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Sociocultural theory and how it influenced early childhood education
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The moment that I started observing the children at play, the first observation that I made was that were was a great diversity in the ages of the children. The main age group that I noticed appeared to be preschool-kindergarten (4-6 yrs). There was a group (Group A) of preschool-kindergarten boys, with the exception of a much older child (possibly 6-7 yrs) engaged in what appeared to be “tag”. Group A as a whole were engaged in the same activity as well as appeared to have the same goal, which consisted of chasing one another throughout the different obstacles within the play area. According to Parten, since Group A was playing together as well as appeared to have a mutual goal, this can be described as cooperative play which is defined as, “ children play together with a common purpose or goal, taking turns”. As I was observing Group A running around, I did not clearly noticed different children taking turns, but rather the
Since the child was expected to follow the rules if he desired to play with the other children then he had to abide to the rules of the game SED 4: Relationships and Social Interactions with Peers. Having the ability to work together with other students (possibly negotiate) is a great step in the child’s social developments. Another group of preschoolers-kindergarteners (possibly 4-6 yrs) Group B were supporting one another as they were attempting to climb over a barrier. The motives behind Group B’s play were unclear, however the children could have been engaged in the sociodramtic play aspect of the Piagetian Theory. This group of children could have been pretending to be knights that needed to “escape from the dragon” SED 5: Symbolic and Sociodramatic Play, ATL-REG 5: Engagement and
Early Childhood is marked by a time in children’s lives when they develop “a confident self-image, more effective control over their emotions, new social skills, the foundations of morality, and a clear sense of themselves as boy or girl” (Berk, Kauffman & Landrum, 2011, pg. 45). According to Erik Erikson, early childhood is a period of “vigorous unfolding,” one where children have a sense of autonomy and a new sense of purposefulness or initiative (Berk, Kauffman & Landrum, 2011, pg. 45). Play is a means for children to learn about themselves and they begin to adopt the moral and gender-role standards of the society in which they live (Berk, Kauffman & Landrum, 2011). A negative outcome of early childhood is the guilt children feel as a result of excessive punishment and criticism by the adults in their lives (Berk, Kauffman & Landrum, 2011)....
Symbolic play allows children to construct meaning of their everyday life through their activities and experiences. They begin to understand the world by using their imaginations to practice some of the connections that they are making from their observations of it. By engaging in symbolic play, children will learn how to do certain tasks on their own. For example, in the restaurant example mentioned earlier, children who participate in this activity by pretending to be a customer at a restaurant, will help them practice ordering food that they would normally eat, and then eventually helping them overcome their fear of talking to the waiter or waitress. Once this happens the child will be more apt to order their own food when going to a restaurant, which will ultimately make them feel more independent and self-sufficient. In fact, the third stage of Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development, initiative versus guilt, “Children who successfully accomplish the developmental tasks of this stage will emerge confident and competent. They will believe that they can plan and complete a task independently” (Pg. 68, Chapter 3- Erik Erikson). As a future teacher, it will be vital that I allow children to learn on their own and if they make a mistake, it is okay. Research shows that children are likely to feel less competent and take fewer risks in learning when they are constantly reprimanded for their actions. Of course, I cannot just observe two children getting into a fight, but I can help them work through it in a way that will be a learning experience for the both of them. So basically what I am saying is that it is crucial that as a teacher I remember that every moment can be a learning moment, no matter if symbolic play is involved or
The first play observation that I observed was a game of hide and seek. The game took place at CSULB Hillside College between buildings A-C. There was, four girls and boys who varied in age. Three girls are eighteen years old and one girl is nineteen, one boy is twenty one, and the other three boys are eighteen. I’m going to call the group I observed the A team for explanation reasons.
During each observation, the kind of social context in which the child was interacting was recorded. This included A: alone, S: With same sex peer, O: With other sex peer and M: With same and other sex peers. In addition to recording the kind of social context, the type of social behavior (e.g. Aggressive-Behavior, Rough and Tumble Play, Prosocial Cooperative Play and Gender Stereotyped Play) was recorded. Aggressive behavior was defined by either verbal (name calling, teasing, tattling excluding others) or physical (hitting, pushing throwing something, grabbing away toys). Rough and Tumble Play consisted of forceful physical action done in a playful, happy way (e.g., chasing or tackling during a game). Prosocial Cooperative Play consisted of sharing toys/materials with a peer, cooperating, working on a common activity. Lastly, gender stereotyped play consisted of boys playing with trucks, balls, sports and girls playing with dolls, house, kitchen. These social behaviors were logged in a sheet used by the observers. This coding system was developed in order to measure the play patterns among preschool
...en became distracted by climbing; sliding and playing follow the leader on the play equipment. One male student chose to play ball by himself most of the time. After they made three laps it was race time. The teacher let them line up and counted one, two, three and they were off even the younger one joined in this activities. As the children ran the teacher encourages each one by name and they made it to the finish line with smiles and sideways look to see who might be watching. Everyone has a winner in this group. One child had a problem with their perceptual motor skill as one female bumped her head on the wall and wanted her “Mommy”. Once more the teacher was there so quick to see to the needs of this child.
Play is such an important part of the learning and growing, especially for children. Children engage in many different types of play, but the play I saw the most when I observe the children of my daycare is sociodramatic play. The book Understanding Dramatic Play by Judith Kase-Polisini defines sociodramatic play as “both players must tacitly or openly agree to act out the same drama” (Kase-Polisini 40). This shows that children play with each other and make their worlds together as equal creators. Children also work together without argument.
The living room was dark and the only thing you could see was the brightness of the TV. Also, I could still hear many people talking from down stairs, fire truck siren going off, and the city lights that were still shining bright. At the age of seven, on a cold Friday night in Brooklyn; my mom, cousin, and I started watching some scary movies since it was around Halloween. There was this movie called “Child’s Play” and as a child, I didn’t like the movie at all due to the fact that there was an ugly doll that was moving and killing people. During, that weekend it was showing marathons all weekend long since it was the Halloween weekend. The bed was pulled out with all the warm blankets and snacks besides us waiting for the move to start.
My choice of research was in the play behaviors of children as well as aggression. Breaking the topic down more, behavior relates to the psychology and the psyche of each individual. The definition of psychology is “science of mind and behavior” (Clavijo, 2013). After reading the article by Clavijo, I have realized that psychology can be defined in three ways such as the study of the mind, the study of behavior, and the study of the mind and behavior. In the text “The Developing Person” by Berger, behavior is learned through social learning. Children learn different behaviors through the observation of others, others being children and adults. Different people have affects on a child’s life that can affect their behavior. A child’s behavior is heavily influenced by their parents. A son may speak aggressively and without respect towards his mother because this is the way that his father speaks to her therefore he feels that is how to communicate with his mother (Berger, 200, 2012). Moving into play behaviors, children learn from other children in how to play. Most believe cognitive growth relies on child’s play time. Vygotsky and Piaget both believe that when children play it is beneficial, but according to Vygotsky, playing enables a child to think outside the box and create their own meaning from objects, using their imagination. Piaget believes that child benefit from playing together because children and sharing their knowledge and making it more concrete ideas and thoughts. There are four stages of plays, with the fourth stage being the highest most complicated play which consists of rules and guidelines for the game. The lowest level or play would be functional play being infants shaking rattles, clapping their hands, or blow...
Rogers, S. and Evans, J. 2006. Playing the game? Exploring role play from children's perspectives. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 14 (1), pp. 43--55.
At the start of the video the children are standing together discussing the game and discussing the different rules. The girl in all pink and blonde hair seems to be the one that is determining the rules and telling the other children. The little girl is actively participating in formal games with rules because she is playing a game that involves rules and organization. The little girl also seems to be engaged in the social dimension of cooperative or organized supplementary play. She is playing with the other children and she has goals. Her goals are to chase the other children when she is “it” and run away from the other children when she is not. The little girl understands that when she is tagged she is “it” and when she tags one of the other children they become “it”. As stated in the textbook, cooperative or organized supplementary play is the most advanced and complex. Children at this age love to run and play and seem to have an endless amount of energy which may contribute to their eagerness to play with other
I observed at St. Eve’s Learning Center location in their preschool room. The center has a naturalistic feel to the environment and all of the staff is friendly and welcoming. The classroom displayed best practices, modern theories and research, and followed expected standards set by their accreditations.
...y made me crawl on my knees. But, this showed cooperative play because the children were involved in structured games that involved rules. When I was baby-sitting, I was involved in some fantasy play. The twin three-year-old girls told me that I was the daddy, and one was the mommy, and the other was the kid, and the giant stuffed bee was also a kid. We played in a little area with toy stoves and washing machines and stuff. This is an example of fantasy play because these young girls believed that things were different than they really were.
Children have a natural inclination to play, alongside a natural instinct to learn and to be curious and inventive, which are characteristics of the human race in general. This quote taken from Janet Moyles is a good starting point for this essay. It is well known that children love to play. If a child were to be left to his/her own devices they would happily play and create new worlds anywhere they were left. It has been well documented and researched that children learn excellently through play. However they are not always given the opportunity to do so, instead being told to, ‘finish your work and then you can go play’. Obviously this is not always the case, but the fact that it is a common practice shows that we do not all fully appreciate the importance of play to children’s learning. This essay will attempt to show how children learn through play, making reference to current theory and practice. I will also give examples from my own first-hand experience of how children learn and develop as people through play.
A very wise man; Charles Schaefer, once said “We are never more fully alive, more completely ourselves, or more deeply engrossed in anything than when we are playing.” To begin with, there is no one explanation about what play really is, other than the fact that it holds infinite numbers of definitions according to every single individual. Play is just not a physical body movement involved in an activity, but more than that if you look outside of the box. For centuries, play has been practiced in its own unique way with not only children, but adults as well.
It is important that teachers help their student developed social skills for peer acceptance. The role a pre-k teacher is to observed and record social skills. the teacher need to determine who plays alone, who plays in groups, who gains access to play and who makes friends. By observing and recording this data a teacher can find out who needs help and how can they help that child developed social skills. Arranging small group activities, is an effective way to help that child interact with others. It is important to teach students to work well in groups because in the workplace it is an essential key to success, it helps developed their communications skills as well as improve their confidence. If I were to design an activity for a pre-k