CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction and Problem Summary Have you noticed an increase of potholes in our city? Hopefully YES. Roads in our country endure heavy rainfall, and as a result they are commonly marked with potholes. The damage starts with a small crack on the side of the road and ends with big potholes. The damage grows when water seeps down into the crack. Slowly, the cracks grows underneath the road, making the pavement more susceptible to damage from the weight of traffic. These potholes then cause damage to vehicles which also increase the maintenance cost. If the vehicle hits a deep, dreaded divot in the road, steering system misalignment to a full-on tire puncture or bent rims may follow. Potholes also causes many safety hazards like road accidents. So, to overcome from this problem we have come up with an idea by which we can easily estimate the depth and volume of the potholes. After getting an estimated idea about depth and volume of the potholes, these details can be made available to government agencies or municipal commission who monitors the quality and condition of the roads. Figure 1 pothole formation As the details are available to …show more content…
Laser triangulation technique is used to find the depth of any object. Also finding the angle between incident laser ray and the reflected ray captured by the webcam is one of the critical issues in 3D laser scanning. A simple procedure is proposed to accurately find the same. The scanner design is straightforward, involving simple trigonometry for finding the depth. Its range is small but the accuracy is relatively high then time-of-flight technique. The price of components used also affect the accuracy of the laser scanner. The scanner we have proposed eliminates the need of two lasers, two web cameras and calibration of moving
Driver error is an additional cause of crashes. Driver error can be numerous things, including distraction, fatigue and falling asleep at the wheel, inexperience, reckless driving, eating while driving, and others.
The purpose of this short memo is to discuss aspects of use, applicability, and environmental impacts of porous pavements as gleaned from practical findings and pertinent examples. A porous pavement is one with high enough porosity and permeability to allow rain and snowmelt to pass through it, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and surrounding areas. In intensely built up areas, pavements account for more than half of all the land, and for about two-thirds of total built cover (Ferguson, 2005, 2-3). Parking lots, in particular, account for the majority of paved areas. Pervious paving materials have the capability of providing a dual purpose in parking and other areas with low to moderate traffic; they serve both as a parking/traffic area and to manage stormwater.
Sinkholes are known to occur during the dry months of the year when underground caverns become drained of ground water. Since nature abhors a void, the earth quickly fills the void and the result is clearly visible above the ground. Pity all those people who spend the entire earnings to build homes only for houses to get swallowed up in an instant. Forces they may not have been aware of make all their investments bare.
Break Thru staff identified that there is a smaller footprint in DES and so they have localised strategies for linkages with other organisations. Accordingly, the Craigieburn and Coburg site have linkages with Connections Craigieburn which includes Anglicare Victoria, Uniting Care, Brotherhood of St Laurence, Odyssey, Headspace, Mind Australia, St. Vincent, Broadmeadows Disability Service and Foundation House. The Glenroy site has a Memorandum of Understanding with Headspace, and linkages with St Vincent, Neami, Youth Projects and Foundation House. Break Thru noted that its focus will be on growth and linkages with support organisations which will provide opportunities for direct registrations.
If you have potholes in your driveway, you’ll need to use asphalt patch to repair the damage. Asphalt patch is available at all home improvement stores. Fill the holes with asphalt patch and then drive your car over the patch. The weight of the car will press the patch into the hole and repair the damage. Allow it to harden before applying the sealant.
During the winter season, the water that accumulated beneath the roads became frozen. They, therefore, increased in mass, thus breaking the hard ground covering that were put on the roads during their initial construction. The cracks, therefore, led to the formation of the potholes.
As I have seen in Amelia and Beechmont, Ohio the potholes have been getting bigger and bigger since the winter. I drive these roads everyday and I try to miss them as best as I can, but sometimes you just cannot. Nobody wants to hit the potholes and damage their cars, but some of the potholes are just too big now and you cannot do anything about it. A few drivers have got flat tires right in
In the past few years, Colorado Springs has seen a substantial population increase (St. Louis-Sanchez 2014). This has led to an increase of a variety of issues. Due to the increase, one of the biggest issues is that the roads cannot handle the new volume of traffic, and the drivers that are new to the region cannot always handle the roads, particularly in the winter. While the city continues to attempt to widen the roads, this only causes more congestion and stress no matter how temporary. On top of the added hassle of construction, roads can only be expanded so much before there is not any more room. Larger roads also means a larger winter maintenance operation, more money spent filling potholes, and repaving more roads. There are three different solutions to this problem, and they all can work together and build on one another.
Sinkholes are an issue because of all the problems such as destruction to land, harm to civilians, and the cost of damages that sinkholes create. Sinkholes have a very broad spectrum because they can range from small land surfaces to covered collapse sinkholes (Phelps). According to the US Geological Survey, (USGS) 130 sinkholes formed across the region in dangerous places such as under interstates. Sinkholes are a natural part of Florida’s landscape, but with the growth of Florida’s population the more water is being used from 8 to 20 million (Gupta). According to Susan Martin and Dan DeWitt, “The number of residential sinkhole claims filed with Citizens Property Insurance Corp., which insures more Florida homeowners than any other company, has nearly tripled in the past five years, from 1,482 claims in 2007 to 4,024 last year. The average claim now costs Citizens nearly $90,000.”
with a digital map, who shows the position of the car. Based on the position of
Crumple zones- are a structural feature used in automobiles. They help by absorbing the impact; this is by spreading the impact through parts of the car instead of in the one spot. This reflects back onto law number one, two and three. This is shown when the car hits the object it causes the car to slow down or completely stop (1). The crumble zone would protect the driver because all the energy has been diverted around the car, instead of the one spot. As a result of the cars mass and its acceleration, the force can be calculated (2). When the car crashes it’s most likely that the object w...
In my first hypothesis, I believe that sinkholes will occur in soil and rock that is soft and wet because sinkholes are known to be associated with limestone bedrock and limestone is easily dissolved by acidic groundwater. Thus, my hypothesis is that when soils and rocks that attract more water, it is easily for a sinkhole to develop because the soil will erode into open cracks or caverns in the ground. This in turn would lead to a surface collapse because the er...
... plazas and the nicest of trucks won’t move any freight without roads. Local and state governments spend billions of dollars to build and maintain roads. From pothole repair, to snow removal; from bridge inspections to signage replacement, it takes thousands of men and women to keep our roads useable.
During my under graduation I have learnt only about basics of pavement materials and different layers of pavements. It was only after studying graduate courses I realized how limited my knowledge was and I need to work very hard and explore more in this vast field. During first year of my graduate study I have studied Pavements Materials, Pavement Design and Evaluation, Highway Construction Practices and these graduate courses opened a new paradigm for me to the way I looked at pavement engineering. This prompted me to look at it as a field full of challenges which make it even more dynamic and op...
pothole, it may be very difficult to fill it. By ruining the world today, it