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Case study acute compartment syndrome
Compartment syndrome case study pysiology
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Compartment Syndrome occurs when too much pressure builds up inside a closed space in the body. This usually happens when there is bleeding or swelling after an injury. The pressure in compartment syndrome delays the flow of blood to the affected tissues. It can be an emergency, needing surgery to prevent permanent injury.
Acute compartment syndrome usually develops over a few hours after an injury to an arm or leg. Most symptoms include new deep aches in an arm or leg that is persistent, pain that seems more than it should be, numbness/pins and needles, swelling, tightness, and bruising. Chronic compartment syndrome symptoms include worsening cramping in the affected muscle within half an hour of starting exercise. The symptoms usually go
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a condition where there is a low oxygen level in the blood this mostly affects the lungs, people who have sepsis will be affected by ARDS as there breathing rate will decrease. Another reason for a multi-organ dysfunctions is that there is a lack of blood being given to the organs this causes low blood pressure or as it’s called hypotension this mostly affects diabetic people which leads them to having sepsis. Also hypoxia which is a lack of oxygen is another pathological physiological outcome of sepsis as less oxygen is reaching the tissue this is due to the fact that there is less oxygen in the blood. This causes confusion and change in heart and breathing rate which can lead to
Rotator cuff tears are generally categorized as a chronic injury because it takes repetitive wear and tear on the muscles for it to finally inflict pain on the body. Chronic injuries are simply when the pain gradually continues over a long period of time. On the contrary, acute pain is when something happens suddenly and the pain is much more sharp than compared to the dull and long lasting pain of a chronic injury. (Source 3) In sports the biggest reason why an athlete would tear or injure his/her rotator cuff is not because something major happened instantly like a broken bone or a pulled muscle, but because they continued to put stress on these muscles over a certain period in time. The pain signals will stay active in the nervous system for several months. (Source3) Usually this will occur when the certain activity they are doing is perfomed incorrecty or in a harmful way. An example of this would be lifting too heavy of weights or not using proper technique.
The signs and symptoms are pressure, stiffness, pain in the chest or/ and arms that may advanced to the neck, jaw, or back
Pain was significantly increased with flexion and extension. Sensation is decreased in the bilateral upper extremities. Strength is decreased in the bilateral upper extremities.
results in the need for more blood. Since more blood is needed to fill the
A pneumothorax is defined as “the presence of air or gas in the plural cavity which can impair oxygenation and/or ventilation” (Daley, 2014). The development of a pneumothorax to a tension pneumothorax can be caused from positive pressure ventilation.
Pressure ulcers development occurs in every hospital and it remains a major worldwide health problem for many years. However, pressure ulcers have received minimal attention when we talk about it as a patient safety issue. It is a patient safety issue as it can lead to serious damage such as life-threatening infections and pain (Richardson & Barrow, 2015). On a med/surg unit, individuals may experience long or short hospital stays depending on the situation. For the short stays, the focus of care is often on regaining activities of daily living (Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, 2011). Therefore, assessment and education regarding pressure ulcers is often minimal or non-existent (RNAO, 2011). Every client who is at risk needs to be assessed and educated regarding pressure ulcers and the subsequent skin breakdown (Cooper, 2013). During the hospital stay, clients may have limited movement and pressure ulcers can extend into the muscle, tendon, and bone (RNAO, 2011). In many cases, clients do not notice the formation of an ulcer and as it may be in areas that are out of sight such as the coccyx. Often,
Pritesh has a previous medical history of asthma and has experienced right-sided haemothorax as he got hit by a hockey ball during a competition. Currently, the nurse suspects that Prithesh may be developing tension pneumothorax which is a life-threatening medical emergency (Brown & Edwards, 2012). Tension pneumothorax develops when a hole in the airway structures or the chest wall allows air to enter but not leave the thoracic cavity (Rodgers, 2008). The pressure in the intrathoracic space will continue increase until the lung collapses, place tension on the heart and the opposite lung leading to respiratory and cardiac function impairment, and eventually shock may result (Professional guide to pathophysiology, 2011; Rodgers, 2008). Tension pneumothorax usually results from a penetrating injury to the chest, blunt trauma to the chest, or during use of a mechanical ventilator (Brown & Edwards, 2012; Rodgers, 2008).
Being a nursing student, I understand that Mr. John suffer hemiplegia resulting in weakness and also have limited ability to move, he cannot eat by mouth which restricts to have enough nutrition for the body, these are the some of the reason that make Mr John prone to have pressure injury as limited mobility and sickness causes the blood vessels to collapse easily so when for hours or days continuously pressure remains on the skin it leads to pressure sore and these pressure sore increases the risk of infection (Reddy, Cottrill, & Cansino, 2011). Usually, sustained pressure causes injuries over a bony prominent area especially in those who are malnourished and immobilized or limited mobilized. Routine assessment of skin is recommended to observe any sign of infection, 2 hourly position helps to relieve the pressure on the area (Barret, Kevin, James,
"Chronic pain persists despite the fact that the fact the injury has healed. Pain signals remain active in the nervous system for the prolonged or infinite amount of time. Physical effects include tense muscles, limited mobility, lack of energy, and changes in the appetite. Emotional effects include depression, anger, anxiety, and fear of re-injury"(Cleveland Clinic 2013). Chronic pain can develop from multiple common conditions. These can include; instance migraines, diabetes, IBS, fibroids, and endometri...
Sometimes you can’t control your injury and need to get back to your sport as soon as possible. Stop exercising no matter what if you feel pain and see a doctor if the pain continues. Sometimes, it might turn out that you just have to strengthen a certain muscle group. “When you have JUST injured yourself then remember RICE…. It is sometimes extended to PRICER” (Lowry 1). PRICER is an acronym that teaches the steps to recover from an injury that may not be
attention. The Athletic Trainer will tell you to get the injury checked out by going to the hospital and
Describe the pathology/condition from a reputable source. Include its etiology (how, when and why it occurs)
The pressure of the fluid can be measured using two different systems. In one system, the pressure is measured above the absolute zero (complete vacuum) and is called as absolute pressure. In second system, the pressure is measured above the atmospheric and is called as gauge pressure.