settings while relationships between procrastination and the motivation variables showed similar patterns in Singapore and Canada.

 In a study done by Wolters (2003), students reported that they procrastinate more when they view their tasks as effortful or time consuming or when they were unsure of their abilities to complete them successfully. Not surprisingly, self-efficacy and work avoidance were the strongest predictors of procrastination.

 A recent study by Arvey, Rotundo, Johnson, and McGue (2003) asked 118 identical and 93 fraternal male twins reared in the same family to indicate the degree to which they were procrastinators. The intraclass correlations f...

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...ableness were not significantly correlated with procrastination scores. Stepwise multiple regression of the Conscientiousness and Neuroticism factor facets indicated that lack of Self-Discipline and Impulsiveness accounted for most of the variance of procrastination scores. Implications for continued theoretical development and intervention are discussed.

 The anticipated influence of gender on procrastination is difficult to predict. Previous investigation into gender differences and the related construct of self-control has found mixed results (Feingold, 1994). Men may score higher, lower, or the same as women depending on the measure. However, meta-analytic results do show that girls score higher on effortful control than boys (Else-Quest, Hyde, Goldsmith, & Van Hulle, 2006). On balance then, one could expect procrastination to be weakly associated with males.