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The usage of physical education
Physical education in secondary schools
The usage of physical education
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Introduction
In this assignment I will justify the place of the following subjects within the primary national curriculum: Geography, History, Physical Education, Religious Education, Drama and Music. The reason I have chosen these subjects is because I have had an experience of them within my teaching placements and within seminars at university. In addition to this, I will analyse the use of cross-curricular learning in primary education and I will aim to explore the benefits and challenges of the approach.
Geography
I believe that geography is a significant subject in the primary national curriculum because it supports children to develop an understanding of the places in the world and the diverse range of people who live in it. For me, this is an important aspect to learning because it enables children to be globally aware. According to the DFES (Great Britain. Department for Education and Skills, 2005a) education plays a vital role in helping children to recognise their contribution and responsibilities as citizens of the global community and equips them with skills to make informed decisions and take responsible actions. In a recent geography seminar, I collaboratively planned a lesson for KS2, involving children taking a visit to Seaton, a local beach in Cornwall to compare and contrast the area through photographs after recent storm damage. The Royal Geographical Society (2014) suggests through the use of enquiry-based fieldwork, children can gain first hand experiences of physical processes. Having planned this activity I now realise that the use of first hand experiences will support children to develop attitudes and opinions. This is important because in my future geography teaching I can challenge children by using t...
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Kerry, T. (2011) Cross Curricular Teaching in the Primary School: Planning and Facilitating Imaginative Lessons. London: Routledge.
Langer, S.K. (1978) Philosophy in a New Key. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Philpott, C. & Spruce, G. (2012) Debates in Music Teaching. London: Routledge.
Rose, J. (2009) The Independent Primary Review. London: Crown.
Royal Geographical Society (2014) Available at http://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Learning+and+Leading/Why+do+fieldwork.htm (Accessed 25 March 2014).
Talbot, M. (2007) ‘Valuing Physical Education – Package or Pedagogy?’ Physical Education Matters, 3 (3).
Weston, D. (2011) The Religious Education CPD Handbook. Available at http://re-handbook.org.uk/section/manging/planning-a-scheme-of-work/reviewing (Accessed 4 December 2013).
Whitehead, M. (2010) Physical Literacy Throughout the Life Course. London: Routledge.
In this essay I will outline the curricular systems for the 0-5 age group in England and Scotland. I will examine in detail the planning and assessment provisions of these systems which allow early years practitioners to gain insight into children's learning and to aid them in that regard. I will draw comparison between the practices of these two countries where possible, and provide criticism of each.
This integrative and alternative curriculum “would include cross-curricular objectives and be grounded on powerful learning environments” ones that include problem- and project- based tasks and promote student autonomy and control of the learning process (Alahiotis & Stavlioti, 2006, p.122). Inter- and intra- disciplinary knowledge is important to be included in curricular materials. Furthermore, it is noted that this approach is both content and process oriented and that is why is so deman...
By teaching thematically, it would enable me to integrate the four core National Curriculum subjects within a theme. This method of theme based units utilises and builds on children's interests and life experiences, therefore skills and knowledge are developed in meaningful ways.(Kerry. T (2011) Cross-curricular teaching in the primary school, Oxon: Routledge) The Intermediate Program Policy Grades 4 to 10 (1993) suggests that the more students become engaged in how and what they study, the more interested they are in learning. Likewise, Bruner also supports the notion of children to be involved in their own learning process, so that connections could be made through personal discovery and enquiry and not just being passive receivers of information. This clearly highlights the importance of children taking an active role of their learning. Therefore in my approach of delivering the core subjects, it would be necessary for me to collaborate ...
With reference to the secondary curriculum in England, emphasis is placed upon the aims, values and purposes of education. With the implementation of the curriculum, pupils should be given the foundations to develop and apply the knowledge, skills and understanding that will help them become successful learners, confident individuals and responsible citizens; regardless of social background, culture, race, gender, differences in ability and disabilities (QCDA, 2010). In doing so, children will become more aware of, and engaged with, their local, national and international communities; and effectively widen their po...
The National Curriculum is split up into stages, these stages are determined by age groups, key stage 1 ranges from ages 5-7 which is the year group 1 and 2, then there is key stage 2 which ranges in ages 7-11 this is year groups 3-6. Key stages 3 and 4 are secondary stages, so at key stage 3 the pupils are 11-14. At the final stage of the pupils development through the National Curriculum, key stage 5 they are 14-16, at this stage they get more choice in which areas of the curriculum they want to continue in. However some subjects which are part of the National Curriculum such as, english, maths and science are compulsory. At each stage expectations are set as to pupils performance levels. Targets are laid out for programmes of study for pupils. The national curriculum helps the school create a working relationship, not only with the pupils but also with the parents. The curriculum is a way to create many more opportunities for all levels of achievement. It can help with building on certain strengths in a pupils ability. When we consider the different structures to which the curriculum can take on we must look at the way in which the information set out through the curriculum is put across to the pupils through content and organization. David Scott a Professor of Educational Leadership and Learning at the University of Lincoln?s International Institute for Educational Leadership. He is an expert in curriculum studies, David Scott identifies and depicts six curriculum ideologies. These are Foundationalism, Conventionalism, Instrumentalism, Technical Rationality, Critical Pedagogy and Post-modernism.
Class is something that is often defined by ones income, job, and family background, the area in which they live or indeed the schools or universities they have chosen to attended. This criteria is used to label people as a certain class and is something that can be seen in education through the likes of theories such as cultural capital. In this essay I am going to compare and contrast differences between middle and working class experiences of education focusing on two main theories; Cultural capital and social reproduction. I am going to concentrate upon the primary sector in oppose to secondary or higher education due to the fact I believe that primary school is where most children develop their personalities which they carry with them in further life and it is their first academic experience; therefore it is where social class first becomes clearly noticeable. In relation to these theories I am going to research into the argument that parents have a strong influence on their child’s education from this young age.
Awareness of history and geography is essential within any society. Acquiring knowledge of these two aspects of humanities is fundamental to understanding ourselves, others and the world in which we live. Through effective teaching of history and geography students begin to develop an understanding of ‘societies, events, movements and developments that have shaped humanity from earliest times’ (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority [ACARA], n.d.). As well as understanding the ‘characteristics of the places that make up our world, using the concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale and change. (ACARA, n.d.)’ All of which aims to nurture positive outcomes for later life.
Moyles, J (2007) Beginning Teaching Beginning Learning in Primary Education, 3rd ed. London: Open University Press
The goal of this paper is to inform others of my reasoning why physical educators are important and why it is my dream to become one. There are three main points I would like to discuss: the value of physical education ,being a role model ,and why it is my dream to become one.
Michele Cassebohm is an experienced primary school teacher who has returned to casual teaching after a lengthy break from permanent teaching. Through Michele’s transition
As an educator, you easily find yourself with the feeling that you are working in isolation. Working from within your classroom, unsure of what, how or why your colleagues are working. Being able to have an opportunity to step back and critically reflect on yourself is essential if you are to continue to grow within the profession. What are the ‘big ideas’ in education? Who has a greater impact on schooling, the students and their learning needs or state and the policies in which they develop? Do we ever ask ourselves what is the purpose of schooling? Why is the system set up in the way that it is? What role has history played in the development of education systems? This course has encouraged me to reflect on my own beliefs about education. Therefore I feel that the natural place for me to begin to further my understanding of education, is be examining and analyzing the purposes of schooling.
Opposition of mandatory Physical Education in high schools believe that if a student has not developed a desire for voluntary physical exercise by the time he or she reaches high school , he or she may not ever (Eberhardt). It is true that individuals should not be forced into something they don’t want to participate in, but if these students don’t get any exercise outside of school, where will they receive an appropriate amount of fitness? Paul Eberhardt, athletic director, intramural director and head coach of the McNair Marlins basketball team in Richmond, B.C., believes “that students don’t care about participating in P.E. anymore and we have to educate students on the benefits of Physical Education”. In the 1994-1995 school year there were 1,133 students enrolled at McNair High School but there were only four P.E. classes available, which meant approximately 120 students attended in these classes. The remaining 1013 grade eleven and twelve students had no Physical Education at all. This is an astonishing figure. “Many students participate in sports and recreation activities outside of school, but most of them get hardly any exercise at all.
In most curricular areas the curriculum has become strict rules that need to be adhered to. The constructivist approach brings a new light to a child’s learning experience with the focus being on practical interactive learning. Children often experience this type on learning before they reach primary school. For example when a child encounters a jigsaw they are not just shown on a whiteboard how to finish the jigsaw, the child is guided by an instructor through hands on experience. The child learns techniques to then complete a jigsaw by themselves and will move on to complete more complicated jigsaws with time. Education should not be focused on day to day learning but more focused on life-long learning and experiences. Adopting the constructivist approach in the classroom especially through the subjects of history and geography is essential for children to reach their full learning potential.
It is apparent why both school A and B provide extra-curricular activities for their pupils to attend and how important this may be in improving pupil’s performance. Both schools offer a wide variety of activities (Appendix), but are very different in delivery.
...S., … Killen, R. (2009). Professional Practice in Primary Education. South Melbourne, VIC: Cengage Learning Australia Pty Limited.